Dam in Renaissance na Habasha

Dam in Renaissance na Habasha
More pictures
Wuri
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Habasha
Region of Ethiopia (en)	Benishangul-Gumuz Region (en)
Flanked by	Blue Nile
Coordinates	11°12′51″N 35°05′35″E
Altitude (en)	656 m, above sea level
History and use
Opening	2022
Mai-iko	Ethiopian Electric Power (en)
Amfani	hydroelectricity (en)
Karatun gine-gine
Tsawo	155 m
Tsawo	1780 meters
Maximum capacity (en)	6,450 megawatt (en)
Parts	Hanyar Zube: 3

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam ( GERD or TaIHiGe ; Amharic Babban Ruwa , Tigrinya , Oromo ), wanda a da aka sani da Millennium Dam kuma wani lokacin ana kiransa da Hidase Dam ( Amharic , Oromo ), madatsar ruwa ce mai girman nauyi a kan Kogin Blue Nile a Habasha . Madatsar ruwan tana cikin yankin Metekel na yankin Benishangul-Gumuz, kusa da kan iyaka da Sudan .

An gina madatsar ruwan tsakanin 2011 da 2025, babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da wutar lantarki don rage matsalar karancin wutar lantarki da ke addabar Habasha da kuma fitar da wutar lantarki zuwa kasashen makwabta. Da karfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya na gigawatts 5.15, madatsar ruwan ita ce babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a Afirka kuma tana cikin manyan 20 a duniya .

Mataki na farko na cike magudanar ruwa ya fara ne a watan Yulin 2020 kuma a watan Agustan 2020 matakin ruwan ya tashi zuwa mita 540 (mita 40 sama da ƙasan kogin, wanda yake a tsayin mita 500 sama da matakin teku). An kammala mataki na biyu na cike magudanar ruwa a ranar 19 ga Yulin 2021, inda matakan ruwa suka tashi zuwa tsayin mita 575. An kammala cika magudanar ruwa na uku a ranar 12 ga Agustan 2022 zuwa tsayin 600 metres (2,000 ft) . An kammala cika bututun ruwa na huɗu a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2023, inda ruwa ya kai kimanin 625 metres (2,051 ft) . An kammala cika ruwa na biyar kuma na ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2024, tare da matakin ruwa na ƙarshe a tsayin kusan 640 metres (2,100 ft) . A cewar Firayim Minista Injiniya Hailemariam Desalegn, an shirya rantsar da shi a rabin na biyu na 2025.

A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2022, madatsar ruwan ta samar da wutar lantarki a karon farko, inda ta samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 375 zuwa ga tashar wutar lantarki. An fara aikin injin turbin mai karfin MW 375 na biyu a watan Agusta na 2022. An fara aikin injin turbin mai karfin MW 400 na uku a watan Agusta na 2024. An bude madatsar ruwan a hukumance a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2025.

Bayani

Sunan da kogin Blue Nile ke ɗauka a Habasha ("Abay") ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Ge'ez mai suna 'babba' don nuna cewa ita ce 'kogin koguna'. Kalmar Abay har yanzu tana nan a cikin manyan harsunan Habasha don nufin duk wani abu ko duk wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa.

Ofishin Kula da Madatsar Ruwa na Amurka ya gano wurin da aka zaɓa don Babbar Madatsar Ruwa ta Renaissance ta Habasha a lokacin binciken Blue Nile, wanda aka gudanar tsakanin 1956 da 1964 a zamanin Sarki Haile Selassie . Duk da haka, saboda juyin mulkin 1974, mamayar Somaliya a Habasha a 1977-78, da kuma Yaƙin Basasa na Habasha na tsawon shekaru 15, aikin bai ci gaba ba har sai a farkon shekarun 2000. Gwamnatin Habasha ta yi bincike a wurin a watan Oktoba na 2009 da Agusta na 2010. A watan Nuwamba na 2010, an gabatar da tsarin madatsar ruwa.

A ranar 31 ga Maris 2011, kwana guda bayan an bayyana aikin ga jama'a, an kashe dala $4.8. An bayar da kwangilar biliyan ba tare da tayin gasa ba ga kamfanin Salini Impregilo na Italiya, kuma Firayim Minista Meles Zenawi ya aza harsashin ginin madatsar ruwa a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2011. An gina wata masana'antar da ke murkushe duwatsu, tare da ƙaramin filin jirgin sama don jigilar kaya cikin sauri. An yi tsammanin cewa injinan samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu na farko za su fara aiki bayan watanni 44 na ginin, ko kuma farkon 2015.

Misira, tana da nisan sama da 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) a ƙasan wurin, yana adawa da madatsar ruwa, wanda yake ganin zai rage yawan ruwan Nilu da ake da shi ga Masar. Zenawi ya yi jayayya, bisa ga wani bincike da ba a ambaci sunansa ba, cewa madatsar ruwa ba za ta rage yawan ruwan da ke ƙasa ba kuma za ta kuma daidaita ruwan da za a yi amfani da shi wajen ban ruwa. A watan Mayu na 2011, an sanar da cewa Habasha za ta raba zane-zanen madatsar ruwa da Masar domin a iya duba tasirin da ke ƙasa.

Da farko an kira madatsar ruwan da "Aikin X". Bayan an sanar da kwangilarsa, an kira shi da Millennium Dam. A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2011, Majalisar Ministoci ta sake masa suna zuwa Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Habasha tana da damar samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin kusan GW 45. Ana daukar nauyin madatsar ruwan ne ta hanyar takardun gwamnati da kuma gudummawar masu zaman kansu. An shirya kammala shi a watan Yulin 2017.

Kudade

An kiyasta cewa babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha (GERD) zai ci kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 5, kusan kashi 7% na babban hajar kasar Habasha na shekarar 2016.[41] Rashin tallafin kasa da kasa don gudanar da ayyuka a kogin Blue Nile ana danganta shi da yakin Masar na ci gaba da kula da rabon ruwan Nilu.[41] An tilasta wa Habasha ba da tallafin GERD tare da cunkoson jama'a ta hanyar tattara kudade na cikin gida ta hanyar siyar da lamuni da kuma jawo hankalin ma'aikata su ba da gudummawar wani kaso na abin da suke samu.[42] Ana ba da gudummawar a cikin sabon gidan yanar gizon hukuma wanda aka tabbatar ta tabbataccen asusun ofishin Firayim Minista na Habasha[43]

Daga cikin jimillar kuɗin, dalar Amurka biliyan 1 na injin injina da na'urorin lantarki, bankin Exim na kasar Sin ne ya ba da kuɗinsa.[44][45]

Zane

Tsarin ya canza sau da yawa tsakanin 2011 da 2019. Wannan ya shafi duka sigogin lantarki da na ajiya.

