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Damuwar jama'a

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Damuwar jama'a
Description (en) Fassara
SanadiDamuwa na zamantakewa
Identifier (en) Fassara

Damuwar zamantakewa ita ce damuwa da tsoro da ke da alaƙa da kasancewa a cikin yanayi na zamantakewa (watau, mu'amala da wasu). [1] Wasu nau'ikan rikice-rikice da ke da alaƙa da damuwa ta zamantakewa sun haɗa da rikice-rikicen damuwa, rikice-rikicen yanayi, rikice-rikicen autism, matsalolin cin abinci, da matsalolin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi . [1] Mutanen da ke da matakan damuwa ta zamantakewa sau da yawa suna kawar da kallonsu, suna nuna ƙarancin fuskoki, kuma suna nuna wahala wajen fara tattaunawa da kuma ci gaba da tattaunawa. [1] Damuwar zamantakewa yawanci tana bayyana kanta a shekarun samartaka kuma tana iya dawwama a tsawon rayuwa; duk da haka, mutanen da ke fuskantar matsaloli a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun na tsawon lokaci na iya haifar da matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa . Halin damuwa ta zamantakewa, yanayin kwanciyar hankali na fuskantar wannan damuwa, ana iya bambanta shi da damuwa ta yanayi, martani na ɗan lokaci ga wani takamaiman motsin rai na zamantakewa. Rabin mutanen da ke da kowace fargaba ta zamantakewa sun cika ka'idojin matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa. [2] Shekaru, al'adu, da jinsi suna shafar tsananin wannan cuta. [3] Aikin damuwar zamantakewa shine ƙara sha'awa da kulawa ga hulɗar zamantakewa, hana halayen zamantakewa da ba a so, da kuma ƙarfafa shiri don yanayin zamantakewa na gaba. [1]

Rashin lafiya

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Rashin lafiyar damuwa ta zamantakewa (SAD), wanda kuma aka sani da tsoron zamantakewa, cuta ce ta damuwa wadda ke da alaƙa da yawan tsoro a cikin yanayi ɗaya ko fiye na zamantakewa wanda ke haifar da damuwa mai yawa da kuma rashin iya aiki a aƙalla wasu sassan rayuwar yau da kullun. :15Waɗannan tsoro na iya tasowa ta hanyar binciken da aka gani ko kuma na gaske daga wasu. Rashin lafiyar damuwa ta zamantakewa yana shafar kashi 8% na mata da kashi 6.1% na maza. [4] A Amurka, matsalolin damuwa sune cututtukan kwakwalwa da suka fi yawa, suna shafar manya miliyan 40. Damuwa na iya zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma hare-haren tsoro na iya haifar da rikice-rikicen tsoro wanda shine sake dawowar hare-haren tsoro da ba a zata ba. Sauran matsalolin damuwa da suka shafi sun haɗa da matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa, matsalar damuwa ta gabaɗaya, matsalar tilastawa (OCD), nau'ikan tsoro daban-daban, da kuma matsalar damuwa ta bayan-tashin hankali (PTSD). [5] Damuwar zamantakewa ana iya magance ta, kodayake ba kowa ne ke buƙatar magani ba.

Rashin lafiyar damuwa ta zamantakewa ya bambanta da halayen mutum na shiga cikin jama'a da jin kunya . [6] [7]

Alamomin jiki galibi sun haɗa da jajayen fuska, gumi mai yawa, rawar jiki, bugun zuciya, da tashin zuciya . Ana iya samun gunaguni, tare da saurin magana. Harin tsoro kuma yana iya faruwa a ƙarƙashin tsananin tsoro da rashin jin daɗi. Wasu masu fama da cutar na iya amfani da barasa ko wasu ƙwayoyi don rage tsoro da hana su a tarurrukan zamantakewa. [8] Abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare ga masu fama da fargabar zamantakewa su yi wa kansu magani, musamman idan ba a gano su ba ko kuma ba a yi musu magani ba. Wannan na iya haifar da maye, rashin cin abinci ko wasu nau'ikan shan muggan kwayoyi. Wani lokaci ana kiran SAD a matsayin "rashin damar da aka rasa" inda "mutane ke yin manyan zaɓuɓɓukan rayuwa don daidaita rashin lafiyarsu". [9] [10] Bisa ga jagororin ICD-10, manyan sharuɗɗan ganewar cutar damuwa ta zamantakewa sune tsoron zama abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai, ko tsoron yin aiki ta hanyar da zai zama abin kunya ko wulaƙanci, sau da yawa tare da gujewa da alamun damuwa. Ana iya amfani da ma'aunin kimantawa na yau da kullun don tantance rashin lafiyar damuwa ta zamantakewa da kuma auna tsananin damuwa.

