David Kato

 

David Kato Kisule (c. 1964 – 26 January 2011) was a Ugandan teacher and LGBT rights activist, considered a father of Uganda's gay rights movement and described as "Uganda's first openly gay man". He served as advocacy officer for Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG).

An kashe Kato ne a gidansa a ranar 26 ga watan Junairu, 2011, jim kadan bayan ya ci nasara a wata mujalla da ta buga sunansa da hotonsa da ke nuna cewa dan luwadi ne da kuma neman a kashe shi.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haife shi ga dangin Kisule a ƙauyen kakanninsu na Nakawala, Majalisar Birnin Namataba, Gundumar Mukono, an ba shi sunan "Kato" saboda shi ne ƙarami na tagwaye. Ya yi karatu a King's College Budo da Jami'ar Kyambogo kuma ya koyar a makarantu daban-daban ciki har da Cibiyar Koyar da Fasaha ta Nile da ke Njeru kusa da Jinja. A nan ne ya fahimci yanayin jima'i kuma daga baya aka kore shi ba tare da wata fa'ida ba a cikin 1991. Daga baya, ya fito wurin ɗan'uwansa tagwaye John Malumba Wasswa.

Ya tafi ya koyar da 'yan shekaru a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin da take rikidewa daga mulkin wariyar launin fata zuwa dimokuradiyyar kabilu daban-daban, inda kawo karshen dokar wariyar launin fata a kan luwadi da kuma ci gaban 'yancin LGBT a Afirka ta Kudu. Da ya dawo Uganda a 1998, ya yanke shawarar fitowa fili ta hanyar taron manema labarai; an kama shi kuma aka tsare shi a hannun ‘yan sanda na tsawon mako guda saboda wannan mataki. Ya ci gaba da ci gaba da tuntuɓar masu fafutuka na LGBT a wajen ƙasar, tare da babban darektan LGEP Phumzile S. Mtetwa daga baya ya ambaci haduwa da Kato a taron ILGA na Duniya na 1999.

Lokacin da aka kafa makarantar firamare ta St Herman Nkoni Boys a cikin 2002 a cikin Diocese na Roman Katolika na Masaka ( gundumar Masaka), Kato ya shiga cikin baiwa.

Haɗin kai da SMUG

Kato ya shiga cikin kungiyar kare hakkin LGBT ta karkashin kasa a Uganda, daga karshe ya zama daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa SMUG a ranar 3 ga Maris 2004.

A cewar jerin bayanan sirrin da wani jami’in diflomasiyar Amurka da ke Kampala ya rubuta, daga baya kuma WikiLeaks ya fitar, Kato ya yi magana a lokacin wani taron tuntuba da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi a watan Nuwamba 2009 kan hakkin dan Adam. A yayin taron, Kato ya yi magana kan batun 'yancin LGBT da yanayin adawa da LGBT a Uganda. Mambobin Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Uganda "sun yi ba'a da izgili a fili" yayin jawabin.

Wani jita-jita da aka yada cewa dan majalisar David Bahati, babban mai gabatar da kara kan dokar yaki da luwadi da madigo ta Uganda, ya umarci babban sufeton ‘yan sandan kasar da ya kama Kato, lamarin da ya sa Kato da sauran mambobin kungiyar SMUG suka fice daga taron nan take bayan ya kammala jawabin. Daga nan sai Bahati ya yi “cika da luwadi” a wurin taron, wanda ya haifar da tafi da yawa kuma Martin Ssempa, wani limamin Kirista na bishara, ya bugi teburi bisa yarda.

A shekara ta 2010, Kato ya bar aikinsa a matsayin malamin makaranta don mayar da hankali kan aikinsa tare da SMUG saboda abubuwan da suka faru da ke kewaye da Dokar Yaki da Jima'i ta Uganda . Daga baya aka ba Kato wata shekara guda a Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da ke Jami'ar York a Ingila, cibiyar da ke ba da zumunci ga masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam masu rauni da barazanar kare hakkin dan Adam a matsayin hutu daga haɗarin da suke fuskanta a kasashensu.

Shari'ar Rolling Stone

Kato yana cikin mutane 100 da jaridar ta Rolling Stone ta Uganda ta buga sunayensu da hotunansu a watan Oktoban 2010 a wata makala da ta yi kira da a kashe su a matsayin 'yan luwadi. Kato da wasu ‘yan kungiyar SMUG guda biyu wadanda suma aka jera a cikin labarin – Kasha Nabagesera da Pepe Julian Onziema – sun maka jaridar ne domin ta dakatar da buga sunaye da hotunan mutanen da ake kyautata zaton ‘yan luwadi ne ko ‘yan madigo. Hotunan an buga su ne a karkashin taken "Rataye su" kuma an haɗa su da adiresoshin mutane.