Tun da farko, a cikin 2011, tashar samar da wutar lantarki za ta karbi raka'a 15 masu samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 350 kowannensu, wanda ya haifar da yawan wutar lantarki na 5,250 MW tare da tsammanin samar da wutar lantarki na 15,128 GWh a kowace shekara.[46] An kara karfin samar da wutar lantarkin da aka tsara zuwa 6,000MW, ta hanyar na'urori masu samar da wutar lantarki guda 16 masu karfin megawatt 375 kowanne. An kiyasta samar da wutar lantarki da ake sa ran zai kai 15,692 GWh a kowace shekara. A cikin 2017, an sake canza ƙirar don ƙara wani 450 MW na jimlar 6,450 MW, tare da shirin samar da wutar lantarki na 16,153 GWh kowace shekara.[47][48] Hakan ya samu ne ta hanyar inganta 14 daga cikin 16 masu samar da wutar lantarki daga megawatt 375 zuwa megawatt 400 ba tare da canza karfin da ake bukata ba.[49] A cewar wani babban jami'in Habasha, a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 2019,[4] ikon samar da wutar lantarki na GERD yanzu ya zama 5,150 MW, tare da injin turbines 13 (2x 375 MW da 11x 400 MW) [50] ƙasa daga turbines 16.

Ba wai kawai sigogin wutar lantarki sun canza akan lokaci ba, har ma da sigogin ajiya. Asali, a cikin 2011, an shirya dam ɗin ya zama tsayin mita 145 (476 ft) tare da girma na 10.1 miliyan m³. An tsara tafkin ya kasance yana da girman 66 km3 (acre⋅ft 54,000,000) da fili mai fadin kilomita 1,680 (650 mi2) a cikakken matakin samar da kayayyaki. Dam ɗin da ke cike da dutsen da ke gefen babban dam ɗin an tsara shi don samun tsayin mita 45 (148 ft) tsayin mita 4,800 (15,700 ft) da girma na 15 miliyan m³.[24][51].

A shekarar 2013, kungiyar Independent Panel of Experts (IPoE) assessed the dam and its technological parameters. A lokacin, an riga an canza girman tafki. Girman tafki a cikakken matakin wadata ya haura zuwa 1,874 km2 (724 mi2), karuwa na 194 km2 (75 sq mi). Adadin ajiya a cikakken matakin samar da kayayyaki ya karu zuwa 74 km3 (acre⋅ft 60,000,000), karuwar 7 km3 (1.7 cu mi).[52]. Waɗannan lambobin ba su canza ba bayan 2013. Girman ajiya na 74 km3 (60,000,000 acre⋅ft) yana wakiltar kusan dukkanin 84 km3 (68,000,000 acre⋅ft) na shekara-shekara na kogin Nilu.[50]

Bayan da IPoE ya ba da shawarwarinsa, a cikin 2013, an canza ma'auni na madatsar ruwa don lissafin mafi girma girma girma idan akwai matsanancin ambaliyar ruwa: babban madatsar ruwa na 155 m (509 ft), karuwa na 10 m (33 ft), tare da tsawon 1,780 m (5,840 × ft) (babu canji) da mita 10.3 cubic girma na 6 cubic girma da 10.3 cubic girma. ft), karuwa na 100,000 m3 (3,500,000 cu ft). Ma'auni na fitarwa ba su canza ba, kawai kullun babban dam ya tashi. Dutsen sirdi dam ya haura zuwa tsayin mita 50 (160 ft), karuwar mita 5 (16 ft), tare da tsawon 5,200 m (17,100 ft), karuwar mita 400 (1,300 ft). Girman dam ɗin sirdi na dutse ya ƙaru zuwa mita cubic miliyan 16.5 (580×106 cu ft), haɓakar mita cubic miliyan 1.5 (53×106 cu ft).[52][53]

Dam biyu

Matsayin sifili na babban madatsar ruwa, matakin ƙasa, yana kan wani tsayin kusan mita 500 (1,600 ft) sama da matakin teku, daidai da matakin gadon kogin Blue Nile. Ƙididdigar daga matakin ƙasa, babban dam ɗin nauyi yana da tsayi 145 m (476 ft) tsayi, 1,780 m (5,840 ft) tsayi kuma ya ƙunshi siminti mai nadi.[5][13]. Ƙarfin dam ɗin yana kan wani tsayin mita 655 (2,149 ft) sama da matakin teku. Wuraren wutar lantarki guda biyu suna ƙasa da matakin ƙasa, don haka tsayin dam ɗin mai tsayin mita 175 (574 ft) ya ɗan fi tsayin dam ɗin. Girman tsarin dam ɗin shine 10,400,000 m3 (13,600,000 cu yd). Babban madatsar ruwa yana da nisan kilomita 14 (mil 9) daga kan iyaka da Sudan.

Taimakawa babban madatsar ruwa da tafki shine mai lanƙwasa mai tsawon kilomita 4.9 (mita 3) da tsayin mita 50 (164) babban dutse mai cike da sirdi.[54] Matsayin ƙasa na dam ɗin sirdi yana kan wani tsayin kusan mita 600 (2,000) sama da matakin teku. Filayen kankare ne don kiyaye cikin bushewa. Dam din sirdi yana da nisan kilomita 3.3 – 3.5 (2–2 mi) daga kan iyaka da Sudan, kusa da kan iyaka fiye da babban madatsar ruwa.

Tafkin da ke bayan madatsun ruwa guda biyu yana da karfin ajiya mai girman kilomita 74 (acre⋅ft 60,000,000) da kuma fadin kasa 1,874 km2 (724 mi2) lokacin da yake da cikakkiyar wadatar da ke sama da matakin teku na 640 m (2,100 ft) sama da matakin teku.[55]. Saboda haka cikakken matakin samar da kayayyaki yana da mita 140 (460 ft) sama da matakin ƙasa na babban dam. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana faruwa tsakanin matakan tafki na 590 m (1,940 ft), abin da ake kira mafi ƙarancin aiki, da 640 m (2,100 ft), cikakken matakin wadata. Adadin ajiya mai rai, wanda ake amfani dashi don samar da wutar lantarki tsakanin matakan biyu shine 59.2 km3 (acre⋅ft 48,000,000). Tsayin dam ɗin ya kai mita 90 na farko (ƙafa 300) tsayin dam ɗin ya mutu, wanda ke haifar da mataccen adadin ajiyar tafki mai girman 14.8 km3 (acre⋅ft 12,000,000).[52].

Hanyoyi uku

Aikin yana da magudanar ruwa guda uku, na farko da aka yi amfani da shi kusan mita 18,000 na siminti. Wadannan magudanar ruwa tare an tsara su har zuwa 30,200 m3/s (1,070,000 cu ft/s), mai yuwuwar aukuwar ambaliya.[56] Dukkanin ruwan da ke cikin magudanar ruwa guda uku zai kwarara zuwa cikin kogin Blue Nile kafin kogin ya shiga cikin kasar Sudan.

Babban titin malalar yana hannun hagu na babban madatsar ruwa kuma ana sarrafa shi da ƙofofin ruwa guda shida tare da fitar da ƙirar ƙira na 14,700 m3/s (520,000 cu ft/s) gabaɗaya. Titin da aka zubar yana da faɗin 84 m (276 ft) a ƙofofin fita. Matsayin tushe na sill ɗin zube yana a 624.9 m (2,050 ft), yana ƙasa da cikakken matakin wadata.

