David Mavrogonato
David Mavrogonato (ko Maurogonato; ya mutu 1470) ɗan kasuwa ne na Yahudawa na Crete, mai neman taimako, kuma ɗan leƙen asiri ga Jamhuriyar Venice a Daular Ottoman . [1] [2] [3][4] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga firistocin Girka. Ya ba da rahoton shirin tawaye na Crete ga Venice. Ayyukansa na nasara a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya na Venice ya sami zuriyarsa a cirewa daga manufofin da aka yi wa Yahudawa da suka fada ƙarƙashin ikon mulkin mallaka a lokacin.
Rayuwa da aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A sakamakon ayyukansa ga Venice, an ba iyalinsa dama ta musamman da suka kiyaye har zuwa karni na 17. [4] Yahudawa a lokacin a Venice suna ƙarƙashin haraji na nuna bambanci kuma suna buƙatar tufafin da ke nuna su a matsayin Yahudawa.[5] A cikin 1463 da 1466, don dawo da rahoton wani makirci don hambarar da mulkin mallaka na Venetian na tsibirin Crete a cikin 1453, Majalisar Goma ta ba shi hutun haraji, haƙƙin kada ya biya ƙarin haraji saboda daga al'ummar Yahudawa, haƙƙin shi da magada su sa lambar da aka tilasta wa Yahudawa su sa ko duk wata tufafin da za ta nuna shi a matsayin Bayahude, haƙƙin zama a duk inda yake so a birnin Candia (Cretean), haƙƙin sayar da kasuwancinsa a kan jiragen ruwa na Venetiyan, da kuma biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara. An biya shi 3000 hyperpera da kuma fansho na shekara-shekara na 500 hyperpera, wanda aka ci gaba da biya 'ya'yansa bayan mutuwarsa.
A lokacin ana buƙatar Yahudawa su sa murfin rawaya ko ja, amma an yarda shi da zuriyarsa su sa baƙar fata ba. An ba wa zuriyarsa Elia Mavrogonato damar sa baƙar fata a shekara ta 1616 . An ba wa zuriyarsa "mai kyau likita" Jeremiah Mavrogonato a cikin 1633 da 1638 ya zauna a waje da Ghetto na Yahudawa na Venice kuma ya sa baƙar fata ba tare da an dame shi ko azabtar da shi ba, kuma ya zo ya tafi kamar yadda yake so.
David ya kuma shiga cikin tattaunawar zaman lafiya tare da Mehmet II kuma Venetians sun tura shi Istanbul sau da yawa.[1] Duk da haka, David ba ɗan ƙasa ba ne duk da samun kariya daga jihar, kuma an tilasta masa ya zauna a Venice na 'yan shekaru don kauce wa ramuwar gayya daga waɗanda ya zargi.[2] Yahudawa na tsibirin sun zarge shi da nuna adawa da Yahudawa.[3] Musa Capsali, rabbi na Constantinople, ya yi masa barazanar korar shi saboda kasancewa malshin ko mai ba da labari. Daga baya ya danƙa wa mai tsaron jikinsa Salomone na Piove di Sacco al'amuransa. [4][5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Jacoby, David (1964). "David Mavrogonato of Candia, Fifteenth Century Jewish Merchant, Intercessor and Spy". Tarbiz (in Ibrananci). לג (ד): 388–402. ISSN 0334-3650. JSTOR 23591058.
- ↑ Jacoby, David (2010). "Jews and Christians in Venetian Crete: Segregation, Interaction, and Conflict". "Interstizi": Culture ebraico-cristiane a Venezia e nei suoi domini dal medioevo all'età moderna.
- ↑ Jacoby, David (1963). "On the Status of Jews in the Venetian Colonies in the Middle Ages". Zion (in Ibrananci). כח (א/ב): 57–69. ISSN 0044-4758. JSTOR 23552159.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Papadia-Lala, Anastasia (1 December 2012). "The Jews in early modern Venetian Crete: community and identities". Mediterranean Historical Review. 27 (2): 141–150. doi:10.1080/09518967.2012.730803. ISSN 0951-8967. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Papadia-Lala-2012" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jacoby, David (1964). "David Mavrogonato of Candia, Fifteenth Century Jewish Merchant, Intercessor and Spy". Tarbiz (in Ibrananci). לג (ד): 388–402. ISSN 0334-3650. JSTOR 23591058.