Matakai

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Ci gaban yara

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Wasu jin damuwa a cikin yanayi na zamantakewa abu ne na yau da kullun kuma yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aikin zamantakewa da ci gaban ci gaba. Wahalar gano matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa a cikin yara tana cikin tantance bambanci tsakanin damuwa ta zamantakewa da jin kunya ta asali. Yawanci, ana iya gano yara lokacin da tsoro na zamantakewa ya yi tsanani ko kuma ba za a iya wuce su ba. [11] Ci gaban fahimta da ƙaruwar matsin lamba a ƙarshen ƙuruciya da farkon samartaka yana haifar da maimaita damuwa ta zamantakewa. Ana gano yara da yawa suna da damuwa ta zamantakewa, kuma wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da ilimi idan ba a sa ido sosai ba. Wani ɓangare na damuwa ta zamantakewa shine tsoron suka daga wasu. A cikin yara, damuwa ta zamantakewa tana haifar da matsananciyar damuwa akan ayyukan yau da kullun kamar wasa da wasu yara, karatu a aji, ko yin magana da manya. Wasu yara masu damuwa ta zamantakewa na iya yin aiki saboda tsoronsu, ko kuma suna iya nuna tsoro ko kuka idan sun ji damuwa. [12] Matasa sun gano cewa damuwarsu ta yau da kullun tana da alaƙa da alaƙarsu da takwarorinsu da suke sha'awar, ƙin takwarorinsu, yin magana a bainar jama'a, kunya, sanin kansu, firgici, da halayen da suka gabata. Yawancin matasa suna ci gaba ta hanyar fargabarsu kuma suna biyan buƙatun ci gaban da aka sanya musu. [13]

Balaga

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Zai iya zama da sauƙi a gano damuwar zamantakewa a cikin manya saboda suna guje wa duk wani yanayi na zamantakewa kuma su kasance su kaɗai. Nau'ikan damuwar zamantakewa da manya suka fi sani sun haɗa da damuwa a aiki, damuwa a bainar jama'a, tsoro a kan mataki, da kuma jin kunya . Duk waɗannan na iya ɗaukar nau'ikan asibiti, wato, su zama matsalolin damuwa (duba ƙasa). [14]

Ka'idojin da ke bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan damuwa ta zamantakewa ta asibiti da ta marasa asibiti sun haɗa da ƙarfin da matakin rikicewar ɗabi'a da ta hankali baya ga yanayin tsammanin tsoro. [14] Hakanan ana iya rarraba damuwa ta zamantakewa bisa ga faɗin yanayin da ke haifar da yanayi na zamantakewa. Misali, tsoron cin abinci a bainar jama'a yana da ɗan ƙaramin yanayi, yayin da jin kunya na iya samun fa'ida mai faɗi tare da mutum yana cikin damuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban. [14] An raba nau'ikan asibiti zuwa ga tsoro na zamantakewa gabaɗaya (watau, rashin lafiyar damuwa ta zamantakewa ) da takamaiman tsoron zamantakewa .

