Democritus
 Democritus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Ancient Abdera (en)  da Miletus (en) , 460s "BCE" |
| ƙasa | Greek |
| Mutuwa | Greek, 360s "BCE" |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Ahali |
Herodotus (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Dalibin daktanci | Bion na Abdera |
| Harsuna |
Ancient Greek (en) |
| Malamai |
Leucippus (en) |
| Ɗalibai |
view
|
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
mai falsafa, masanin lissafi da art historian (en) |
| Muhimman ayyuka |
quadratrix of Hippias (en) |
| Wanda ya ja hankalinsa |
Leucippus (en) |
| Fafutuka |
atomism (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | mulhidanci |
Democritus (/dɪˈmɒkrɪtəs/, dim-OCK-rit-əs; Girkanci: Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, ma'ana "wanda aka zaɓa daga cikin mutane"; c. 460 – c. 370 BC) wani masanin falsafa ne na Girka na zamanin da kafin mulkin Sokrati daga Abdera, wanda aka fi tunawa da shi a yau saboda ƙirƙirar ka'idar atomic ta sararin samaniya.[1] Democritus ya yi rubutu sosai kan batutuwa daban-daban.[1]
Babu wani aikin Democritus na asali da ya tsira, sai dai ta hanyar nassoshi na biyu. Yawancin waɗannan nassoshi sun fito ne daga Aristotle, wanda ya kalli shi a matsayin muhimmin abokin hamayya a fagen falsafar halitta.[1] An san shi a zamanin d ̄ a a matsayin 'masanin falsafa mai dariya' saboda jaddada darajar farin ciki.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kodayake labarai da yawa game da rayuwar Democritus sun tsira, ba za a iya tabbatar da sahihancinsu ba kuma malaman zamani suna shakkar daidaito.[2]
A cewar Aristotle, an haifi Democritus a Abdera, a bakin tekun Thrace . [2] Ya kasance masanin ilimin lissafi kuma marubuci mai yawa, ya samar da kusan litattafai tamanin a kan batutuwa kamar shayari, jituwa, dabarun soja, da tauhidin Babila. Wasu sun kira shi Milesian, kuma sunan mahaifinsa ma an bayyana shi daban. Apollodorus ya kafa shekarar haihuwarsa a shekarar farko ta Olympiad ta 80, ko 460 BC, yayin da Thrasyllus ya kira shi shekara ta 3 ta Olympiade ta 77. Democritus ya kira kansa shekaru arba'in da ya fi Anaxagoras ƙanƙanta. Mahaifinsa, Hegesistratus, - ko kuma kamar yadda wasu ke kiransa Damasippus ko Athenocritus, - yana da dukiya mai yawa, har ya sami damar karɓar da kuma kula da Xerxes a kan tafiyarsa ta Abdera .
Democritus ya yi amfani da gadon da mahaifinsa ya bar masa a kan tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe masu nisa, wanda ya yi don gamsar da ƙishirwa mai ban mamaki na ilimi. Ya yi tafiya a wani bangare mai yawa na Asiya, kuma, a matsayin wasu jihohi, har ma ya isa Indiya da Habasha.[undefined] Mun san cewa ya rubuta a kan Babila da Meroe; dole ne ya ziyarci Misira, kuma Diodorus Siculus [1] har ma ya ce, ya zauna a can na tsawon shekaru biyar. Shi da kansa ya bayyana, cewa daga cikin tsaransa babu wanda ya yi tafiye-tafiye mafi girma, ya ga kasashe da yawa, kuma ya san mutane da yawa da suka bambanta a kowane irin kimiyya fiye da kansa.[2] Daga cikin na ƙarshe ya ambaci musamman masana lissafin Masar (ἀρπεδόναπ-ται; comp. Sturz, de Dialect. Maced. p. 98), wanda ya yaba da ilimin, ba tare da, duk da haka, game da kansa ƙasa da su ba. Theophrastus, ma, ya yi magana game da shi a matsayin mutumin da ya ga kasashe da yawa.[3] Muradinsa ne ya sami ilimi mai zurfi game da yanayi wanda ya kai shi cikin ƙasashe masu nisa a lokacin da tafiya ita ce babbar hanyar samun al'adun ilimi da kimiyya; kuma bayan ya koma ƙasarsa ya shagaltar da kansa kawai da bincike na falsafa, musamman kamar yadda ya shafi tarihin halitta.[4]
A Girka kanta, ya yi ƙoƙari ta hanyar tafiya da zama a cikin manyan biranen don samun ilimin al'adun Helenanci da wayewa. Ya ambaci masana falsafa na Girka da yawa a cikin rubuce-rubucensa, kuma dukiyarsa ta ba shi damar siyan ayyukan da suka rubuta. Ta haka ne ya yi nasara wajen nunawa, gwargwadon iliminsa, duk masana falsafar Girka na farko, daga cikinsu Leucippus, wanda ya kafa ka'idar atomatik, an ce ya yi tasiri sosai a kan karatunsa na falsafa. Ra'ayin cewa shi almajirin Anaxagoras ne ko na Pythagoreans, watakila ya fito ne kawai daga gaskiyar, cewa ya ambaci su a cikin rubuce-rubucensa. Labarin ƙiyayya da ya yi wa Anaxagoras, ya sabawa wurare da yawa inda ya yi magana game da shi dangane da yabo mai girma. An ci gaba da cewa, ya kasance a kan abota da Hippocrates, kuma wasu marubuta har ma suna magana game da wasika tsakanin Democritus da Hippocates; amma wannan sanarwa ba ta da alama ta cancanci yabo. Kamar yadda ya kasance zamani na Plato, yana iya zama cewa ya saba da Socrates, watakila ma da Plato, wanda, duk da haka, bai ambaci Democritus a ko'ina ba. Aristotle ya bayyana shi da ra'ayoyinsa a matsayin na zamanin pre-Socratic; amma wasu malamai, kamar Groen van Prinsterer, sun tabbatar da cewa akwai alamomi a cikin Plato wanda ke nuna alaƙa da Democritus, a cikin harshen Plato da kuma salon kwaikwayon Democritus.