Democratic Party

Jam'iyyar Democrat ta (Amurka) na daya daga cikin jam'iyyar siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi a Amurka, tana zaune a tsakiya zuwa tsakiya-hagu na bangaren siyasa. An kafa shi a 1828, ita ce jam'iyyar siyasa mafi tsufa a duniya. Babban abokin hamayyarsa shine Jam'iyyar Republican, kuma tun daga shekarun 1850, dukansu sun mamaye siyasar Amurka.Jam'iyyar Democrat da farko ta goyi bayan Dimokuradiyya ta Jacksonian, aikin gona, da fadada ƙasa, yayin da take adawa da bankin kasa da manyan haraji. 'Yan Democrat sun lashe shida daga cikin zabukan shugaban kasa guda takwas daga 1828 zuwa 1856, sun rasa sau biyu ga Whigs. A cikin 1860, jam'iyyar ta rabu zuwa bangarorin Arewa da Kudancin kan Bautar. Jam'iyyar ta ci gaba da mamayewa ta hanyar son gona, ya bambanta da goyon bayan Jamhuriyar Republican ga Babban kasuwanci Gilded Age. 'Yan takarar Democrat sun lashe shugabancin sau biyu kawai tsakanin 1860 da 1908, kodayake sun lashe kuri'un da aka fi sani sau biyu a wannan lokacin.[lower-alpha 1] A lokacin Progressive Era, wasu bangarorin jam'iyyar sun goyi bayan sake fasalin ci gaba, tare da Woodrow Wilson da aka zaba a matsayin shugaban kasa a 1912 da 1916.A shekara ta 1932, an zabi Franklin D. Roosevelt a matsayin shugaban kasa bayan ya yi kamfen kan martani mai karfi ga Babban Mawuyacin hali. Shirye-shiryen Sabon Yarjejeniya sun kirkiro hadin gwiwar Democrat wanda ya hada fararen mutanen Kudancin, ma'aikatan Arewa, Kungiyoyin kwadago, 'Yan Afirka na Afirka, Katolika da Al'ummomin Yahudawa, masu ci gaba, da masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Daga ƙarshen shekarun 1930, 'Yan tsiraru masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a bangaren kudancin jam'iyyar sun shiga cikin 'yan Republican don jinkirta da dakatar da ci gaba da sake fasalin cikin gida. Bayan Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama da kuma zamanin Great Society na ci gaba a karkashin Lyndon B. Johnson, wanda sau da yawa ya iya shawo kan hadin gwiwar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin shekarun 1960, yawancin fararen Kudancin sun sauya zuwa Jam'iyyar Republican yayin da jihohin Arewa maso gabas suka zama mafi aminci ga Democrat. Jam'iyyar kwadago ta jam'iyyar ta raunana tun daga shekarun 1970s a cikin rashin masana'antu, kuma a cikin shekarun 1980s ta rasa masu jefa kuri'a da yawa ga 'yan Republican a karkashin Ronald Reagan. Zaben Bill Clinton a shekarar 1992 ya nuna canji ga jam'iyyar zuwa tsakiya da Hanyar Na Uku, yana canza matsayinta na tattalin arziki zuwa manufofin kasuwa. Barack Obama ya lura da aiwatar da Dokar Kulawa mai araha a cikin 2010, wanda ya wuce tare da layin jam'iyya.A kan batutuwan tattalin arziki, jam'iyyar ta goyi bayan sake fasalin kiwon lafiya, biyan hutun rashin lafiya, biyan izinin iyali da tallafawa kungiyoyin kwadago. A kan batutuwan zamantakewa, tana ba da shawara ga haƙƙin zubar da ciki, kula da bindiga, Hakkin LGBTQ, mataki kan Canjin yanayi, Halatta wiwi, da kuma hanyar zama ɗan ƙasa ga baƙi marasa takardar shaidar. Tun daga shekara ta 2016, jam'iyyar ta ga ci gaba mai mahimmanci a tallafawa ci gaba. A cikin manufofin kasashen waje, jam'iyyar tana goyon bayan sassaucin ra'ayi na kasa da kasa da taimakon Ukraine, da kuma tsayayya da China da Rasha.

Tarihi

Jami'an Jam'iyyar Democrat galibi suna gano asalinsa ga Jam'iyyar Democratic-Republican, wanda Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, da sauran masu adawa da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka kafa a cikin shekara ta 1792. Wannan jam'iyyar ta mutu kafin a shirya Jam'iyyar Democrat ta zamani; jam'iyyar Jeffersonian ta kuma yi wa Whigs da 'yan Republican na zamani wahayi zuwa gare ta. Masana tarihi suna jayayya cewa an fara shirya Jam'iyyar Democrat ta zamani a ƙarshen shekarun 1820 tare da zaben jarumin yaki Andrew Jackson na Tennessee, wanda ya sa ta zama jam'iyyar siyasa mafi tsufa a duniya. Martin Van Buren ne ya gina shi wanda ya tara manyan 'yan siyasa a kowace jiha a bayan Jackson. Tun lokacin da aka zabi William Jennings Bryan a shekara ta 1896, jam'iyyar ta sanya kanta a gefen hagu na Jam'iyyar Republican kan batutuwan tattalin arziki. 'Yan Democrat sun kasance masu sassaucin ra'ayi a kan' yancin bil'adama tun 1948, kodayake ƙungiyoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin Jam'iyyar Democrat da ke adawa da su sun ci gaba a Kudu har zuwa shekarun 1960. A kan manufofin kasashen waje, jam'iyyun biyu sun canza matsayi sau da yawa.

Yaƙin basasar Amurka

'Yan Democrat sun rabu game da bautar, tare da tikitin Arewa da Kudancin a zaben 1860, inda Jam'iyyar Republican ta sami rinjaye. Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi Masu cin wuta sun jagoranci zanga-zangar a taron biyu lokacin da wakilai ba za su amince da ƙuduri na tallafawa fadada bautar zuwa yankuna ba koda kuwa masu jefa kuri'a na waɗannan yankuna ba sa son hakan. Wadannan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat ta Kudu sun zabi mataimakin shugaban kasa mai goyon bayan bautar, John C. Breckinridge na Kentucky, a matsayin shugaban kasa da Janar Joseph Lane, na Oregon, a matsayin mataimakin Shugaban kasa. 'Yan Democrat na Arewa sun zabi Sanata Stephen A. Douglas na Illinois a matsayin shugaban kasa kuma tsohon Gwamnan Georgia Herschel V. Johnson a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa. Wannan fashewar 'yan Democrat ya haifar da nasarar Jamhuriyar Republican kuma an zabi Ibrahim Lincoln a matsayin shugaban Amurka na 16.Yayin da Yaƙin basasar Amurka ya ɓarke, 'yan Democrat na Arewa sun kasu kashi biyu zuwa' 'Yan Democrat na Yakin da' 'Yan Democrat na Zaman Lafiya. Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka da gangan sun guje wa jam'iyyun siyasa da aka tsara. Yawancin 'yan jam'iyyar War Democrats sun taru da shugaban jam'iyyar Republican Abraham Lincoln da jam'iyyar National Union Party a zaben 1864, wanda ya nuna Andrew Johnson a kan tikitin Union don jawo hankalin' yan jam'iyyar Democrat. Johnson ya maye gurbin Lincoln a 1865, amma ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga jam'iyyun biyu.