Alamomi da Alamomi

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Jannati martani ne na ilimin halittar jiki wanda ya kebanta da mutane kuma alama ce ta martanin ilimin halittar jiki da ke da alaƙa da damuwa ta zamantakewa. [15] Jannati shine jannati ba da gangan ba na fuska, wuya, da ƙirji a martanin kimantawa ko kulawar zamantakewa. Jannati ba wai kawai yana faruwa ne don jin kunya ba, har ma da wasu motsin rai da suka shafi zamantakewa kamar kunya, laifi, jin kunya, da alfahari . [15] Mutane masu yawan damuwa ta zamantakewa suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin jannati fiye da waɗanda ke da ƙarancin damuwa ta zamantakewa. [15] Ana iya auna nau'ikan jannati guda uku: jannati da ake ganin kansu (yadda mutum yake ganin suna jannati), jannati na ilimin halittar jiki (jannati kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar ma'aunin ilimin halittar jiki), da jannati da aka lura (jannati da wasu suka lura). Damuwar zamantakewa tana da alaƙa sosai da jannati da ake ganin kansu, wanda aka danganta shi da jannati da aka lura, kuma yana da alaƙa da jannati kamar yadda aka auna ta ma'aunin ilimin halittar jiki kamar zafin jiki da kwararar jini zuwa kunci da goshi. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin ja da kuma ja da kai a cikin jiki ba ta da yawa a tsakanin waɗanda ke cikin damuwa ta zamantakewa, wanda ke nuna cewa mutanen da ke da damuwa ta zamantakewa mai yawa na iya ɗaukar girman ja da suke yi. [15] Damuwar zamantakewa da ake dangantawa da ja da kai ita ma tana da mahimmanci ga samfuran fahimta na ja da kuma damuwar zamantakewa, wanda ke nuna cewa mutanen da ke da damuwa ta zamantakewa suna amfani da alamun ciki da sauran nau'ikan bayanai don yanke shawara game da yadda suke fuskantar. [15] Mutanen da ke da damuwa ta zamantakewa suma za su iya guje wa kallon ido, ko kuma su ci gaba da yin shiru yayin tattaunawa ko yin magana a bainar jama'a. Sauran alamu sune alamun jiki na gaggawa waɗanda suka haɗa da bugun zuciya mai sauri, tashin hankali na tsoka, jiri da/ko walƙiya, matsalolin ciki, gudawa, wahalar numfashi, ko jin "daga jiki".

Alamomin Fahimta

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Mutane masu fama da matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa galibi suna jin rashin jin daɗi idan wasu za su iya yi musu hukunci ko su kalle su. Suna iya jin tsoron yin kuskure ko kunya, koda lokacin da suke magana da baƙi kawai ko kuma suna cikin ƙungiya. Waɗannan damuwar na iya sa mutane su ji damuwa a kowane lokaci kuma su sa su yi tsammanin abubuwa marasa kyau za su faru kafin su faru. Irin wannan tunanin na iya haifar da ƙarin halayen gujewa a kan lokaci kuma yana sa ya yi wahala a yi mu'amala da wasu a cikin zamantakewa, ilimi ko aiki. [16]

Hankali mai nuna bambanci

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Mutane waɗanda ke fuskantar ƙarin damuwa ta zamantakewa suna juya hankalinsu daga barazanar bayanai na zamantakewa da kuma zuwa ga kansu, suna hana kansu ƙalubalantar mummunan tsammanin game da wasu yayin da suke ci gaba da waɗannan manyan matakan damuwa ta zamantakewa. Misali, mutum mai damuwa ta zamantakewa zai iya jin ƙin amincewa daga abokin hulɗa na tattaunawa, ya juya hankalinsa, kuma bai taɓa sanin cewa mutumin yana maraba da gaske ba. [17] Mutanen da ke da yawan damuwa ta zamantakewa suna nuna ƙarin kulawa ta farko ga alamun zamantakewa mara kyau, kamar fuskoki masu barazana, sannan a biye da hankali daga waɗannan alamun zamantakewa, wanda ke nuna yanayin kulawa sosai sannan a biye da gujewa. [17] [18] An auna hankali a cikin damuwa ta zamantakewa ta amfani da tsarin binciken dot-probe, wanda ke gabatar da fuskoki biyu kusa da juna. Ɗaya fuska tana da bayyanar motsin rai ɗayan kuma tana da bayyanar tsaka tsaki, kuma lokacin da fuskoki suka ɓace, bincike ya bayyana a wurin da ɗaya daga cikin fuskokin yake. Wannan yana haifar da yanayi mai dacewa inda binciken ya bayyana a wuri ɗaya da fuskar motsin rai da kuma yanayin da bai dace ba. Mahalarta suna amsawa ga binciken ta hanyar danna maɓalli kuma bambance-bambance a lokutan amsawa suna nuna son kai. Wannan aikin ya haifar da sakamako iri-iri, inda wasu bincike suka gano babu wani bambanci tsakanin mutanen da ke cikin damuwa da zamantakewa da kuma masu iko, wasu bincike sun gano guje wa dukkan fuskoki daga mutanen da ke cikin damuwa da zamantakewa, wasu kuma binciken sun gano cewa mutanen da ke cikin damuwa da zamantakewa suna lura da fuskokin barazana kawai. [17] Aikin Fuskantar Jama'a ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke cikin damuwa da zamantakewa suna da sauri wajen gano fuska mai fushi a cikin taron jama'a da galibi ba su da tsaka-tsaki ko kuma suna da jinkirin gano fuskoki masu farin ciki fiye da mutumin da ba shi da damuwa. [17]

