Dauda na Trebizond

David Megas Komnenos (Girkanci: Δαυίδ Μέγας Κομνηνός, an fassara shi zuwa roman: David Megas Komnēnos; kusan 1408 - 1 Nuwamba 1463) shine Sarkin Trebizond na ƙarshe daga 1460 zuwa 1461. Shi ne ɗa na uku na Sarki Alexios na IV na Trebizond da Theodora Kantakouzene. Bayan faduwar Trebizond ga Daular Ottoman, an kai shi bauta tare da iyalinsa zuwa babban birnin Ottoman, Constantinople, inda aka kashe shi da 'ya'yansa maza da ɗan'uwansa a 1463.

A watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Majalisar Dattijai mai tsarki ta Constantinople ta tsarkake Dauda da 'ya'yansa maza da dan uwansa. An ƙaddara ranar bikin su a matsayin 1 ga Nuwamba, ranar tunawa da mutuwarsu.

Mai mulkin Daular Trebizond

David ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a duk lokacin mulkin dan uwansa kuma wanda ya riga shi John IV. An ba shi lakabin kotu na masu mulkin mallaka, wanda a Trebizond ya sanya magajin kursiyin. David ya shiga cikin tafiye-tafiyen ɗan'uwansa a kan Genoese, kuma ya cika ayyuka daban-daban na diflomasiyya. A shekara ta 1458 ya tabbatar da yarjejeniyar ɗan'uwansa tare da Sultan Mehmed II na Ottoman a Adrianople, kuma daga baya a wannan shekarar ya ba da 'yar uwarsa Theodora ga mijinta, Uzun Hassan na Ak Koyunlu .

Dauda ya hau gadon sarauta jim kadan bayan mutuwar ɗan'uwansa, wani lokaci a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1460. Kodayake John IV ya sanya dan uwansa Alexius V magajinsa, Alexios ƙarami ne; a cewar Laonikos Chalkokondyles David, tare da goyon bayan Kabasitanoi Archontes, ya tura saurayi sarki a gefe kuma ya ɗauki kursiyin don kansa.

Tare da cin nasarar Constantinople da Ottoman Turks suka yi a cikin 1453, barazanar da Mehmet II ya kawo wa daular aljihu ta karu. Ɗan'uwan Dauda John ya shafe shekaru masu zuwa har zuwa mutuwarsa yana gina kawance don kare daular, tare da sarakunan Georgia a gabas da Uzun Hassan na Ak Koyunlu, kuma Dauda da alama ya dogara da goyon bayansu. Shugabannin Musulmi na Sinope da Karaman sun bayyana cewa John ko Uzun Hassan sun shiga cikin su a matsayin abokan tarayya.

Game da wannan lokacin, Oktoba 1460, wani Ludovico da Bologna ya bayyana a kotun Sarkin sarakuna Frederick III tare da maza biyu waɗanda suka kasance jakadun Farisa da Georgia; musamman, jakadan Farisa - Nicholas na Tbilisi - wakilin George na takwas na Georgia, kuma jakadan Georgia - wanda aka rubuta a matsayin "Custopa", "Custoda", "Chastodina" da sauran bambance-bambance - ya wakilci Qvarqvare II, yarima na Samkhets.[1] Sun ɗauki wasiƙu da waɗannan sarakunan Gabas suka sanya hannu ba kawai, har ma da wasu huɗu, da kuma kabilun Caucasus guda uku duk suna da sha'awar shiga cikin kawance da Ottomans. Ludovico ya ci gaba zuwa Venice, kuma ko dai a can ko a tasharsu ta gaba, Florence, sabon jakadan ya shiga cikin masu zuwa: Michael Alighieri, wanda ya ce shi ne jakadan Sarkin sarakuna Dauda.

A Florence, birni da ke da sha'awar gina cibiyar sadarwa a cikin Levant, Alighieri ya tattauna yarjejeniya tsakanin Florence da David na Trebizond wanda ya ba birnin ofishin jakadanci (fondaco) da kuma sharuddan kasuwanci wanda ya haɗa da haraji na 2% akan fitarwa, kamar yadda Genoese da Venetians suka ji daɗin su a Trebizond. Kamar kakanninsa, Dante Alighieri, Michael Alighiere dan Florentine ne, amma yana kasuwanci a kansa a cikin Black Sea. Bryer ya ambaci wani takarda mai kwanan wata 28 ga Afrilu 1470, inda masu kare Bankin St. George a Caffa suka ba Michael Alighieri amintaccen hali wanda ya rufe 'ya'yansa da ma'aikatansa. Bryer ya bi da ikirarin Ludovico da Bologna tare da matakin rashin amincewa da tuhuma, yana mai lura da Ludovico "yana kama da ya kasance mai glib sosai kuma daga baya ya damu da wani abu na halin Baron Corvo ga Ikilisiya, wanda ya kasa ɗaukar burinsa da gaske". A gefe guda, Bryer ya ɗauka Michael Alighieri wakilin halal ne na Sarkin sarakuna David, kodayake wasikar da ya ɗauka daga David zuwa Duke Philip the Good League na Burgundy "an rubuta shi, idan ba a Italiya ba, daga wani ra'ayi na Trebiz da William da aka gani ba, ya san san san san sabon ra'ayi, kamar yadda yake da sunan Trebiz.

Rashin Trebizond

Bayan ya yi kamar yana shirye don tattaunawa da wasu maƙwabtansa, Mehmed II ya kewaye Sinope kuma ya sami mika wuya. Sultan ya aika da rundunarsa zuwa Trebizond, yayin da ya jagoranci sojojin ƙasa a kan Uzun Hassan . Bayan da Mehmed ya kama sansanin Koylu Hisar ta hanyar guguwa, kuma abokan Uzun Hassan da ke Karamanians sun kasa zuwa taimaka masa, Uzun Hassan ya aika da mahaifiyarsa, Sara Khatun, tare da kyaututtuka masu tsada ga sansanin Sultan don neman zaman lafiya. Yayinda ta sami nasarar tattauna yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin Mehmed da Aq Qoyunlu, ba za ta iya yin komai ga ƙasar surukarta ba, Trebizond. Steven Runciman ya sake maimaita musayar tsakanin Sara da Mehmed: "Me ya sa aka gaji da kanka, ɗana, don wani abu mafi kyau fiye da Trebizond?" ta tambaye shi. Ya amsa cewa Sword of Islam yana hannunsa, kuma zai ji kunyar kada ya gaji da bangaskiyarsa.

Tare da abokin tarayya mafi inganci na Dauda, Mehmed II ya yi tafiya zuwa Trebizond. Rundunarsa ta sauka a can a farkon watan Yuli, ta ci sojojin Dauda, sannan ta kwace yankunan da ke kewaye da birnin fiye da wata daya. Kwamandan Ottoman Mahmud Pasha Angelovic ya bude tattaunawa da David har ma kafin zuwan maigidansa, kuma David's protovestiarios, George Amiroutzes, ya shawarci sarki ya kai karar zaman lafiya. Lokacin da Mehmed II ya isa a watan Agusta, bai gamsu da tattaunawar ba, amma ya bar su ci gaba. Yanzu an rinjayi David ya mika wuya, a kan yanayin da za a ba shi damar ci gaba da iyalinsa, gidansa da dukiya, kuma an yi masa alkawarin ritaya mai fa'ida a Thrace.