Wata hanyar zubar da ruwa da ba ta cika ba, titin mai taimako, yana zaune a tsakiyar babban dam tare da buɗaɗɗen faɗin kusan m 225 (738 ft) da fitarwar ƙira na 2,800 m3/s (99,000 cu ft/s).[57] Wannan magudanar ruwa yana da matakin tushe a 640 m (2,100 ft), wanda shine daidai matakin samar da tafki. Ƙarfin dam ɗin yana da tsayin mita 15 (49 ft) a ɓangarorin biyu na titin. Ana sa ran za a yi amfani da wannan magudanar ruwa da ba a buɗe ba lokacin da tafki ya cika kuma ruwan ya wuce 14,700 m3/s (520,000 cu ft/s), ƙimar kwararar da aka yi hasashen za ta wuce sau ɗaya a kowace shekara goma.

Hanya ta uku, hanyar zubar da gaggawa, tana hannun dama na madatsar ruwa mai lankwasa, tare da matakin tushe a 642 m (2,106 ft). Wannan titin na gaggawa yana da buɗaɗɗen nisa kusan 1,200 m (3,900 ft) tare da bakinsa. Wannan malalar ta uku za ta fitar da ruwa idan ruwan kogin ya wuce 18,000 m3/s (640,000 cu ft/s), wanda ya yi daidai da aukuwar ambaliya sau daya a kowace shekara 1000[58].

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da rarrabawa

Ƙwaƙwalwar kowane gefen hanyar da ba ta da ƙarfi a tsakiyar dam ɗin gidaje ne masu wutan lantarki guda biyu, waɗanda aka sanye da injin injin injin injin Francis 2 x 375 MW da injin turbine 11 x 400 MW.[50] Jimlar ƙarfin da aka girka tare da duk injin injin injin zai zama 5,150 MW. Matsakaicin yawan kwararar kogin Blue Nile da ake samu don samar da wutar lantarki ana sa ran zai zama 1,547 m3/s (54,600 cu ft/s), [52] wanda ke haifar da tsammanin samar da wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara na 16,153 GWh, wanda ya dace da ma'aunin nauyin shuka (ko ma'aunin ƙarfin aiki) na 28.6%.

Ana shigar da injin turbin na Francis da ke cikin gidajen wutar lantarki a tsaye, suna tashi 7 m (23 ft) sama da matakin ƙasa. Don aiki tsakanin ƙananan matakin aiki da cikakken matakin samar da ruwa, ruwan da ake samu ga turbines yana tsakanin 83-133 m (272-436 ft). Wurin canja wuri yana kusa da babban madatsar ruwa, inda ake isar da wutar da aka samar zuwa ga grid na kasa. An kammala manyan layukan wutar lantarki mai karfin kV hudu a watan Agustan 2017, dukkansu suna zuwa Holeta sannan tare da layukan kV 400 da yawa zuwa yankin babban birnin Addis Ababa.[59] Layukan kV guda biyu masu nauyin kilogiram 400 suna gudana daga madatsar ruwan zuwa tashar wutar lantarki ta Beles. Har ila yau, an tsara shi ne 500 kV high-voltage direct current Lines.

Farkon samar da wutar lantarki

Na’urorin samar da injina guda biyu wadanda ba a inganta su ba tare da megawatt 375 su ne suka fara aiki tare da isar da megawatt 750 zuwa tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta kasa, an fara amfani da injin turbin na farko a watan Fabrairun 2022[20] sannan na biyu a watan Agustan 2022.[21] Raka'a biyun suna zaune a cikin gidan wuta na raka'a 10 zuwa gefen dama na dam. Ana ciyar da su ta hanyar abinci na musamman guda biyu a cikin tsarin dam da ke da tsayin 540 m (1,770 ft) sama da matakin teku. An fara samar da wutar lantarki a matakin ruwa na 560 m (1,840 ft), 30 m (98 ft) ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin matakin aiki na sauran injin injin turbine 11. A wannan matakin, tafki ya cika da kusan kilomita 5.5 (1.3 cumi) na ruwa, wanda ya yi daidai da kusan kashi 11% na shigowar shekara-shekara na 48.8 km3 (11.7 cu mi). A lokacin damina, wannan na iya faruwa cikin kwanaki zuwa makonni. An kammala cika matakin farko na tafki don ƙarni na farko a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2020.[60][61]

Tiriri

Biyu "ƙasa" kantuna a 542 m (1,778 ft) sama da matakin teku ko 42 m (138 ft) sama da matakin gado na gida suna samuwa don isar da ruwa zuwa Sudan da Masar a cikin yanayi na musamman, musamman don dalilai na ban ruwa a ƙasa, idan matakin tafki ya faɗi ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin aiki matakin 590 m (1,940 ft na farko) tafki.

Wurin da ke ƙasa da kantunan "ƙasa" shine wuri na farko na buffer don alluvium ta siltation da rarrabuwa. Don Tafkin Roseires daga ƙasa daga rukunin GERD, matsakaicin siltation da ɗigon ruwa (ba tare da GERD a wurin ba) ya kai kusan 0.035 km3 (acre⋅ft 28,000) kowace shekara. Saboda girman girman tafki na GERD, ana sa ran silinsa da ƙarar daɗaɗɗensa zai fi girma, 0.21 km3 (acre⋅ft 170,000) a kowace shekara.[52][62] Tafkin GERD tabbas zai kawar da duk wata barazanar sila daga tafkin Roseires.

Tushen madatsar ruwa ta GERD yana da nisan kusan mita 500 (1,600 ft) sama da matakin teku. Za a sake sake fitar da ruwa daga dam zuwa cikin Blue Nile wanda ke gudana kusan kilomita 30 (19 mi), kafin shiga cikin tafki na Roseires, wanda - a matsakaicin matakin - zai kasance a 490 m (1,610 ft) sama da matakin teku. Akwai kawai 10 m (33 ft) kogin hawan kogin tsakanin ayyukan biyu. Tafkunan biyu da ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na rakiyar na iya - idan an daidaita su yadda ya kamata a kan iyakar Habasha da Sudan - su zama wani tsarin da ba a taba gani ba don samar da wutar lantarki mai inganci da ingantaccen ban ruwa (a Sudan musamman). Ana iya karkatar da ruwa daga ginshiƙi mai tsayin mita 140 (460) na ma'ajiyar ruwa na tafki na GERD ta hanyar ramukan ruwa don sauƙaƙe sabbin hanyoyin ban ruwa a Sudan kusa da kan iyaka da Sudan ta Kudu.

Ana sa ran fitar da ruwa daga tafki zai kasance a kashi 3% na yawan shigowar ruwa na shekara-shekara na 48.8 km3 (11.7 cu mi), ko 1.5 km3 (0.36 cu mi) kowace shekara.[63] IPoE ta yi la'akari da hakan ba shi da komai.[52] Don kwatantawa, Tafkin Nasser na Masar yana yin hasarar tsakanin 10-16 km3 (2.4–3.8 cu mi) kowace shekara ta hanyar ƙashin ruwa.[64]

Ginawa

Babban dan kwangilar GERD shine kamfanin kasar Italiya Webuild (tsohon Salini Impregilo), wanda kuma ya kasance dan kwangila na farko na madatsun ruwa na Gilgel Gibe II, Gilgel Gibe III da Tana Beles. Simegnew Bekele shi ne manajan ayyuka na GERD tun daga farkon aikin gini a shekarar 2011 har zuwa rasuwarsa a ranar 26 ga watan Yulin 2018. A watan Oktoban wannan shekarar ne aka maye gurbinsa da Kifle Horo. Dam din na bukatar siminti miliyan 10, wanda gwamnati ta yi alkawarin amfani da noman cikin gida kawai. A cikin Maris 2012, Salini ya ba kamfanin Tratos Cavi SPA na Italiya kwangila don samar da ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi don dam.[53][65] Alstom ya samar da injinan injin Francis guda takwas don kashi na farko na aikin, akan kudi Yuro miliyan 250.[66] Ya zuwa watan Afrilun 2013, kusan kashi 32 cikin 100 na aikin ya kammala, tare da tono wuraren da kuma wasu siminti. An kammala ginin siminti ɗaya tare da wani da ake ginawa[67]. An kammala karkatar da kogin Blue Nile a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2013 kuma an yi bikin bikin a wannan rana.[68]

A watan Oktobar 2019, aikin ya kusan kammala kashi 70%.[69] Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekarar 2020, aikin karafa ya kai kashi 35%, ayyukan farar hula sun kammala kashi 87% yayin da ayyukan injiniyoyi na lantarki suka kammala kashi 17%, don cimma kashi 71% na ginin da aka kammala a cewar Belachew Kasa, Mataimakin Darakta.[70].