Mayar da hankali kan kai yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar damuwa ta zamantakewa da kuma mummunan tasiri . Duk da haka, akwai nau'ikan mayar da hankali kan kai guda biyu: na jama'a da na sirri. A cikin mayar da hankali kan kai na jama'a, mutum yana nuna damuwa game da tasirin ayyukansa ga wasu da kuma ra'ayoyinsu. Wannan nau'in mayar da hankali kan kai yana annabta ƙarin damuwa ta zamantakewa. [19] Wasu ƙarin nau'ikan sanin kai na sirri (misali, manufofin girman kai ) suna da alaƙa da wasu nau'ikan mummunan tasiri. [19]

Binciken kimiyya na asali ya nuna cewa ana iya gyara son zuciya. An nuna cewa horar da gyaran son zuciya yana yin tasiri ga damuwa ta zamantakewa na ɗan lokaci. [20]

Abubuwan da ke haifar da matsaloli da kuma ɗabi'u

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Abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa su ne abubuwan da ke faruwa ko yanayi da ke tunatar da wani mummunan rauni ko sakamakon da ake jin tsoro. Fuskantar wani abu da ke haifar da damuwa na iya sa mutum ya yi fushi ko kuma ya yi fushi. Mutane na iya samun canje-canje a halaye, kamar guje wa wuraren jama'a ko yanayi da ka iya mayar da hankali da hankali zuwa gare su, kamar yin magana a bainar jama'a ko yin magana da sabbin mutane. [21] Haka kuma ba za su iya shiga wasu ayyuka ba saboda tsoron kunya, wanda zai iya haifar da kaɗaici. Ga wanda ke da damuwa ta zamantakewa, fuskantar lokacin kunya zai iya sa su yi tashin hankali . Akwai illoli da yawa da za su iya faruwa daga damuwa ta zamantakewa idan ba a yi maganinsu ba, kamar ƙarancin girman kai, matsalar nuna juriya, rashin jin daɗin suka, ƙarancin ƙwarewar zamantakewa, ware kai, samun matsaloli tare da dangantaka ta zamantakewa, ƙarancin aikin ilimi ko aiki, shan muggan kwayoyi, da tunanin kashe kai ko yunƙurin kashe kai. [21] Halayen aminci galibi sun haɗa da guje wa abin da ke haifar da damuwa ko barazanar da ake gani lokacin da aka fallasa abin da ke haifar da ita. Misali, da zarar ya shiga cikin yanayi na zamantakewa da ake tsoro, mutum mai damuwa ta zamantakewa zai iya guje wa kallon ido, yin magana da baƙi, ko cin abinci a gaban wasu. [22] An gano cewa halayen aminci da aka yi niyya don sa mutum ya ji aminci galibi suna tilasta ko tabbatar da jin damuwar, don haka yana haifar da zagayowar inda ake tsammanin halayen aminci suna da mahimmanci kuma ba a taɓa kalubalantar barazanar da ake gani ta jawo ba. [22]

Matakai da magani

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Ana auna damuwar zamantakewa ta ɗabi'a ta hanyar bayar da rahoton kai. [23] Wannan hanyar tana da iyakoki, amma amsoshin ra'ayi su ne mafi inganci na alamar yanayin ra'ayi. Sauran ma'aunin damuwar zamantakewa sun haɗa da tambayoyin bincike, kayan aikin da likita ke gudanarwa, da kimanta halaye. [24] Babu wani ma'aunin rahoton damuwa ta zamantakewa guda ɗaya da ke nuna duk halayen tunani, gami da nau'ikan inganci daban-daban ( inganci abun ciki, ingancin ma'auni, ingancin gini ), aminci, da daidaito na ciki . [23] SIAS tare da SIAS-6A da -6B an kimanta su a matsayin mafi kyau. [23] Waɗannan matakan sun haɗa da:

