Dam din Meraldene

Dam din Meraldene
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Wuri
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Aljeriya
Province of Algeria (en)	Boumerdès Province (en)
District of Algeria (en)	Thénia District (en)
Commune of Algeria (en)	Thénia
Coordinates	36°43′N 3°33′E

Dam din Meraldene, ko Barrage Meraldene، madatsar ruwa ce a kan Kogin Meraldene.

Ginawa

An ba da tsarin ƙirar wannan aikin ga injiniyan-masanin gine-gine, Henri Chauzy, wanda ke da ofishinsa a birnin Algiers.

An amince da aikin don aiwatar da wannan tsarin ruwa a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu 1911 don aiwatar da samar da ruwa na Kogin Meraldene da kuma gina madatsar ruwan ita kanta.

Auguste Schneider, dan kwangilar da ke Thénia a lokacin, ya gudanar da aikin a kan wannan madatsar ruwa har zuwa karbuwarsa ta ƙarshe. An amince da dam ɗin don amfani a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1913 ta birnin Thénia da tashar jirgin ƙasa.

Hakika, wannan birni da aka kirkira a shekara ta 1872 yana buƙatar ci gabansa da bunƙasar tattalin arzikinsa cewa a sami wadataccen ruwa mai daɗi, sau da yawa yana da wahala a samu ta rijiyoyi da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na halitta.

Bayani

An fara aikin gina madatsar ruwa ta Tizi N’Aït Aïcha a ranar 24 ga Mayun 1911, kuma an kammala shi cikin shekaru biyu, inda aka fara aikin a ranar 26 ga Fabrairun 1913.

Tafkin, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Mahran Dam, yana da karfin ajiya na farko na mita cubic 15,000,000 (kimanin yadi 19,619,259) kafin lalatawar ta rage karfinta kan lokaci.

Dam din Bourdin ya tallafa wa tashar jirgin kasa ta Tizi N'Aït Aïcha da ke kusa ta hanyar samar da ruwa ta hanyar famfo.

Wannan dam yana aiki azaman tafki na ruwa, yana samun wadatarsa ​​daga magudanan ruwa da suka samo asali a ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa, da suka haɗa da Thabrahimth, Meghladen, Keddara, Soumaâ, da Tizouighine.

Kogin Meghladen yana tattara magudanar ruwa daga waɗannan ƙauyuka, yana shiga cikin dam. Ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri da dam din bai ajiye ba yana kwarara cikin kogin Arabiya, wanda ke ratsa birnin Thénia, daga baya kuma ya shiga kogin Boumerdès, wanda ke zubowa cikin Tekun Bahar Rum kusa da birnin Boumerdès.

Ruwa

Ruwan da aka adana a madatsar ruwa na Mahran yana da sha, wanda aka samo asali daga kogin Meraldene. Wannan kogin, a haƙiƙa, faɗaɗa ne na babban kogin Bourdin, wanda ya samo asali daga yankin Debagha a cikin tsaunukan gundumar Beni Amrane.

Ruwan da aka adana yana da sananne saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin da aka dakatar da shi, tare da yawan adadin ƙasa da gram 2 a kowace lita. Wannan ingancin yana ba da gudummawar dacewar ruwan dam don sha da sauran abubuwan amfani.

Ruwan ruwa

Yankin da ake kamawa da ke samar da madatsar ruwa ta Meraldene ya kai jimlar murabba'in kilomita 3,615 (kilomita 1,396). Yankin yana da matsakaicin tsayi na mita 750 (mil 0.466).

Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a cikin wannan magudanar ruwa ya kai kusan milimita 790 (inci 31), yana ba da gudummawa ga albarkatun ruwa. Matsakaicin kwararar ruwa a cikin kogin Meraldene, wanda ke hidimar wannan yanki mai magudanar ruwa, shine mita cubic 5.8 a sakan daya (yadi cubic 7.6 a sakan daya).

Factor Factor, wanda ke auna yuwuwar zubar da ruwa, yana da matsakaicin ƙima tsakanin 150 zuwa 300, yana nuna matsakaicin matsakaici zuwa babban riƙewar ruwa da ƙarfin kwarara a cikin yankin.

Kwarin Borden Ruwa

Ana ba da ruwa zuwa Mahran Dam daga babban mashigin ruwa, kogin Bourdin. Shawarar gina madatsar ruwa a shekara ta 1911 wani yunƙuri ne na haɓaka matsugunin Thénia don ɗaukar ƙarin ma'aikatan Turai da ke aiki a kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa. Wannan ya biyo bayan kafa Matsugunin Minerville (Faransanci: Ménerville) a cikin 1872.

