Damuwa (Munch)
| Damuwa (Munch) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Asali | |
| Mahalicci |
Edvard Munch (mul)  |
| Shekarar ƙirƙira | 1894 |
| Asalin suna | Anxiety |
| Movement |
Expressionism (en) |
| Characteristics | |
| Material (en) |
oil paint (en) da canvas (en) |
| Faɗi |
74 centimetre (en) |
| Tsawo |
94 centimetre (en) |
| Genre (en) |
genre art (en) |
| Description | |
| Wuri | |
| Place |
MUNCH (mul) |
| Tari |
MUNCH (mul) |
| Inventory number (en) | MM.M.00515 |
| Tarihi | |
| Exhibitions |
Munch 150 (en) |
Damuwa ( Norwegian ) zane ne na 1894 da mai zane na ƙasar Norway Edvard Munch ya yi. Yana nuna gungun mutane suna tafiya zuwa ga mai kallo a ƙarƙashin sararin sama mai ja kamar jini. Zane ne na haɗakar tsoffin zane-zanen "Evening on Karl Johan" (1892) da "The Scream" (1893). Yana cikin Frieze of Life na Munch kuma an nuna shi a Gidan Tarihi na Munch . A shekara ta 1896, Munch ya ƙirƙiri lithograph da katako bisa ga zane.
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hoton ya ɗauki wurin da aka tsara daga The Scream : wani shinge da aka yanke a gefen sararin hoton tare da layukan da ke faɗuwa daga sama zuwa ƙasan dama, wani tsauni mai tsayi wanda ke bayyana birni da wani jirgin ruwa da ke tafiya a nesa da jiragen ruwa ke bi, kuma a ƙarshe sararin sama mai launin ja mai duhu tare da gajimare masu guguwa. A kan gadar ƙafa ko gadar akwai gungun mutane masu fuskoki masu launin kore da idanu masu buɗewa, suna kallon mai kallo kai tsaye kuma suna nuna kamar suna matsawa zuwa gare su. :98Mutane uku sun fi shahara a gaba: mace sanye da hula mai kama da hula ko kuma hula mai kama da halo, namiji sanye da hula mai kama da hula, da kuma wani namiji sanye da hula da kuma akuya.
A cewar Gerd Woll, launukan sigina da bambancin launi suna da tasiri mai ban tsoro kuma suna nuna jin rashin tabbas da tsoro da ke fitowa daga abin da aka yi zanen. [1] :98A cewar Uwe M. Schneede, ana iya danganta wannan da "sararin samaniya mai cike da rudani da barazana" da kuma "zurfin yanayin ƙasa". [2] A cikin baje kolin farko a matsayin wani ɓangare na Life Frieze, Munch ya ba wa zanen taken Red Clouds . [3]
Kwafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Damuwa, 1896. Lithograph . 41.3 × 38.8 cm. Gidan Tarihi na Folkwang, Essen
Damuwa, 1896. Lithograph Mai Launi da Hannu. 42 × 38.6 cm. Gidan Tarihi na Munch, Oslo
Damuwa, 1896. An yanke katako . 45.5 × 37.2 cm. Gidan Tarihi na Munch, Oslo
Damuwa, 1896. An sassaka katako mai launi da hannu. 46 × 37.5 cm. Gidan Tarihi na Munch, Oslo
A shekara ta 1896, an ƙirƙiri kwafi biyu bisa ga abin da aka yi wa alama damuwa, wataƙila cikin 'yan watanni kaɗan da juna: lithograph, wanda aka yi masa madubi a gaban zanen, da kuma yanke katako . A duka biyun, an cire shingen da ya mamaye hangen nesa na zanen, kuma an bazu siffofin a duk faɗin gaba. Maimakon mutumin da ke da akuya, yanzu akwai siffofi mata uku da aka haɗa da hula a kusa da mutumin da ke da hular sama. :98,100
Lithograph ɗin yana da dutse mai launi iri biyu. An yi amfani da tawada mai launin lithographic mai faɗi da layukan baƙi, kuma tufafin sun haɗu zuwa wani yanki mai duhu guda ɗaya. Munch ya ba da gudummawar buga launi biyu a baki da ja ga tarin littattafan Les Peintres-Graveurs na Ambroise Vollard na 1896. An kuma yi aikin sassaka katako a matsayin bugu mai launin shuɗi a ja ko baƙi kuma a matsayin bugu mai launi biyu. :98,100Arne Eggum ya ga ya fi "mahimmanci kuma a lokaci guda ya fi rashin gaskiya" fiye da lithograph. [1]
Matsayi a cikin ayyukan Munch
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Arne Eggum ya bayyana Damuwa a matsayin haɗakar zane-zane guda biyu na baya na jin damuwa, wato zane-zanen Evening on Karl Johan (1892) da Despair (1892) da kuma ci gabansa The Scream (1893). Munch ya canja zane-zanen daga zanen farko, tare da fuskokinsu masu ban tsoro, zuwa yanayin ƙasa a gabashin gabar tekun Oslo Fjord a zanen na ƙarshe. [2] Reinhold Heller ya ɗauki wannan a matsayin haɗin gwiwa mafi nasara fiye da canja wurin siffar Jappe Nilssen daga bakin teku a <i id="mwgA">Melancholy</i> zuwa gadar a cikin The Scream a cikin zanen na biyu, Despair, wanda kuma aka ƙirƙira a 1894 amma, a cewar Heller, ba shi da ƙarfin magabata biyu.
Maraice akan Karl Johan , 1892. Oil akan zane. 84.5 × 121 cm. Kunstmuseum Bergen
Fidda rai, 1892. Mai a kan zane. 92 × 67 cm. Thiel Gallery, Stockholm
The Scream , 1893. Mai, tempera da pastel a kan kwali. 91 × 73.5 cm. Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Norway, Oslo
Fidda rai, 1894. Mai a kan zane. 92 × 72.5 cm. Gidan Tarihi na Munch, Oslo
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Duk da cewa yawancin siffofin da ke cikin Anxiety za a iya gano su ne a cikin wanda ya gabace shi, Evening on Karl Johan, siffar da ke da goat a gefen hagu na zanen sabuwa ce. Eggum yana ganinsa a matsayin wakilcin marubucin Poland Stanisław Przybyszewski, wanda Munch ya haɗu da shi a cikin da'irar bohemian mai fasaha a kusa da gidan cin abinci na Berlin <i id="mwsw">The Black Pigle</i> t a Berlin kuma wanda ya nuna sau da yawa, gami da a cikin motifs na Frieze of Life Jealousy da Red Virginia Creeper. Eggum ya fassara haɗakar da ke cikin Anxiety a matsayin girmamawa ga abokin wanda, tare da littafinsa Requiem, ya ba Munch dabarun motifs na damuwarsa, wanda ya yi nasarar fassara zuwa zane-zane kamar The Scream . [2] Hakanan alama ce cewa an ƙirƙiri Anxiety a Berlin, kamar hotunan. A kowane hali, siffar Przybyszewski mai gemu mai nuna ba ta nan a cikin kwafi na shekara mai zuwa.