Kayan Aikin Kimantawa

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  • Tsoron Kimantawa Mara Kyau (FNE) da Takaitaccen Bayani (BFNE) [25]
  • Tambayoyin Tsoro Ƙananan Ma'aunin Farobi na Zamani (FQSP) [26]
  • Sikelin Damuwa na Hulɗa (IAS) [27]
  • Sikelin Damuwa ta Jama'a na Liebowitz - Rahoton Kai (LSAS-SR)
  • Yanayin Kimantawa Tsakanin Tsofaffi da Manya (OASES) [28]
  • Gujewa da Damuwa a Zamantakewa (SAD) [29]
  • Sikelin Sanin Kai (SCS) [30]
  • Sikelin Damuwa na Hulɗa da Jama'a (SIAS) [31] da kuma taƙaitaccen tsari (SIAS-6A da -6B)
  • Sikelin Phobia na Hulɗa da Jama'a (SIPS) [31]
  • Kiba da Damuwa ta Zamantakewa (SPAI) [32] da kuma taƙaitaccen tsari (SPAI-23)
  • Gujewa Daga Halin da Ake Ciki (SSA) [33]

Akwai nau'ikan magunguna da yawa don Cutar Damuwa ta Zamantakewa (SAD). Ana iya magance wannan cuta yadda ya kamata idan aka gano ta da wuri, kamar a farkon shekarun samartaka lokacin da SAD ta fara faruwa. Ana samun magani mafi inganci ta hanyar la'akari da asalin marasa lafiya da buƙatunsu kuma sau da yawa ta hanyar haɗa hanyoyin magance hali da magunguna. Maganin farko don matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa shine maganin halayyar fahimta (CBT), tare da magunguna da aka ba da shawarar kawai ga waɗanda ba su da sha'awar magani. CBT yana da tasiri wajen magance phobia ta zamantakewa, ko ana bayarwa daban-daban ko a cikin rukuni. Abubuwan da ke tattare da fahimta da halayyar suna neman canza tsarin tunani da martanin jiki ga yanayin da ke haifar da damuwa. Bangaren fahimta na CBT yana taimaka wa mutane masu damuwa ta zamantakewa su ƙalubalanci tunani marasa amfani kuma su ba da damar sabbin tsare-tsare na tunani mai kyau ko tunani mai ma'ana. Bangaren halayyar ya ƙunshi ɗaukar mataki don ƙalubalantar tunanin da aka gano mara kyau, kamar shiga cikin aikin da ke haifar da damuwa wanda ba shi da haɗari a zahiri. Halaye masu ƙalubale ta wannan hanyar wani ɓangare ne na maganin fallasa. [34] Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa hanyoyin maganin halayyar fahimta ta yanar gizo na iya rage alamun damuwa ta zamantakewa yadda ya kamata. Mutane za su iya samun magani ta yanar gizo a cikin yanayi mafi saba, wanda zai iya taimaka musu su ji ƙarancin tsoro game da yin magana da wani da kansu. Nazarin ya nuna cewa hanyoyin shiga tsakani na dijital na iya taimaka wa mutane su daina guje wa yanayi kuma su ji ƙarin kwarin gwiwa a wuraren zamantakewa. Hankalin da ake bai wa matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa ya ƙaru sosai tun daga shekarar 1999 tare da amincewa da tallata magunguna don maganinsa. Magungunan da aka rubuta sun haɗa da nau'ikan antidepressants da yawa: masu hana sake ɗaukar serotonin (SSRIs), masu hana sake ɗaukar serotonin-norepinephrine (SNRIs), da masu hana monoamine oxidase (MAOIs). Sauran magungunan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da beta blockers da benzodiazepines . [35] SAD ita ce matsalar damuwa da ta fi yawa, inda har zuwa kashi 10% na mutane ke fuskantar matsala a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu. Sauran magungunan da mutanen da ke da damuwa ta zamantakewa za su iya samun taimako sun haɗa da tausa, tunani, tunani, hypnotherapy, da acupuncture. [36]

Ka'idojin ci gaba da juyin halitta

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Ci gaban zamantakewa a lokacin ƙuruciya