Magajin garin Thénia a lokacin, Philippe Jalabert, ya sanar da kwangilar aikin madatsar ruwa, yana gayyatar 'yan kwangila don gabatar da tayin tsakanin 30 Afrilu 1911, da 24 May 1911. Fayiloli na shawarwarin aikin sun karbi takardun aikin injiniyan injiniya M. Chauzy a ofisoshin birni, tare da ƙarin ƙaddamarwa da aka sarrafa a ofisoshin lardin.

An buɗe takaddun ne da ƙarfe 3:00 na yamma ranar 24 ga Mayu 1911, a zauren tattaunawa na ginin birni na Thénia. A wani taron jama'a, jami'an karamar hukumar sun ba da aikin samar da ruwan sha daga kogin Bourdin ta hanyar ba da kwangila ga daya daga cikin 'yan kwangilar.

Kasafin kudin aikin samar da ruwan ya kasance kamar haka.

23,218.30 francs na Faransa don ginin da kamfanin kwangila.

9,781.70 francs na Faransa don farashin kammalawa.

33,000.00 Faransa franc a matsayin jimlar farashin aikin.

1,000.00 Faransa franc a matsayin ajiya da garanti don aikin.

Wannan aikin ya nuna wani muhimmin mataki na inganta kayan aikin ruwa a Thénia da kuma tallafawa fadada shi a lokacin mulkin mallaka.

Sassan aikin Dam na Mahran

Gina madatsar ruwa ta Mahran ya ƙunshi abubuwa guda uku:

Gina Tsarin Dam.

Gina hanyar zub da jini tare da Tashoshin Kankare.[14]

Ƙaddamar da Dakin Kula da Bawul.[15]

Ƙayyadaddun bayanai

Dam ɗin Meraldene wani tafki ne na ruwa wanda aka tsara shi azaman kambi mai kambi da ke kusa da hanyar kogin Bourdin, wanda ya mamaye kogin Meraldene a cikin gundumar Thénia Beni Aïcha.[16].

Tsawon: Dam ɗin yana auna mita 68 (ƙafa 223).

Nisa: Yana da faɗin mita 3.25 (ƙafa 10.66).

Tsawo: Dam ɗin ya tashi mita 13.26 (ƙafa 43.50) sama da kogin Meraldene a gefen kudu, yana fuskantar ƙauyen Meraldene.

Kaurin Tushen: Kaurin tushe shine mita 7.50 (ƙafa 24.61) a matakin gabar kogi.[17]

Ƙarfin Ajiye: Kafin damtse, dam ɗin zai iya adana har zuwa mita 30,000 (cubic yadi 39,239) na ruwa.

Sa ido kan aikin Dam din Meraldene

Majalisar gundumar Thénia Beni Aïcha ce ke da alhakin sa ido kan ci gaban aikin madatsar ruwan Meghladen, tun daga 1911.

A ranar 1 ga Satumbar 1912, an sami ci gaba, kamar yadda aka tabbatar ta hanyar amincewa da rahotannin da injiniyan da ke sa ido ya gabatar.[18]

Kamfanonin injiniya karkashin jagorancin Auguste Schneider da Fratissier sun halarci taron gunduma don kammala kasafin kuɗin aikin gabaɗaya. Wadannan yunƙurin haɗin gwiwar sun tabbatar da ci gaba da ci gaban aikin da kuma bin tsarin da aka tsara.[19]

Kafa madatsar ruwa ta Mahran

An kafa garin Thénia Beni Aïcha a shekara ta 1872 ta hannun gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Faransa bayan murkushe juyin juya halin Mokrani. Mazaunan Turai, musamman daga Alsace da Lauren, sun fuskanci ƙalubale wajen samar da ruwan sha.

Yayin da 'yan asalin kabilar Aït Aïcha suka dogara da koguna, koguna, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, da rijiyoyin gargajiya don bukatunsu na ruwa, mazauna Turai suna buƙatar ƙarin kayan aikin ruwa mai ƙarfi don ci gaba da kasancewarsu a cikin filayen da ke gaban tsaunukan Khachna.

Dam din Meraldene, wanda aka kaddamar a ranar 26 ga Fabrairun 1913, ya nuna wani muhimmin lokaci a cikin hadin kan Turai a yankin Kabylie. Gine-ginensa ya aza harsashi na ayyukan ruwa na gaba, ciki har da Dam ɗin Chaâbet El Akhra (1945), Dam ɗin Ighzer Oufetiss (1950), da Ighil Amda Dam (1953).[20]

Bikin kaddamar da madatsar ruwa a kogin Meghladen ya samu halartar magajin garin, injiniya mai sa ido M. Chauzy, da dan kwangila Auguste Schneider, inda suka nuna muhimmancinsa ga kayayyakin mulkin mallaka.[21]