An ba da karar ne a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2010, yadda ya kamata don dakatar da bugawa na Rolling Stone.[./David_Kato#cite_note-CNN110210-12 [1]] Giles Muhame, manajan editan jaridar, ya yi sharhi: "Ban ga umarnin kotu ba amma yaƙin da aka yi wa 'yan luwadi za a ci gaba. Dole ne mu kare yaranmu daga wannan lalata ta ɗan luwaɗi. " A ranar 3 ga Janairun 2011, Babban Kotun Mai Shari'a V. F. Kibuuka Musoke ya yanke hukuncin cewa Rolling Stone ta buga jerin sunayen, da kuma ya biyo bayan tashin hankali, ya yi barazanar Kato da sauran 'yancin asali da' yanci na sirri; kuma ya keta haƙƙinsu na tsarin mulki. . Kotun ta umarci jaridar ta biya Kato da sauran masu shigar da kara biyu USh  miliyan 1.5 kowannensu (kimanin US $ 600 a watan Mayu 2012).  

Kisan kai

A ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2011, da misalin karfe 2:00 na rana EAT (11:00 UTC), bayan tattaunawa ta wayar tarho da dan kungiyar SMUG Julian Pepe Onziema 'yan sa'o'i kadan kafin, an kai wa Kato hari a gidansa da ke Bukusa, cikin Garin Mukono. . da wani mutum ya buga masa guduma a kai sau biyu. Sai mutumin ya gudu da ƙafa. Daga baya Kato ya rasu akan hanyar zuwa babban asibitin Kawolo. Abokan aikin Kato sun lura cewa Kato ya yi magana game da karuwar barazana da cin zarafi tun bayan nasarar kotu, kuma sun yi imanin cewa jima'i da kuma gwagwarmayar da ya yi shi ne dalilin kisan.

Joe Oloka-Onyango, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Kato a kan shari'ar kotu, ya ce, "Wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki da zai faru a tsakiyar rana, kuma yana ba da shawarar yin tunani. " A cewar rahotanni a cikin The New York Times da Sydney Morning Herald, an gabatar da tambayoyi game da kisan da ke da alaƙa da jima'i na Kato. Human Rights Watch da Amnesty International sun yi kira ga bincike mai zurfi da rashin son kai game da lamarin, da kuma kariya ga masu gwagwarmayar gay. James Nsaba Buturo, Ministan Harkokin Waje da Aminci na Uganda, yana cikin rikodin cewa ya bayyana cewa "Masu luwadi na iya mantawa da haƙƙin ɗan adam".

Kaddamarwa

Wani mai magana da yawun 'yan sanda da farko ya zargi kisan a kan' yan fashi wadanda ake zargin sun kashe akalla mutane 10 a yankin a cikin watanni biyu da suka gabata. 'Yan sanda sun kama wanda ake zargi, direban Kato, kuma suna neman na biyu. A ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, 'yan sanda sun sanar da kama Nsubuga Enoch, suna mai cewa ya furta kisan. Wani mai magana da yawun 'yan sanda ya bayyana Anuhu a matsayin "sanannen ɓarawo" kuma mai kula da lambu na gida, amma ya bayyana game da dalilin da ake zargi da Anuhu, "Ba fashi ba ne kuma ba saboda Kato mai fafutuka ba ne. Rashin jituwa ne amma ba zan iya faɗi fiye da haka ba".

Wani majiya na 'yan sanda ya zargi Uganda Monitor cewa Enoch ya kashe Kato saboda Kato ba zai biya shi don alheri na jima'i ba, zargin da jakadan Uganda a Belgium ya sake maimaitawa a cikin wata wasika ga Shugaban Majalisar Tarayyar Turai Jerzy Buzek. Jakadan Uganda daga baya ya sake jaddada wannan labarin a cikin wata wasika zuwa ga Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, yana mai cewa Kato ya riga ya biya "karuwansa" don a sake shi daga kurkuku, amma sai ya kai masa hari saboda kin biyan kuɗin jima'i.

Tabbatar da shi

Bayan da mazauna Nakabago suka gansu a gundumar Mukono, an kama Sidney Nsubuga Enoch, kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na jihar, Loe Karungi ya gurfanar da shi a gaban babbar kotun Mukono. Mai shari’a Joseph Mulangira ya yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 30 tare da aiki tukuru a ranar Alhamis 10 ga Nuwamba 2011. Dalilin da ya sa shi ne fashi.

An yi jana'izar Kato a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2011, a Nakawala. Wadanda suka halarci jana'izar sun hada da dangi, abokai da masu fafutuka, da yawa daga cikinsu suna sanye da t-shirts dauke da hotonsa a gaba, da Portuguese "la [sic] luta continua" a baya kuma suna da launin tutar bakan gizo a rubuce a hannun hannayen riga. Wani mai wa’azin Kirista a wurin jana’izar – Fasto Thomas Musoke – ya yi wa’azi a kan ‘yan luwadi da madigo da ke wurin, inda ya kwatanta da Saduma da Gwamrata, kafin masu fafutuka su ruga zuwa kan mimbari suka kwace masa makirifo, inda suka tilasta masa ja da baya daga kan mimbari zuwa gidan mahaifin Kato.