A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2020, Masar, Sudan da Habasha sun amince su jinkirta cika tafki na wasu makonni.[71] Bayan wata guda, a ranar 21 ga Yuli, Firayim Ministan Habasha, Abiy Ahmed, ya sanar da cewa an kammala kashi na farko na cike tafki.[72] An danganta cika da wuri da ruwan sama mai yawa. A cikin bayaninsa, Abiy ya bayyana cewa, "Mun yi nasarar kammala cika madatsar ruwa ta farko ba tare da damu da cutar da kowa ba, yanzu dam din yana malalowa a kasa"[72]. Makasudin cika a shekarar farko shine biliyan 4.9 m³, yayin da madatsar ruwan ke da karfin rike biliyan 74 m³ idan an kammala shi.[73]

Kashi na farko na cika tafki ya fara ne a watan Yuli 2020, zuwa zurfin zurfin mita 70 (230 ft) ta amfani da sill na wucin gadi. Ana buƙatar ƙarin aikin gini kafin a cika tafki zuwa matakin da ake buƙata don samar da wutar lantarki.[1][13] Bayan haka, an ba da rahoton cewa zai ɗauki tsakanin shekaru 4 zuwa 7 don cika da ruwa, [74] ya danganta da yanayin ruwa yayin lokacin cikawa.[75]

An kammala kashi na biyu na cika tafki na GERD a ranar 19 ga Yuli 2021, [76] tare da alkaluma na kaiwa matakin mita 573 (1,880 ft) (am.s.l) da kiyayewa fiye da 4.5 km3 (1.1 cumi) a wannan matakin.[77][78]. A wannan lokacin, yawan ruwan da ke cikin tafki na GERD ya kusan kusan m³ biliyan 4.12, wanda aka auna ta amfani da hotuna daga tauraron dan adam Sentinel-1A.[79]

A watan Fabrairun 2021, Ministan Ruwa da Ban ruwa na Habasha, Seleshi Bekele, ya ambata cewa aikin injiniya ya kai kashi 91%, yayin da jimillar ginin ya kai kashi 78.3%.[80] A watan Mayun 2021, Ministan Ruwa da Ban ruwa Seleshi Bekele ya ambata cewa kashi 80% na aikin gina madatsar ruwa an kammala.[81] Ciko na uku na tafki na GERD ya kai ga ƙarshe a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2022, ya kai tsayin mita 600 (ft2,000).[15] Tun daga watan Afrilu 2023, Ofishin Haɗin kai na ƙasar Habasha ya sanar da cewa an kammala kashi 90% na ginin.[82] Daga baya, an kammala cika na huɗu akan 10 Satumba 2023, tare da matakan ruwa sun kai kusan mita 625 (2,051 ft).[16]

A watan Maris na 2024 gabanin cika shekaru 13 da aza harsashin ginin madatsar ruwa ta Renaissance, aikin ya kai kashi 95%, wanda ya hada da cikar kashi 98.9% na ayyukan farar hula da kashi 78% na aikin injin lantarki.[83] A halin da ake ciki dai, aikin samar da wutar lantarkin ya yi amfani da karfin megawatts 540, inda na’urori biyu suka samu sauki, inda a karshe aka yi shirin samar da megawatts 5,150. Bugu da ƙari kuma, dam ɗin yana riƙe da ruwa biliyan 42 m³, adadin da aka yi hasashen zai haura biliyan 74 m³ idan an kammala shi[84]. Daga baya waccan shekarar, a ranar 17 ga Yuli, cika na biyar ya fara da burin kammalawa a watan Satumba. An saita tafki don ɗaukar ruwa biliyan 64 m³, tare da matakansa ya kai kusan mita 640 (2,100 ft).[85]. A karshen watan Oktoban 2024, Firayim Minista Abiy Ahmed ya sanar a majalisar dokokin cewa an kammala aikin gina madatsar ruwa[86]. Ƙarin injiniyoyi sun zo kan layi tun lokacin, injin turbin na shida ya fara tsarawa a cikin Fabrairu 2025.[87] Ya zuwa Afrilu 2025, dam din ya kai kashi 98.66%, inda injina guda shida ke aiki.[88] An gudanar da bikin yanke kintinkiri don kaddamar da madatsar ruwa a ranar 9 ga Satumba 2025.[89]

Rigingimu

Tambayoyin injiniya

A cikin 2012, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya tare da masana daga Masar, Sudan, Habasha da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don tattauna yawancin aikin injiniya da kuma wani bangare na tambayoyi masu tasiri. Wannan rukunin ya ƙare a wasu gyare-gyaren injiniya, waɗanda aka ba da shawara ga Habasha da babban dan kwangilar gina madatsar ruwa. Daya daga cikin manyan tambayoyin injiniya guda biyu, da suka shafi girman abubuwan da suka faru na ambaliyar ruwa da kuma martani mai ma'ana a kansu, daga baya dan kwangilar ya yi jawabi. Matsalolin gaggawar da ke kusa da dam ɗin sirdi na dutsen ya ga karuwar tsayin daka daga mita 300 zuwa mita 1,200 don yin la'akari har ma da babbar ambaliyar kogin.

Babban shawarwari na biyu na kwamitin duk da haka bai sami wani ƙuduri nan da nan ba. Wannan shawarar ta biyu ta yi magana ne game da ingancin tsarin dam a cikin mahallin da ke ƙarƙashin dutsen da ke ƙasa don guje wa haɗarin dam ɗin zamewa saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali. Kwamitin ya yi gardama cewa binciken da aka yi na asali ya yi la'akari da tarin dutse kawai ba tare da ɗaukar yanayi na musamman kamar kurakurai da jirage masu zamewa a cikin ginin dutsen (gneiss) cikin lissafi ba. Kwamitin ya lura cewa lallai akwai wani jirgin sama mai zamewa da aka fallasa a cikin ginshikin dutsen, tare da yuwuwar haifar da hanyar zamiya a kasa. Kwamitin bai yi gardama ba cewa rashin nasarar dam da aka samu tare da sakin dumbin ruwa na kilomitoci masu tarin yawa zai yiwu, mai yiyuwa ko ma mai yiwuwa, amma ya yi gardamar cewa abin da ya shafi tsaro game da guje wa irin wannan mummunar gazawar na iya zama mara kyau a yanayin dam din Renaissance na Habasha.[52] Daga baya an bayyana cewa ginshikin dam din ya sha bamban da duk abin da ake tsammani kuma bai dace da nazarin yanayin kasa ba saboda ayyukan hako da ake bukata sun fallasa gneiss din da ke karkashinsa. Sa'an nan kuma dole ne a daidaita ayyukan injiniya, tare da tono da tono zurfi fiye da yadda aka tsara a farko, wanda ya ɗauki ƙarin lokaci da iya aiki kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin siminti.[90]

