Dam din Echo Park
| Dam din Echo Park | |
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| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Jihar Tarayyar Amurika | Colorado |
| Coordinates | 40°33′N 109°01′W / 40.55°N 109.01°W |
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Ofishin Reclamation na Amurka ya ba da shawarar Echo Park Dam a cikin 1950s a matsayin babban fasalin aikin Adana kogin Colorado . Yana zaune a kan kogin Green, babban rafi na kogin Colorado, an ba da shawarar dam don gundumar Echo Park na Dinosaur National Monument, ambaliya da yawa daga cikin kogin Green da Yampa a cikin abin tunawa. Masu tsare-tsare sun yi adawa da madatsar ruwa sosai, wadanda ke ganin kutsawar dam a cikin wani wurin shakatawa na kasa a matsayin wani Hetch Hetchy, don adawa da shi a matsayin rabon filayen kariya don dalilai na ci gaba. An yi watsi da aikin Echo Park don goyon bayan Glen Canyon Dam a kan babban tushe na Colorado, a cikin ƙasashen da ba a kiyaye su a lokacin. Ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa sun ɗauki wannan a matsayin kuskuren dabara.
Tarihin aikin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An fara gabatar da aikin Echo Park Dam a cikin 1941. Dinosaur National Monument shine, a lokacin da aka nada shi a 1915, ƙaramin 80 acres (32 ha) sashin shakatawa ya mai da hankali kan gadajen burbushin dinosaur da aka gano tare da kogin Green a 1909. An fadada abin tunawa a 1938 zuwa 200,000 acres (81,000 ha), wanda ke kewaye da hanyoyin yanar gizo na Green da Yampa a sama daga dutsen dinosaur. Sabbin wuraren da aka ƙara ba su da masaniya ga jama'a da ma'aikatar Park Service, kuma da farko ma'aikatar Park ba ta yi adawa da shirye-shiryen dam ba, bayan da ta haɗa kai da Ofishin Reclamation don bunkasa Boulder Dam National Recreation Area (daga baya Lake Mead National Recreation Area ) da sauran tafki a matsayin wuraren shakatawa na jama'a. A ƙarshe Sabis na Park ya fito da tsari a cikin 1950, tare da darekta Newton B. Drury yana adawa da matsayin Sakataren Harkokin Cikin Gida Oscar L. Chapman, wanda sashensa ke sarrafa duka Ma'aikatar Park da Ofishin Reclamation. Drury ya bayyana a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara na Sabis na Park Service na 1950 cewa ayyukan tafki za su "lalata ko ɓata kyau da sha'awar" wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. [1]
Drury, dan Republican a cikin mulkin Demokradiyya, ya yi murabus a 1951, wanda ya haifar da sukar Chapman don tilasta Drury. Drury ya yi nasara tsawon watanni takwas ta Arthur Demaray, sannan ta Conrad Wirth . Wirth ya ɗauki ɗan ƙaramin matakin adawa, wani sashi a ƙarƙashin umarni daga Chapman don sanya rashin jituwa tsakanin jama'a. Wirth ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga filayen nishaɗin jama'a da ke da alaƙa da ayyukan Reclamation, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Echo Park na iya zama wurin shakatawa na ƙasa da zarar ambaliya da tafki. [2]
Halin da jama'a na farko da aka buga game da shawarar Echo Park Dam shine labarin 22 ga Yuli, 1950 na Bernard DeVoto a cikin Jaridar Maraice na Asabar, mai suna "Za mu bar su su lalata wuraren shakatawa na kasa?" [3] A fakaice kwatanta ambaliya ta Echo Park da kutsawar Hetch Hetchy a Yosemite, Reader's Digest ya dauko labarin kuma ya ga wurare dabam dabam. [4]
Ofishin Reclamation ne ya gabatar da Aikin Ajiye Kogin Colorado a farkon shekarun 1950 a matsayin hadadden tsari don tattarawa da amfani da ruwan kogin Colorado na sama. A siyasance, aikin yana da goyon bayan jihohin Colorado na sama: Colorado, Wyoming da Utah, da kuma Arizona, waɗanda duk sun yi yaƙi da California kan rabon ruwa daga Colorado, wanda California ta cinye rabon da bai dace ba. Gina ma'ajiyar tafki mai tsayi a kan tsarin kogin zai baiwa jihohin da ke sama damar samun ikon sarrafa ruwan da amfani da shi.
A cikin 1955, sabon Sakataren Harkokin Cikin Gida Douglas McKay ya janye goyon bayan Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ga Dam din Echo Park. [5]
Glen Canyon Dam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An ba da shawarar Glen Canyon Dam daga farkon aikin Adana kogin Colorado a matsayin babban fasalin aikin. Sakataren Harkokin Cikin Gida Harold Ickes ya ba da shawarar kafa Escalante National Monument a cikin 1936, a 2,450 square miles (6,300 km2) girman girman filin shakatawa na Yellowstone sau biyu, wanda zai iya mamaye Glen Canyon da kewayen ƙasashe. An yi watsi da shawarar ta ban da filayen kiwo, sannan ta hanyar sa hannun Utah, tare da fifita ajiyar Glen Canyon a matsayin wurin tafki. [6]
A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950 wannan shawara da alama an manta da ita ko kuma an yi watsi da ita. Yankin Glen Canyon wani daji ne da ba a san shi ba, wanda ba a san shi da daraja ta musamman ba. Wani bincike na 1946 na yuwuwar albarkatu na nishaɗi da Ma'aikatar Kula da Kula da Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta yi a cikin Colorado Basin gaba ɗaya ya tsallake yankin Glen Canyon daga kimantawa, yana mai da hankali maimakon Aquarius Plateau zuwa arewa maso yamma da Monument Valley zuwa kudu maso gabas. [7]
Ma'aikatar Park ba ta da wani ra'ayi na hukuma game da Glen Canyon, tun da yake ba sashin Sabis ɗin Park ba ne kuma an cire shi da hankali daga tsare-tsaren Sabis na Park, yayin da Saliyo Club, ta mai da hankali kan yaƙin kiyaye ci gaban ruwa daga wuraren shakatawa da aka kafa, ta kasa gane har sai da ya yi latti cewa Glen Canyon ya mallaki yanayin yanayi da darajar jeji har ma fiye da Dinosaur. Amincewar darektan kungiyar Saliyo David Brower ga shawarar cewa za a tayar da Glen Canyon Dam ya jagoranci masu sukar Brower don yin jayayya cewa ya sadaukar da Glen Canyon yadda ya kamata don ceton Dinosaur. [8] Brower ya ɗauki cinikin a matsayin babban kuskurensa.