Wata mata mai fafutuka da ba a tantance ba a fusace ta ce "Waye kai da za ka hukunta wasu?" kuma mutanen kauyen sun goyi bayan wa'azin yayin da ake ta yin taho-mu-gama. Mutanen kauyen sun ki binne Kato a inda aka binne shi. Abokansa da abokan aikinsa suka gudanar da aikin. A maimakon mai wa'azi wanda ya bar wurin bayan yaƙin, bishop na Ikilisiyar Uganda Christopher Senyonjo ya yi aiki a jana'izar Kato a gaban abokai da kyamarori.

Halin da aka yi da yabo

Human Rights Watch ta yi tir da kisan, tare da babbar jami'ar bincike a Afirka Maria Burnett ta kara da cewa "mutuwar David Kato babban rashi ne ga kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama." Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty International ta ce ta yi matukar kaduwa da kisan gillar da aka yi wa David Kato, kuma ta yi kira da a gudanar da sahihin bincike ba tare da nuna son kai ba kan kisan nasa". Dukansu sun nemi gwamnatin Uganda ta kare wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan luwadi.

Shugaban Amurka Barack Obama, Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Hillary Clinton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, da Tarayyar Turai Har ila yau, ya yi Allah wadai da kisan, ya kuma bukaci mahukuntan Uganda da su binciki laifin da ake zarginsu da aikatawa, tare da yin magana kan nuna kyama da kyamar baki. "Na yi matukar bakin ciki da samun labarin kisan," in ji Obama. “Dawuda ya nuna gaba gaɗi wajen yin magana da ƙiyayya. "

Rowan Williams, Archbishop na Anglican na Canterbury, ya yi magana a madadin kungiyar Anglican Communion, "Irin wannan tashin hankali [kamar mutuwar David Kato] an yi Allah wadai da shi daga kungiyar Anglican Communion a duk duniya. Wannan taron kuma ya sa ya zama mafi gaggawa ga Gwamnatin Burtaniya don tabbatar da tsaron lafiyar masu neman mafaka na LGBT a Burtaniya. 'yan tsiraru na jima'i."

Don rawar da jaridar ta taka a kisan, editan Rolling Stone Giles Muhame ya ce "Lokacin da muka kira ga rataye 'yan luwadi, muna nufin ... bayan sun shiga cikin tsarin shari'a ... ban yi kira ga a kashe su da jini mai sanyi kamar yadda yake ba. " Koyaya, ya ce, "Ba ni da nadama game da labarin. Muna fallasa mutanen da ke yin kuskure kawai. "

A cikin bazara 2011, Boston's American Repertory Theater da System of a Down's Serj Tankian sadaukar da su samar da Prometheus Bound zuwa Kato da kuma bakwai sauran masu fafutuka, suna bayyana a cikin shirin bayanin cewa "ta rera labarin Prometheus, Allah wanda ya saba wa Zeus azzalumi ta wurin ba wa bil'adama murya na zamani duka biyu wuta da fasaha, wannan samarwa ko kuma kawo karshen bege ga waɗanda aka zalunta a halin yanzu".

Taron Gay Pride a York, United Kingdom, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 2011 ya tuna da Kato. An yi shiru na minti daya kuma an saki daruruwan balloons masu launin bakan gizo don tunawa da shi daga dan majalisa mai wakiltar York ta tsakiya Hugh Bayley da Lord magajin garin York.

An kafa kyautar David Kato Vision & Voice Award a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa. An sanar da mai karɓar 2012, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin LGBTQ ɗan Jamaica Maurice Tomlinson, a ranar 14 ga Disamba 2011 kuma an ba shi lambar yabo a ranar 29 ga Janairu 2012 a London. Ƙungiyoyin da suka shiga sun haɗa da Dandalin Duniya akan MSM & HIV (MSMGF), Ƙungiyoyin Jima'i na Uganda (SMUG), Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya (IPPF), GIZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Herbert Smith LLP, da ILGA-Turai.

A cikin 2014, an shigar da Kato cikin Legacy Walk, nunin waje na jama'a a Chicago, Illinois wanda ke murnar tarihin LGBTQ da mutane.

A ranar 16 ga Yuni 2021, Jami'ar York ta ba da sanarwar cewa Kato ne zai zama magajin sabuwar kwalejin David Kato, kwalejin farko a harabar York da za a sanya wa suna ɗan asalin Afirka.

Fim din

Masu shirya fina-finai na Amurka Katherine Fairfax Wright da Malika Zouhali-Worrall sun yi hira da Kato don fim din fim game da rayuwarsa, Call Me Kuchu, wanda aka fara a bikin fina-fakka na Berlin a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2012. Wani ɗan gajeren fim ta amfani da hotuna daga fim ɗin, Za su ce ba mu nan ba, an buga shi a shafin yanar gizon New York Times a ranar tunawa da mutuwarsa.

Kato ya sadu da Roger Ross Williams jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa kuma ya kasance wahayi a cikin yin God Loves Uganda (2013), wani shirin da ke bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin bisharar Kirista a Arewacin Amurka da Uganda.

Dubi kuma

• Ma'aikatun Gaskiya
• Hakkin LGBT a Uganda