Zargi fiye da kima

Tun da farko, a cikin 2011, tashar samar da wutar lantarki za ta karbi raka'a 15 masu samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 350 kowannensu, wanda ya haifar da jimlar karfin 5,250 MW tare da tsammanin samar da wutar lantarki 15,128 GWh a kowace shekara.[46] Matsakaicin ƙarfin aikin tashar wutar lantarki da aka tsara - samar da wutar lantarki da ake sa ran ya raba da yuwuwar samar da wutar lantarki idan aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki ta dindindin a cikin cikakken iko - ya kasance 32.9% kawai idan aka kwatanta da 45-60% na sauran, ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki a Habasha. Masu suka sun kammala cewa ƙaramin dam ɗin zai kasance mafi tsada.[46]

Ba da jimawa ba, a cikin 2012, an inganta tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar samar da raka'a 16 da ke da karfin 375MW kowannensu, wanda ya kara yawan karfin da aka girka zuwa 6,000 MW, tare da samar da wutar lantarki da ake sa ran zai haura kadan zuwa 15,692 GWh a kowace shekara. Sakamakon haka, ƙarfin ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa 29.9%. A cewar Asfaw Beyene, farfesa a fannin injiniyan injiniya a Jami’ar San Diego da ke California, madatsar ruwan da tashar wutar lantarkin ta na da yawa: “Irin wutar lantarkin da GERD ke samu, dangane da matsakaicin kwararar kogin cikin shekara da tsayin dam, ya kai megawatts 2,000, ba 6,000 ba. Yin niyya kusa da kololuwar kololuwar yanayi ba shi da ma'ana ta tattalin arziki."[91][92].

A cikin 2017, jimlar ƙarfin da aka girka an ƙaura zuwa 6,450 MW, ba tare da canza lamba da ikon farantin sunayen na'urorin samar da su ba (wanda ya kasance a kan 6,000 MW gabaɗaya). An yi tunanin wannan ya zo ne daga kayan haɓakawa da aka yi wa janareta.[10] Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake tsammanin a kowace shekara ya haura zuwa 16,153 GWh, [47] ƙarfin ƙarfin ya sake raguwa kuma ya kai 28.6%. A wannan karon babu wanda ya fito fili ya bayyana damuwa. Irin wannan inganta injin turbin na Francis da aka yi amfani da shi a wurin dam hakika mai yiwuwa ne kuma mai samar da injin din yana yin la'akari da takamaiman yanayi.

Idan aka yi la'akari da masu sukar da aka yi game da zargin girman girman yiwuwar samar da wutar lantarki, yanzu ya kai MW 6,450. Habasha na dogara kacokan akan wutar lantarki, amma a galibi fari ne ke shafar kasar (duba misali fari na 2011 na Gabashin Afrika). Tafkunan ruwa da ake amfani da su don samar da wutar lantarki a Habasha suna da iyakataccen girma. Misali, tafki na Gilgel Gibe I, wanda ke ciyar da tashar wutar lantarki ta Gilgel Gibe I da tashar wutar lantarki ta Gilgel Gibe II, tana da karfin 0.7 km3. A lokacin fari, babu ruwan da ya rage don samar da wutar lantarki. Wannan ya shafi Habasha sosai a cikin shekarun fari na 2015/16 kuma ita ce kawai tashar wutar lantarki ta Gilgel Gibe III, a cikin 2016 kawai ta fara aikin gwaji a kan wani tafki mai nisan kilomita 14 mai kyau, wanda ya ceci tattalin arzikin Habasha.[90] Tafkin GERD, da zarar an cika shi, yana da jimlar yawan ruwan da ya kai kilomita 74, wanda ya ninka tafkin Tana mafi girma a Habasha sau 3. Cika shi yana ɗaukar shekaru 5-15 kuma ko da ta hanyar amfani da duk raka'a masu haɓakawa a matsakaicin iya aiki ba zai zubar da shi cikin 'yan watanni ba. Wutar wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 6,450 a hade tare da girman tafki zai taimaka wajen magance illolin fari mai tsanani na gaba, lokacin da sauran kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki suka daina ayyukansu.

Mutuwa

Ministan Ruwa da Makamashi na Habasha, Habtamu Itefa, ya yi iƙirarin cewa kimanin ma'aikatan Habasha 15,000 ne aka ruwaito sun mutu a tsawon shekaru 14 na aikin dam ɗin.[93][94] Sai dai manyan injiniyoyin da ke aikin sun karyata lambar, inda suka kira ta da “raguwar fassara”, kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa adadin wadanda suka mutu ya yi kadan, mai yiwuwa kasa da 100.[95].

Tsaro a kusa da madatsar ruwa

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda barazanar kai harin da jiragen saman Masar suka yi kan madatsar ruwan, gwamnatin Habasha ta nemi tare da sayen wasu na'urorin tsaron iska daga Rasha, ciki har da na'urorin tsaron iska na Pantsir-S1, da kuma na Isra'ila, ciki har da na'urar tsaron sararin samaniyar SPYDER-MR da aka girka a madatsar ruwan. Masar ta nemi ta hana sayar da ita tsakanin Isra'ila da Habasha amma Isra'ila ta yi watsi da bukatar.[96][97][98][99][100]

Amfani

Babban amfanin dam din zai samu shine samar da wutar lantarki. Dukkanin makamashin da GERD ke samarwa zai shiga cikin rukunin kasar Habasha don cikakken tallafawa ci gaban kasar baki daya, a yankunan karkara da birane. Matsayin GERD zai kasance aiki a matsayin kashin baya na grid na ƙasar Habasha. Za a yi fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, amma sai idan aka samu jimillar rarar makamashin da ake samarwa a Habasha. Ana sa ran hakan zai faru ne a lokacin damina, lokacin da ake samun ruwa mai yawa don samar da wutar lantarki.[90]

Ragowar wutar lantarki na GERD wanda bai dace da bukatar da ake bukata a cikin Habasha ba, sannan za a sayar da shi a fitar da shi zuwa kasashe makwabta da suka hada da Sudan da watakila Masar, amma har da Djibouti.[101] Fitar da wutar lantarki daga madatsar ruwan zai bukaci gina manyan layukan sadarwa zuwa manyan cibiyoyin da ake amfani da su kamar Khartoum babban birnin Sudan, wanda ke da nisan sama da kilomita 400 daga madatsar ruwan. Wadannan tallace-tallacen na fitar da kayayyaki za su zo ne a kan wutar lantarki da ake sa ran za a sayar da su daga wasu manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki. Tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka shirya ko ake ginawa a Habasha, kamar Gilgel Gibe III ko Koysha, waɗanda kayan da ake fitarwa (idan aka ba su rarar makamashi) galibi za su je Kenya ta layin HVDC mai nauyin kV 500.