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Halin tsoro, ƙarancin ƙwarewar zamantakewa, ko yawan hulɗa da mutane yana sa yaro ya zama mai yawan sanin yanayin zamantakewa mara dacewa ko barazana. Ƙarin abubuwan da ke cikin tarbiyya waɗanda za su iya ƙara yiwuwar yaro ya kamu da damuwa ta zamantakewa sun haɗa da kariya fiye da kima daga iyaye, rashin yanayin gida mai bayyana motsin rai, da kuma lura da fargaba ko kurakuran zamantakewa na wasu mutane. [37]

Mayar da hankali kan sarrafa azanci

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Jinkirin sarrafa jijiyoyi (SPS) wani yanayi ne na yanayi ko kuma halin mutum wanda ya ƙunshi "ƙarin jin daɗin tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya da kuma zurfafa fahimtar abubuwan da ke motsa jiki, zamantakewa da motsin rai". Wannan halayyar tana da alaƙa da "halayyar 'dakatar da duba' a cikin sabbin yanayi, ƙarin jin daɗi ga abubuwan da ke motsa jiki, da kuma haɗakar dabarun sarrafa hankali don amfani da ayyukan magancewa, waɗanda duk suna faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙaruwar amsawar motsin rai, duka masu kyau da marasa kyau". Gadon kwayoyin halitta na babban matakin jin daɗin sarrafa jijiyoyi na iya ƙara fahimtar mutum game da yanayin zamantakewa da kuma sakamakon da zai iya haifarwa.

Daidaitawar Halitta ga Rayuwa a Ƙananan Ƙungiyoyi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai wata shawara da ke nuna cewa mutane sun saba da zama tare da wasu a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Rayuwa a cikin rukuni abu ne mai jan hankali ga mutane domin akwai mutane da yawa da za su samar da aiki da kariya, kuma akwai tarin abokan hulɗa. [38] [39] Duk wani barazana da ake gani ga albarkatun rukuni ya kamata ya bar mutum a cikin tsaro, kamar yadda ya kamata a bar duk wani matsayi na matsayi wanda zai iya kawo rikici da wasu. [40] A zahiri, damuwa tana daidaitawa domin tana taimaka wa mutane su fahimci abin da ya dace da zamantakewa da abin da ba ya dacewa da shi. Barazanar korar albarkatu na iya haifar da mutuwa.

Yawancin ka'idar juyin halitta tana da alaƙa da haihuwa, don haka fallasa ga waɗanda za su iya zama abokan aure a cikin rukuni fa'ida ce ta juyin halitta. [40] A ƙarshe, a matakin farko, kasancewa cikin wani takamaiman rukuni na mutane yana iyakance fallasa ga wasu cututtuka. [39] Bincike ya nuna cewa alaƙar zamantakewa tana da tasiri ga lafiya, kuma, idan muka haɗu kuma muka karɓe ta, za mu fi koshin lafiya. [41] [38] [40] Duk waɗannan abubuwan sune ginshiƙan juyin halitta ga mutane don su kasance masu la'akari da yanayin zamantakewa da kuma sakamakon da zai iya haifarwa.

Ka'idar keɓewa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A mafi sauƙi, damuwa ta zamantakewa na iya zuwa daga buƙatar ɗan adam ta "shiga cikin" wata ƙungiya ta zamantakewa. [38] Ana iya ware wani saboda rashin iya bayar da gudummawa ga ƙungiya, karkacewa daga ƙa'idodin rukuni, ko ma rashin kyawun hali. Saboda fa'idodin zama a cikin ƙungiya, mutum zai so ya guji warewar jama'a ko ta halin kaka. Sanin abin da yake da kyau ga wasu da abin da ba a gani a matsayin abin sha'awa ga wasu yana ba mutane damar hango da kuma hana ƙin yarda, suka, ko ware su daga wasu. [40] Mutane suna da hankali a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ga alamun zamantakewa don haka suna gano canje-canje a cikin hulɗa wanda zai iya nuna rashin gamsuwa ko martani mara daɗi. [40] Gabaɗaya, damuwa ta zamantakewa na iya zama hanyar da mutane za su guji wasu ayyuka waɗanda za su iya haifar da wariyar zamantakewa da ake tsammani. [38]

