Damshi (tsari)
 Damshi (tsari) | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
moisture (en)  da flaw (en) |
| Has immediate cause (en) |
rising damp (en) |
| Characteristic of (en) | gini |
Damshin tsari shine kasancewar damshin da ba'a so a cikin tsarin ginin, ko dai sakamakon kutse daga waje ko natsuwa daga cikin tsarin. Yawancin matsalolin damp a cikin gine-gine suna faruwa ne sakamakon abubuwan da suka dogara da yanayin yanayi na gurɓataccen ruwa da shigar ruwan sama.[1] Shigar da ruwa daga ƙasa zuwa sama ta hanyar kankare ko masonry ana kiransa "tashin damp" kuma ana tafiyar da shi ta hanyar siffa da ƙaƙƙarfan kayan gini wanda ta wannan hanyar shigar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaya ke faruwa.[2] Damshin tsarin, ba tare da la'akari da hanyoyin da ake aiwatar da shi ba, yana ƙaruwa da matsanancin zafi.
Kula da dampness yana da mahimmanci ga aikin da ya dace na kowane gini. Sarrafa danshi yana da mahimmanci don kare mazauna daga mummunan tasirin lafiya da kuma kare ginin, tsarin injinsa da abinda ke cikinsa daga lalacewa ta jiki ko sinadarai.[3]
Alamun
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Danshi yana ƙoƙarin haifar da lahani na biyu ga gini. Danshin da ba'a so yana ba da damar haɓakar fungi iri-iri a cikin itace, yana haifar da ruɓa ko gyaggyarawa al'amurran kiwon lafiya kuma yana iya haifar da rashin lafiyan gini. Filasta da fenti sun lalace kuma fuskar bangon waya ta sassauta. Tabo, daga ruwa, gishiri da kuma daga mold, mar saman. Ana samun mafi girman ƙarfin iska mafi girma a cikin gine-gine inda abin da ake amfani da shi a kan tsarin tsarawa ko kuma matakan da yawa. Matsakaicin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iska suna da yuwuwar shakar kuma suna iya samun tasirin lafiya.
A waje, turmi na iya rushewa, kuma tabon gishiri na iya bayyana a bangon. Karfe da ƙarfe fasteners tsatsa. Hakanan yana iya haifar da rashin ingancin iska na cikin gida da rashin lafiyan numfashi ga mazauna cikin. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, turmi ko filasta na iya faɗuwa daga bangon da abin ya shafa.[4]
Tasirin lafiya na damp na tsari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan da ke damun lafiya a kusa da mold sun haɗa da cututtuka, rashin lafiyar jiki ko rashin lafiyan rigakafi, da rashin lafiyan jiki. Hakanan ana haifar da asma ta hanyar wayar da kan ƙurar ƙurar da ke taruwa mai ɗanɗano, yanki mai dausayi na tsarin. Kwayoyin cuta suna buƙatar ruwa don girma da haɓaka kuma wasu nau'ikan na iya haifar da cututtuka a cikin mutane, don haka kutsawa cikin ruwa a cikin gida na iya sanya lafiyar mazauna cikin haɗari daga kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Cire ruwa da bushewar kayan gini a cikin kwanaki 2 na iya hana ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka rage haɗarin mazauna cikin ga cututtuka.
Jagoran Kayayyakin Ganuwa zuwa Damp, Mold da Gurɓatar Cikin Gida ya bayyana cewa:
Danshi mai yawa yana kaiwa - akan kusan duk kayan cikin gida - zuwa haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta irin su molds, fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda daga baya suna fitar da spores, sel, gutsuttsura da mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa zuwa cikin iska na cikin gida. Bugu da ƙari, damshi yana haifar da lalata sinadarai da/ko nazarin halittu na kayan, wanda kuma ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska na cikin gida. Bayyanawa ga gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta yana da alaƙa a asibiti tare da alamun numfashi, allergies, asma da halayen rigakafi. Don haka an ba da shawarar damshi don zama mai ƙarfi da daidaiton alamar haɗari ga asma da alamun numfashi kamar tari da hushi.
Bukatun doka (Birtaniya)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokokin Gina
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sashe na 5.2 na Dokokin Gina 2010 da aka Amince da Takardun C, "Shirye-shiryen wurin da juriya ga gurɓataccen abu da danshi" yana buƙatar gina gine-gine don tsayayya da damshi mai tasowa, shiga damshi, da maƙarƙashiya.[5]
Ganuwar ya kamata:
tsayayya da hanyar danshi daga ƙasa zuwa cikin ginin; kuma
kar damshin kasa ya lalace kuma kada ya dauki danshi daga kasa zuwa wani bangare da zai lalace da shi, kuma, idan bangon bangon waje ne:
tsayayya da shigar hazo zuwa sassan tsarin da danshi zai iya lalacewa; kuma
tsayayya da shiga cikin hazo zuwa cikin ginin; kuma
a tsara da kuma gina su ta yadda tsarin su da yanayin zafi ba su da lahani ta hanyar matsa lamba; kuma
kar a inganta ƙumburi na ƙasa ko haɓakar mold, idan aka ba da yanayin zama mai ma'ana.
Hakanan ana yin irin waɗannan buƙatun dangane da benaye a Sashe na 4 na takaddar.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Trotman, Peter; Chris Sanders; Harry Harrison (2004). Understanding Dampness. Vol. BR466. Building Research Establishment. ISBN 1-86081-686-X.
- ↑ Liu, M.; et al. (2018). "Tuning capillary penetration in porous media: Combining geometrical and evaporation effects" (PDF). International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 123: 239–250. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.02.101. S2CID 51914846. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-09-04
- ↑ Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance. December 2013
- ↑ ODPM: Housing Health and Safety Rating System: Operating Guidance.
- ↑ Building Regulations Approved Document C" (PDF). Retrieved 10 February 2019.