Girman tafki zai ninka na tafkin Tana sau biyu zuwa uku. Ana sa ran girbi har tan 7,000 na kifi a duk shekara. Tafkin na iya zama wurin yawon bude ido[102].

Sudan ta yi tsammanin za a samu raguwar ambaliya albarkacin madatsar ruwan, amma ba a fara ganin hakan ba.[103][104]

Tasirin muhalli da zamantakewa

Kungiyar NGO ta kasa da kasa ta umurci wani mai bincike na gida don yin ziyarar gani da ido saboda kadan bayanan tasirin muhalli ke samuwa a bainar jama'a.[105]

Shawarar jama'a game da madatsun ruwa a Habasha ya shafi yanayin siyasa a kasar. International Rivers rahoton cewa "tattaunawa da kungiyoyin farar hula a Habasha ya nuna cewa tambaya game da tsare-tsare na makamashi na gwamnati yana da matukar haɗari, kuma akwai matsalolin da suka dace na zalunci na gwamnati. Saboda wannan yanayin siyasa, babu wata ƙungiya da ke bibiyar batutuwan da ke tattare da madatsun ruwa na ruwa, ko kuma nuna damuwa a bainar jama'a game da hadarin da ke cikin wannan halin da ake ciki, musamman iyaka da rashin isasshen shawarwarin jama'a dams [1] an aiwatar da shi a lokacin aiwatarwa.

A watan Yunin 2011, an daure 'yar jaridar Habasha, Reeyot Alemu, bayan ta yi tambayoyi game da shirin gina madatsar ruwa ta Millennium. Ma'aikatan Rivers na kasa da kasa sun karbi barazanar kisa.

Tasiri kan Habasha

Tunda kogin Blue Nile babban kogi ne na yanayi, dam din zai rage ambaliya daga cikin dam[108] gami da kan nisan kilomita 15 a cikin Habasha. Rage ambaliya yana da fa'ida tunda yana kare ƙauyuka daga lalacewa. Duk da haka, yana iya yin illa idan aka yi aikin noman koma bayan tattalin arziki a cikin kwarin kogin da ke ƙasan dam ɗin tun da ya hana gonakin ruwa. Ruwa na gaba da ke daidaita madatsar ruwa a Sudan, madatsar ruwan Roseires, tana da nisan kilomita goma sha biyu kacal. Dam din zai iya zama wata gada ta ratsa kogin Blue Nile, wanda zai hada gadar da ake ginawa a shekarar 2009 a gaba.[109] Wani kiyasi mai zaman kansa ya yi kiyasin cewa a kalla mutane 5,110 ne za a tsugunar da su daga tafki da magudanar ruwa, kuma ana sa ran dam din zai haifar da gagarumin sauyi a yanayin kifin.[105]

A cewar wani mai bincike mai zaman kansa wanda ya gudanar da bincike a yankin, mutane 20,000 ne ake tsugunar da su. A cewar majiyar, "tsari mai tsauri (yana da) ga mutanen da aka sake tsugunar da su" da kuma wadanda aka sake tsugunar da su "an ba su fiye da yadda suke tsammani a matsayin diyya". Al’ummar yankin dai ba su taba ganin madatsar ruwa a baya ba kuma “ba su da cikakken tabbacin menene madatsar ruwa a zahiri”, duk da tarukan da al’ummar yankin suka yi inda aka sanar da mutanen da abin ya shafa kan illar da madatsar ke yi ga rayuwarsu. Sai dai wasu tsofaffi, kusan dukkan mutanen yankin sun yi hira da su "sun nuna fatan cewa aikin ya kawo musu wani abu mai amfani" ta fuskar ilimi da kiwon lafiya ko samar da wutar lantarki bisa bayanan da suke da su. Aƙalla wasu sabbin al'ummomi na waɗanda aka ƙaura za su kasance a ƙarƙashin dam ɗin. Wurin da ke kusa da tafki zai kunshi wani yanki mai nisan kilomita 5 don magance zazzabin cizon sauro wanda ba zai yiwu ba don daidaitawa. Aƙalla wasu wuraren da ke sama za a aiwatar da matakan kiyaye zaizayar ƙasa domin rage zubewar tafki.[110]

Tasiri kan Sudan da Masar

Ba a san takamaiman tasirin da dam din zai yi a kasashen da ke karkashin ruwa ba. Masar na fargabar raguwar samar da ruwa na wucin gadi saboda cika ma'ajiyar tafki da raguwa na dindindin saboda fitar da ruwa daga tafki. Bincike ya nuna cewa, muhimman abubuwan da za su yi tasiri a lokacin da ake cika tafki, sun hada da matakin farko na tafki na babban madatsar ruwa ta Aswan, da ruwan sama da ke faruwa a lokacin cika, da yarjejeniyar da aka cimma tsakanin kasashen uku. Wadannan binciken kuma sun nuna cewa za a iya rage ko kawar da illar illa idan kasashen uku suka ci gaba da hada kai da juna.[75] Girman tafki (kilomita cubic 74) shine kusan sau 1.5 na matsakaicin kwararar shekara (kilomita 49) na Blue Nile a iyakar Masar da Sudan. Wannan hasarar da aka samu ga kasashen da ke karkashin ruwa na iya yaduwa cikin shekaru da dama idan kasashen suka cimma matsaya.

Dangane da ajiyar farko a babban madatsar ruwa ta Aswan da kuma wannan jadawalin cika na GERD, za a iya rage kwararar ruwa zuwa Masar na wani dan lokaci,[63] wanda zai iya shafar rayuwar manoma miliyan biyu a lokacin cike tafki. Wai kuma "zai shafi wutar lantarkin Masar da kashi 25% zuwa 40%, yayin da ake gina madatsar ruwa"[111]. Duk da haka, makamashin ruwa ya kai kasa da kashi 12 cikin 100 na yawan wutar lantarki da ake samarwa a Masar a shekarar 2010 (14 daga cikin biliyan 121 kWh), [112] ta yadda raguwar wucin gadi na kashi 25 cikin 100 na samar da wutar lantarki ya zama raguwar wucin gadi na samar da wutar lantarki na Masar daga kasa da kashi 3% zuwa kasa da 5%, bi da bi.

Babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha na iya haifar da raguwar ruwan na dindindin a tafkin Nasser idan aka ajiye ambaliya maimakon a Habasha. Hakan zai rage fitar da ruwa sama da kilomita 10 a kowace shekara, sannan rage mita 3 na ruwan zai kuma rage karfin samar da wutar lantarki na babban Dam din Aswan da megawatt 100. Duk da haka, idan kasashen za su iya cimma matsaya, yawan ajiyar da aka samu a Habasha zai iya samar da babban tanadi ga karanci a Sudan da Masar a cikin shekarun fari na gaba.[78]

Dam din zai rike kasa. Ta haka za ta kara amfani da rayuwar madatsun ruwa a Sudan - kamar Dam din Roseires, Dam Sennar da Dam Merowe - da na Babban Dam na Aswan a Masar. Amfani da illolin da ke tattare da magance ambaliya zai shafi yankin Sudan na kogin Blue Nile, kamar yadda zai shafi bangaren Habasha na kwarin Blue Nile da ke karkashin dam din.[113] Musamman, GERD za ta rage yawan ambaliya na yanayi na yanayi da ke kewaye da tafki na Dam Roseires da ke Ad-Damazin, kamar yadda madatsar ruwa ta Tekeze, ta hanyar ajiye tafki a cikin zurfin kwazazzabai na arewacin tsaunukan Habasha, ya rage ambaliya a Dam din Khashm el-Girba na Sudan.[114][55]

Tafkin, wanda yake a cikin tsaunukan Habasha masu tsananin zafi kuma har zuwa zurfin mita 140, zai fuskanci karancin ruwa fiye da magudanan ruwa na kasa kamar tafkin Nasser na Masar, wanda ke rasa kashi 12% na kwararar ruwansa sakamakon fitar da ruwa yayin da ruwan ke zaune a tafkin tsawon watanni 10. Ta hanyar sarrafa fitar da ruwa daga tafki zuwa kasa, hakan na iya saukaka samun karuwar kashi 5% a cikin ruwan Masar, da kuma mai yiwuwa na Sudan ma.[115]

Martani: hadin kai da la'anci

Masar tana da matukar damuwa game da aikin;[117] [118] don haka ta bukaci a ba ta izinin dubawa kan zane da kuma nazarin dam din, domin kawar da fargabar da take da shi, amma Habasha ta ki amincewa da bukatar sai dai Masar din ta yi watsi da matakin da ta dauka kan rabon ruwa[119]. Bayan ganawar da ministocin ruwa na Masar, Sudan da Habasha suka yi a watan Maris din shekarar 2012, shugaba Bashir na Sudan ya ce yana goyon bayan gina madatsar ruwa[120].

Yarjejeniyar Nilu da manyan kasashen kogi suka rattabawa hannu a shekarar 2010, Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Haɗin kai,[121] ko dai Masar ko Sudan ba su sanya hannu ba, saboda suna iƙirarin cewa ya saba wa yarjejeniyar 1959, [122] wadda Sudan da Masar suka ba wa kansu keɓantaccen hakki ga duk ruwan kogin Nilu.[123] Shirin Basin Nilu ya samar da tsarin tattaunawa tsakanin dukkan kasashen da ke gabar kogin Nilu.[114]

Masar, Habasha, da Sudan sun kafa kwamitin kwararru na kasa da kasa don yin nazari tare da tantance rahotannin binciken madatsar ruwa. Kwamitin ya kunshi mambobi 10; 6 daga kasashe uku da 4 na duniya a fannonin albarkatun ruwa da samfurin ruwa, injiniyan madatsar ruwa, tattalin arziki da muhalli.[113]. Kwamitin ya gudanar da taronsa na hudu a birnin Addis Ababa a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2012. Ya yi nazari kan wasu takardu kan illar muhallin da dam din ya yi da kuma ziyarci wurin da madatsar ruwan ke da shi.[124] Kwamitin ya mika rahotonsa na farko ga gwamnatocin a karshen watan Mayun 2013. Ko da yake ba a bayyana cikakken rahoton ba, kuma ba zai kasance ba har sai gwamnatoci sun sake duba shi, Masar da Habasha duk sun fitar da cikakkun bayanai. Gwamnatin Habasha ta bayyana cewa, a cewar rahoton, "tsarin dam din ya ginu ne bisa ka'idoji da ka'idoji na kasa da kasa" ba tare da bayyana wadannan ka'idoji da ka'idoji ba. Har ila yau, ta ce madatsar ruwan "yana ba da babbar fa'ida ga dukkanin kasashen uku kuma ba zai haifar da wata babbar illa ga dukkanin kasashen da ke kusa da kogin ba"[125]. A cewar gwamnatin Masar, rahoton ya ba da shawarar "canzawa da gyara girma da girman dam"[126]. Tun daga tsakiyar watan Yulin 2022 ba a gudanar da tattaunawar ta hanyoyi uku sama da shekara guda ba.[127]

A ranar 3 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2013, yayin da suke tattaunawa kan rahoton kwamitin kwararru na kasa da kasa tare da shugaba Mohamed Morsi, shugabannin siyasar Masar sun ba da shawarar hanyoyin lalata madatsar ruwan, ciki har da goyon bayan 'yan tawaye masu adawa da gwamnati.[128] Ba tare da sanin wadanda suka halarci taron ba, an watsa tattaunawar kai tsaye ta talabijin.[34] Habasha ta bukaci jakadan Masar ya yi bayani game da taron.[129] Babban mai taimaka wa Morsi ya nemi afuwar wannan abin kunya da ba a yi niyya ba, kuma majalisar ministocinsa ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke karfafa "kyakkyawan makwabtaka, mutunta juna da kuma neman moriyar hadin gwiwa ba tare da wani bangare ya cutar da daya ba." Wani mataimaki ga firaministan kasar Habasha ya bayyana cewa, Masar tana da hakkin "...na da hakkin yin mafarki" kuma ya ba da misali da yadda Masar ta yi kokarin tada zaune tsaye a Habasha.[130] An ba da rahoton cewa Morsi ya yi imanin cewa zai fi kyau a shiga Habasha maimakon yunkurin tilasta su.[34] Sai dai kuma a ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2013 ya ce “dukkan zabin a bude suke” domin “ba za a iya keta tsaron ruwan Masar kwata-kwata ba,” yana mai fayyace cewa “ba ya yi kira da a yi yaki,” amma ba zai bari a shiga cikin hadari ba.[131]

A cikin Janairun 2014, Masar ta bar tattaunawa game da madatsar ruwa, saboda rashin amincewar Habasha.[38] Habasha ta ce Masar ta dakatar da gine-gine nan take da kuma karin kasonta zuwa kashi 90 cikin 100 a matsayin wasu sharudda, wadanda ake ganin ba su dace ba. Tuni dai Masar ta kaddamar da hare-haren diflomasiyya domin dakile goyon bayan da ake baiwa madatsar ruwan, inda ta aika da ministan harkokin wajen kasar Nabil Fahmi zuwa Tanzaniya da Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango domin samun tallafi. Kafofin yada labaran Masar sun bayyana cewa ziyarar tana da amfani kuma shugabannin kasashen sun nuna "fahimta" da "goyon bayan" matsayin Masar.[132] Ministan harkokin wajen Sudan Ali Karti ya soki kasar Masar da “zama rura wutar lamarin” ta hanyar bayanan da ta yi kan madatsar ruwan, kuma tana yin la’akari da muradun bangarorin biyu. Al-Masry Al-Youm ya bayyana cewa, Sudan ta yi shela ta tsaka tsaki.[37][133] Yaƙin neman zaɓe yana da ƙarfi kuma mai fa'ida; a cikin Maris 2014, a karon farko, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, da Tanzania ne kawai Masar ta gayyaci su shiga gasar wasan hockey ta Nilu.[134] Ministan harkokin wajen kasar Fahmi da ministan albarkatun ruwa Muhammad Abdul Muttalib sun shirya kai ziyara a kasashen Italiya da Norway domin bayyana damuwarsu da kokarin tilasta musu janye goyon bayansu ga GERD[114].