Tasirin al'adu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Damuwar zamantakewa ta bambanta daga al'ada zuwa al'ada, musamman tsakanin al'ummomin haɗin kai da na mutum ɗaya . Tsarin haɗin kai yana mai da hankali kan alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane a matsayin ƙungiya kuma yana ƙoƙarin dogaro da juna a cikin al'umma; jituwa a cikin ƙungiya tana ba da fifiko kan buƙatun mutum ɗaya, kuma ana ɗaukar nasarorin mutum ɗaya a matsayin marasa mahimmanci fiye da amfanar ƙungiyar gaba ɗaya. Al'adun haɗin kai suna ba da fifiko ga 'yancin kai da nasarar mutum ɗaya, inda ake ba mutane lada da kuma yaba musu don nasarorin da suka samu. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen al'adu galibi suna shafar yadda mutane ke nuna hali. A cikin al'adun haɗin kai, hali yana tasiri ne ta hanyar tunani da ji na mutum. A cikin al'adun haɗin kai, hali yana samun kwarin gwiwa daga tsammanin al'umma, rawar da ya taka, da sha'awar gina jituwa ta rukuni. [42]

Wani misali na musamman na yadda damuwa ta zamantakewa za ta iya bayyana a cikin al'adar haɗin kai shine taijin kyofusho (TKS), wani yanayi da ya fi shahara a al'adun Japan da Koriya. Kamar yadda yake da matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa (SAD), mutanen da ke da TKS suna jin tsoron a yi musu hukunci, sau da yawa suna guje wa yanayin zamantakewa. Bambancin shine abin da ake tsoro. Mutanen da ke da SAD suna damuwa game da kunyatar da kansu kawai, yayin da waɗanda ke da TKS sun fi damuwa game da ɓata wa wasu rai ko ƙirƙirar yanayi mara daɗi. [42]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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  7. ↑ Brown, Alexander (13 March 2022). "Social Anxiety? Introvert? Or Shy?". Mind Journal. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022.
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  30. ↑ Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S. (1985-12-01). "The Self-Consciousness Scale: A Revised Version for Use with General Populations1". Journal of Applied Social Psychology (in Turanci). 15 (8): 687–699. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1985.tb02268.x. ISSN 1559-1816.
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  34. ↑ Wolgensinger, Laure (2015-09-30). "Cognitive behavioral group therapy for anxiety: recent developments". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (in Turanci). 17 (3): 347–351. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/lwolgensinger. ISSN 1958-5969. PMC 4610619. PMID 26487815.
  35. ↑ Garakani, Amir; Murrough, James W.; Freire, Rafael C.; Thom, Robyn P.; Larkin, Kaitlyn; Buono, Frank D.; Iosifescu, Dan V. (2020-12-23). "Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders: Current and Emerging Treatment Options". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.595584. ISSN 1664-0640. PMC 7786299. PMID 33424664.
  36. ↑ "Social Anxiety Disorder Guide: Test, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment". Psycom.net - Mental Health Treatment Resource Since 1996 (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-22.
  37. ↑ Garcia, Katelyn M.; Carlton, Corinne N.; Richey, John A. (2021-04-28). "Parenting Characteristics among Adults With Social Anxiety and their Influence on Social Anxiety Development in Children: A Brief Integrative Review". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 12. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.614318. ISSN 1664-0640. PMC 8113611 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33995142 Check |pmid= value (help).
  38. 1 2 3 4 Baumeister, R.; Tice, D. (1990). "Anxiety and Social Exclusion". Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 9: 2. doi:10.1521/jscp.1990.9.2.165. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Baumeister 19902" defined multiple times with different content.
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  40. 1 2 3 4 5 Gilbert, P (2001). "Evolution and Social Anxiety: The Role of Attraction, Social Competition, and Social Hierarchies". Psychiatric Clinics. 24 (4): 723–751. doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70260-4. PMID 11723630. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Gilbert 20012" defined multiple times with different content.
  41. ↑ Wilkinson, R. G. (1999). "Health, Hierarchy, and Social Anxiety". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 896 (1): 48–63. Bibcode:1999NYASA.896...48W. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08104.x. PMID 10681887.
  42. 1 2 Hofmann, Stefan G.; Anu Asnaani, M.A.; Hinton, Devon E. (2010). "Cultural aspects in social anxiety and social anxiety disorder". Depression and Anxiety (in Turanci). 27 (12): 1117–1127. doi:10.1002/da.20759. PMC 3075954. PMID 21132847. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":02" defined multiple times with different content.
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