David Attenborough
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David Attenborough an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu a shekara ta 1926) mai watsa shirye-shiryen Burtaniya ne, masanin ilimin halitta, masanin tarihi kuma marubuci.[1] Da farko ya zama sananne a matsayin mai masaukin baki na Zoo Quest a shekarar 1954, fim dinsa na marubuci, mai gabatarwa da mai ba da labari ya shafe shekaru takwas; ya haɗa da jerin shirye-shiryen yanayi guda tara waɗanda ke samar da Tarin Rayuwa, Duniyar Halitta, Dabbobin daji akan Ɗaya, Tsarin Mulkin Duniya na Planet, Blue Planet da Blue Planet II. Shi ne kadai mutumin da ya ci lambar yabo ta BAFTA a cikin baki-da-fari, launi, babban ma'ana, 3D da 4K ƙuduri. A cikin rayuwarsa ya tattara adadin digiri na girmamawa da kyaututtuka, gami da lambar yabo ta Emmy guda uku don Fitaccen labari.[2] Attenborough babban manaja ne a BBC, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da BBC Biyu kuma darektan shirye-shirye na gidan talabijin na BBC a shekarun 1960 da 1970. Duk da yake aikin Attenborough na farko ya mayar da hankali ne kan abubuwan al'ajabi na duniyar halitta, aikinsa na baya ya kasance mai yin magana don tallafawa abubuwan muhalli. Ya ba da shawarar maido da halittu masu rai na duniya, iyakance haɓakar yawan jama'a, canzawa zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa, rage sauyin yanayi, rage cin nama da ware wasu wurare don adana yanayi. A kan watsa shirye-shiryensa da kuma sha'awar yanayi, NPR ya ce Attenborough "ya zagaya duniya kuma ya raba abubuwan da ya gano da kuma sha'awar sa tare da ingantaccen hanyar ba da labari."[3]Ana la'akari da shi a matsayin taska ta ƙasa a Burtaniya, kodayake bai rungumi kalmar ba.[4][5][6]
Rayuwa ta farko da Iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi David Frederick Attenborough a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1926 a Isleworth, Middlesex, kuma ya girma a Kwalejin Kwalejin a harabar Jami'ar Leicester, inda mahaifinsa, Frederick, ya kasance babba. Shi ne tsakiyar 'ya'ya uku; Babban ɗan'uwansa, Richard, ya zama ɗan wasa kuma darekta, kuma ƙanensa, John, babban jami'in gudanarwa ne a kamfanin kera motoci na Italiya Alfa Romeo.A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta hanyar wata ƙungiyar sa kai ta Burtaniya da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira, iyayensa sun kuma reno 'yan mata Yahudawa 'yan gudun hijira daga Jamus. Attenborough ya shafe lokacin ƙuruciyarsa yana tattara burbushin halittu, duwatsu da samfuran halitta. Ya sami ƙarfafawa lokacin da wata matashiya Jacquetta Hawkes ta yaba da tarinsa.Ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo a harabar jami'a. Yana da kimanin shekaru 11, ya ji cewa sashen dabbobi na bukatar manyan kayan sawa, wanda ya bayar ta hannun mahaifinsa don samar da 3d kowane. Majiyar da bai bayyana ba a lokacin, wani tafki ne da ke kusa da sashen.Bayan shekara guda, ’yar’uwarsa ta reno, Marianne, ta ba shi guntun amber da ke ɗauke da halittun da suka rigaya a tarihi; wasu shekaru sittin bayan haka, zai zama abin da ya fi mayar da hankali kan "The Amber Time Machine", wani bangare na jerin abubuwansa na Halitta.[7][8][9]
A cikin shekara ta 1936 Attenborough da ɗan'uwansa Richard sun halarci lacca ta Gray Owl (Archibald Belaney) a De Montfort Hall a Leicester, kuma shawararsa ta kiyayewa ta rinjaye su. A cewar Richard, David ya kasance "kudurin mutumin na ceton beaver, saboda zurfin saninsa na flora da fauna na jejin Kanada da kuma gargadin da ya yi na bala'in muhalli ya kamata a lalata ma'auni mai laushi da ke tsakanin su. Tunanin cewa dan Adam yana jefa yanayi cikin haɗari ta hanyar wawashewa da wawashe dukiyarsa ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. credo har yau."A cikin 1999 Richard ya ba da umarnin wani fim na tarihin rayuwar Belaney mai suna Grey Owl.An karantar da Attenborough a Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys a Leicester. Ya samu gurbin karatu a Kwalejin Clare da ke Cambridge a shekarar 1945 don karantar ilimin geology da dabbobi kuma ya sami digiri a kimiyyar halitta.A cikin 1947 an kira shi don hidimar ƙasa a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal kuma ya yi shekaru biyu yana aiki a Arewacin Wales da Firth of Forth.