A cikin watan Afrilun 2014, firaministan Habasha ya gayyaci Masar da Sudan zuwa wani zagaye na tattaunawa kan madatsar ruwan, kuma Nabil Fahmi ya bayyana a watan Mayun 2014 cewa har yanzu Masar na kan tattaunawa.[135] Bayan taron ministoci uku na watan Agustan 2014, kasashen uku sun amince da kafa wani taron kwamitin kasa uku (TNC) kan madatsar ruwa. Taron farko na TNC ya faru daga 20 zuwa 22 ga Satumba 2014 a Habasha.[136]

A watan Oktoban 2019, Firayim Ministan Habasha Abiy Ahmed ya yi gargadin cewa "babu wani karfi da zai hana Habasha gina madatsar ruwa. Idan ana bukatar shiga yaki, za mu iya shirya miliyoyin."[137]

Tun daga watan Nuwamba na 2019, Sakataren Baitulmalin Amurka Steven Mnuchin ya sauƙaƙe tattaunawa tsakanin gwamnatocin Masar, Habasha, da Sudan dangane da cika da aikin dam.[40] Habasha ta ba da shawarar cika tafki tare da sakin ruwa mai nisan kilomita 35 a kowace shekara, wanda ya haifar da cika cikar tafkin cikin shekaru biyar. Masar ta ce hakan zai yi kadan, kuma ta bukaci a fitar da ruwa mai yawa a kowace shekara, inda ta nemi a sako ruwa mai tsawon kilomita 40, sannan a cike tafkin cikin shekaru bakwai[138]. A cikin watan Fabrairun 2020, Mnuchin ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa: "Mun yaba da shirye-shiryen gwamnatin Masar don sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da kuma fara yarjejeniyar don tabbatar da sadaukarwar ta," ya kara da cewa "daidai da ka'idojin da aka tsara a cikin DOP, musamman ka'idodin rashin haifar da babbar illa ga kasashen da ke karkashin kasa, gwajin karshe da cika bai kamata ya faru ba tare da yarjejeniya ba." [139] [140] Ministan Harkokin Wajen Habasha ya kasance "marasa nasiha".

A cikin Fabrairu 2020, Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin Amurka ta bayyana cewa "bai kamata a yi gwajin karshe da cikawa ba tare da yarjejeniya ba." bayan da Habasha ta tsallake tattaunawa da Amurka da Masar kan rikicin madatsar ruwan. Habashawa ta yanar gizo sun nuna fushinsu ta hanyar amfani da maudu'in #itismydam kan abin da suke ikirarin cewa Amurka da Bankin Duniya sun yi wa Masar baya, sabanin rawar da masu sa ido suka yi alkawari da farko. Gangamin kan layi ya zo daidai da ranar hutu na shekara-shekara na Habasha na murnar nasarar da Habasha ta samu a yakin Adwa a shekara ta 1896, nasara mai mahimmanci da ta yi nasarar dakile yakin mulkin mallaka na Italiya a 1896. Habasha ta bayyana cewa "ba za a matsa mata lamba kan kogin Nilu ba".

A watan Yulin 2020, Ministan Harkokin Wajen Habasha Gedu Andargachew ya wallafa a shafinsa na Twitter cewa: "Kogin ya zama tafki... Nilu namu ne." A cikin wannan watan ne aka koma tattaunawa tsakanin ministocin ruwa daga kasashe uku da abin ya shafa karkashin kulawar kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka.

A watan Satumban shekarar 2020, Amurka ta dakatar da wani bangare na taimakon tattalin arziki da take baiwa kasar Habasha, saboda rashin samun isasshen ci gaba a shawarwari da Sudan da Masar kan batun gina madatsar ruwa. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2020, Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya bayyana ta wayar tarho da Firayim Ministan Sudan Abdalla Hamdok da Firayim Ministan Isra'ila Benjamin Netanyahu cewa "Yana da matukar hadari domin Masar ba za ta iya rayuwa haka ba ... Firayim Ministan Habasha Abiy Ahmed ya mayar da martani da cewa "Ethiopia ba za ta shiga cikin kowane irin zalunci ba" kuma barazanar "bata ce, mara amfani, da kuma keta dokokin kasa da kasa."

A cikin Afrilu 2021, Shugaban Masar Abdel Fattah el-Sisi ya yi gargadin: "Ina gaya wa 'yan'uwanmu a Habasha, kada mu kai ga inda za ku taba digon ruwan Masar, domin duk zabi a bude suke." Rikicin da ke tsakanin Sudan da Habasha kan madatsar ruwan ya kara kamari ne a shekarar 2021. Mai ba da shawara ga shugaban Sudan Abdel Fattah al-Burhan ya yi magana game da yakin ruwa "wanda zai fi muni fiye da yadda mutum zai iya zato".

A ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2021, Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya gudanar da wani zama don tattaunawa kan takaddamar cike madatsar ruwa.[150]

A yayin taron Joe Biden na Yuli 2022 a Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya gana da Abdel Fattah el-Sisi tare da jaddada goyon bayan Amurka ga "tsaron ruwa" na Masar da kuma "ƙirƙirar ƙudirin diflomasiyya wanda zai cimma muradun dukkan bangarorin da kuma ba da gudummawa ga yankin mafi zaman lafiya da wadata."

A lokacin bazara na 2022, wakilin Amurka Mike Hammer ya ziyarci Masar da kuma Habasha don kulla dangantaka da tattaunawa kan madatsar ruwan Habasha.

A watan Agustan 2022, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (wanda ke da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Habasha da Masar) ta bayyana cewa tana son kasashen uku su sake gudanar da taro. Sai dai tattaunawar da aka yi tsakanin kasashen uku ta ci tura a duk shekara ta 2022. A farkon shekarar 2023 ne Masar da Sudan suka fara gudanar da atisayen soji na hadin gwiwa, lamarin da ke nuni da cewa, duk da rahotannin da aka bayar a hukumance, tattaunawar ta wargaje.[156] Masana harkokin siyasa sun yi hasashen cewa abubuwa da dama ne suka haifar da rugujewar tattaunawar. Jami'an sojan Masar da farko sun ba da misali da damuwa game da raba ruwa, yayin da Khartoum ke zargin cewa ba ta sami wasu lamuni daga gwamnatin Habasha ba game da siyan wutar lantarki da GERD ke samarwa a nan gaba. Wasu masu lura da al'amuran yau da kullun na hasashen cewa, a yayin da shirin GERD ya kusa kammaluwa, shawarwarin da Habasha ke yi zai karu idan aka kwatanta da na Sudan da Masar, lamarin da ke kara tada hankulan duniya kan rikicin da ke faruwa a nan gaba tsakanin kasashe a yankin kogin Nilu[158]. A baya-bayan nan, shugaban kasar Amurka Joe Biden ya fitar da wata sanarwa da ke tabbatar da aniyar Amurka na kare ruwa a Masar.

A watan Yulin 2025, shugaban Amurka Trump ya sanar da cewa Amurka za ta yi kokarin warware takaddamar da ke tattare da madatsar ruwan, matakin da shugaban Masar Sisi ya yi maraba da shi.

A cikin Fabrairun 2026, gwamnatin Habasha ta tabbatar da kammala cikar babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha (GERD).[161] Da yake samar da megawatt sama da 5,150, madatsar ruwan ta rikide zuwa wata cibiyar makamashi ta yankin, inda Habasha ta kulla yarjejeniyar fitar da wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci da Kenya har zuwa megawatt 400.