Bayanan aikin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Aikin Echo Park haƙiƙa ya ƙunshi madatsun ruwa guda biyu: babban Dam ɗin Echo Park mai tsayin tafki mai tsawon 5,570 feet (1,700 m) sama da matakin teku da ƙaramin dam na bayan ruwa a ƙasa a tsaunukan Split, wanda zai tattara da sake daidaita magudanar ruwa daga babban dam, yana tabbatar da kwararar kogi. An shirya tafkin tsauni mai tsayi don tsayin 5,050 feet (1,540 m) . [9]
An shirya Dam ɗin Echo Park don wani wuri da ke ƙasa daga Steamboat Rock, wani yanki na monolith wanda ke tsaye kusa da haɗuwar Green da Yampa, inda Green ɗin ke gudana daga Echo Park, wani yanki mai faɗin katako mai katanga da tudu mai tsayi. Ana zaune a gindin Harpers Point, dam ɗin zai zama 529 feet (161 m) babban madatsar ruwa mai nauyi. [10] Sama da Echo Park, 6,400,000 acre feet (7.9 km3) tafki zai mamaye Canyon na Lodore, yana shimfida sama ta hanyar Browns Park . [11] Yampa kuma za a yi ambaliya har zuwa Lily Park. [9] Kusan rabin tsayin Dutsen Steamboat zai kasance ƙarƙashin ruwa, tare da wuraren binciken kayan tarihi, kogo da kwaruruka na jeji. Wani rahoto na Sabis na Park game da tasirin dam a kan abin tunawa ya kira shi "kutsawa mai cike da baƙin ciki" tare da "musamman illa mai banƙyama" akan jeji da yanayin ƙasa a cikin abin tunawa. Layukan watsa wutar lantarkin kuma za su kutsa cikin wurin shakatawa. [12] Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka shigar ya kai MW 200. [11]Samfuri:Infobox dam
Raba Dutsen Dam, 118 feet (36 m) mai tsayi, [10] za a shimfida shi tazarar mil biyu daga ƙasa daga Dutsen Split, kimanin mil biyu a cikin madaidaiciyar layi daga Cibiyar Baƙi ta Quarry, ko kuma kusan mil kogi goma a sama. Wurin tafkin zai dawo ta cikin Canyon Canyon zuwa yatsan Echo Park Dam. Matsalolin biyu za su haifar da tafkunan ruwa a ko'ina cikin kusan duk abin tunawa a kan Green da Yampa. Ko da yake Split Mountain Dam zai kasance yana da tsayin hydraulic kusan 100 feet (30 m), 9,000 feet (2,700 m) An shirya gina penstock don ɗaukar ruwa zuwa wani zurfin lanƙwasa na Green, tare da cin gajiyar faɗuwar kogin don ƙirƙirar 200 feet (61 m) shugaban samar da wutar lantarki. [9] Tafsirin tsaunukan tsaga zai mamaye wuraren shakatawa na Bakan gizo, Tsibiri da Ƙananan wuraren shakatawa na Rainbow.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Sellars, Richard West. "Chapter 5: The War and Postwar Years, 1940-1963". Preserving History in the National Parks: A History. Yale University Press. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
- ↑ Sellars, Richard West. "Chapter 5: The War and Postwar Years, 1940-1963". Preserving History in the National Parks: A History. Yale University Press. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
- ↑ Wehr, Kevin. "The State of Nature and the Nature of the State: Imperialism Challenged at Glen Canyon" (PDF). History Essays from the Centennial Symposium. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. p. 835. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 28, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
- ↑ Sandiford, Glenn. "Bernard DeVoto and Echo Park" (PDF). NPSHistory. Utah Historical Quarterly. p. 75. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- ↑ Sellars. "Chapter 5". Archived from the original on December 14, 2012.
- ↑ Rusho, W.L. "Bumpy Road for Glen Canyon Dam" (PDF). History Essays from the Centennial Symposium. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. p. 524. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 28, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
- ↑ "Chapter X: Conservation of Recreational Resources". A Survey of the Recreational Resources of the Colorado River Basin. National Park Service. 1950. Archived from the original on August 16, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ↑ Rogers, Jedediah (2006). "Glen Canyon Unit" (PDF). Colorado River Storage Project. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2011.
- 1 2 3 Webb, Roy; Giacoletto, Krissy. "Wallace Stegner Exhibit". University of Utah. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "utah1" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 "Chapter IX: Dinosaur National Monument". A Survey of the Recreational Resources of the Colorado River Basin. National Park Service. 1950. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2011. Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedcosco1 - ↑ "Chapter IX (continued)". Survey of the Recreational Resources of the Colorado River Basin. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012.