Shekarun farko a bbc
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan ya bar aikin sojan ruwa, Attenborough ya dauki matsayi yana gyara litattafan kimiyyar yara don kamfanin buga littattafai. Ba da da ewa ba ya ji daɗin aikin kuma a cikin 1950 ya nemi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da magana ta rediyo tare da BBC. Ko da yake an ƙi shi don wannan aikin, daga baya tsarin karatunsa ya jawo sha'awar Mary Adams, shugabar sashen Tattaunawa (gaskiya) na Sashen Talabijin na BBC.Attenborough, kamar yawancin ’yan Birtaniyya a wancan lokacin, bai mallaki talabijin ba kuma ya ga shiri guda ɗaya kawai a rayuwarsa.Ya karbi tayin Adams na horon watanni uku. A 1952 ya shiga aikin BBC na cikakken lokaci. Da farko an hana shi fitowa a kyamara saboda Adams yana tsammanin hakoransa sun yi girma sosai, ya zama furodusoshi na sashen Tattaunawa, wanda ke kula da duk shirye-shiryen da ba na almara ba. Ayyukansa na farko sun haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na dabba, kayan lambu, ma'adinai? da Song Hunter, jerin game da kiɗan jama'a wanda Alan Lomax ya gabatar.
Ƙungiyar Attenborough tare da shirye-shiryen tarihin dabi'a sun fara ne lokacin da ya ƙirƙira kuma ya gabatar da jerin sassa uku na Dabbobi. Shirin da aka ɗaure a ɗakin studio ya ƙunshi dabbobi daga Zoo na London, tare da masanin halitta Julian Huxley yana tattaunawa game da amfani da su na kama-karya, aposematism da nunin zawarci. Ta hanyar wannan shirin, Attenborough ya sadu da Jack Lester, mai kula da gidan dabbobi masu rarrafe, kuma sun yanke shawarar yin jerin gwano game da balaguron tattara dabbobi. Sakamakon ya kasance Zoo Quest, wanda aka fara watsawa a cikin 1954, inda Attenborough ya zama mai gabatarwa a ɗan gajeren sanarwa saboda rashin lafiyar Lester.
A cikin 1957 an kafa Sashin Tarihin Halitta na BBC a hukumance a Bristol. An nemi Attenborough ya shiga cikinta, amma ya ƙi, ba ya son ƙaura daga Landan inda shi da danginsa suka zauna. Maimakon haka, ya kafa nasa sashen, Sashen Balaguro da Bincike, wanda ya ba shi damar ci gaba da zuwa gaban Zoo Quest tare da samar da wasu shirye-shirye, musamman jerin Tatsuniyoyi da Kasada. A farkon shekarun 1960 Attenborough ya yi murabus daga ma’aikatan dindindin na BBC don yin karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin zamantakewa a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, tare da saka karatunsa tare da yin fim. Sai dai ya amsa gayyatar da aka yi masa na komawa BBC a matsayin mai kula da BBC Two kafin ya kammala digiri
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ name=seb>"Ethiopia's Prof. Sebsebe Demissew awarded prestigious Kew International Medal". Kew.org. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ↑ name="NPR review">Bianculli, David (7 May 2021). "'Attenborough's Journey' Salutes the Broadcaster with a Passion for Nature". Fresh Air. NPR. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ↑ Bianculli, David (7 May 2021). "'Attenborough's Journey' Salutes the Broadcaster with a Passion for Nature". Fresh Air. NPR. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021
- ↑ Waldemayer, Winston (28 January 2009). "Short Sharp Science: Eye-burrowing worms, national treasures... and creationism". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
- ↑ Kendall, Paul (31 January 2009). "Sir David Attenborough: 'Man was given permission to exploit the natural world by the Bible'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014
- ↑ Margaret Thatcher, Richard Branson and Judi Dench picked as National Treasures". The Daily Telegraph. London. 18 September 2008. Archivedfrom the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October2014.
- ↑ Waldemayer, Winston (28 January 2009). "Short Sharp Science: Eye-burrowing worms, national treasures... and creationism". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
- ↑ Kendall, Paul (31 January 2009). "Sir David Attenborough: 'Man was given permission to exploit the natural world by the Bible'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ↑ "Margaret Thatcher, Richard Branson and Judi Dench picked as National Treasures". The Daily Telegraph. London. 18 September 2008. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.