Demokradiyya na fasaha

Demokradiyya na fasaha
process (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Rarraba (kasuwanci)

Dimokuradiyya na fasaha yana nufin tsarin da damar samun fasaha da sauri ke fadadawa ga masu sauraro masu yawa, musamman daga zaɓaɓɓen rukuni na mutane zuwa matsakaicin jama'a. Sabbin fasahohi da ingantaccen kwarewar mai amfani sun ba da ikon waɗanda ke waje da masana'antar fasaha don samun dama da amfani da samfuran fasaha da ayyuka. A karuwar sikelin, masu amfani suna da damar yin amfani da sayen kayayyakin da suka dace da fasaha, da kuma shiga cikin ci gaban waɗannan samfuran. Sabunta masana'antu da buƙatun mai amfani an haɗa su da samfuran da suka fi araha, masu amfani. Wannan tsari ne mai gudana, wanda ya fara da ci gaban samar da taro kuma yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da ƙididdigar ta zama ruwan dare.

Thomas Friedman ya yi jayayya cewa zamanin duniya ya kasance alama ce ta dimokuradiyya ta fasaha, dimokuradiyar kudi, da dimokuradiya na bayanai. Fasahar ta kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin matakai biyu na ƙarshe, sauƙaƙe fadada saurin samun damar samun ilimi da kayan aiki na musamman, da kuma canza hanyar da mutane ke kallo da neman irin wannan damar. Wata hujja mai rikitarwa ita ce wannan tsari ne kawai na 'massification' - mutane da yawa zasu iya amfani da bankunan, fasaha, samun damar samun bayanai, amma ba yana nufin cewa akwai wani tasiri na dimokuradiyya a kan samar da shi ba, ko kuma wannan massification yana inganta Dimokuradiyya.

Tarihi

Masana da masu sukar zamantakewa galibi suna ambaton kirkirar na'urar buga littattafai a matsayin babban kirkirar da ta canza tarihin tarihi. Ƙarfin buga takardu ba a cikin tasirinsa a kan masana'antar bugawa ko masu kirkiro ba, amma a kan ikon da yake da shi na watsa bayanai ga jama'a ta hanyar samar da taro. Wannan taron an san shi sosai saboda tasirin zamantakewar al'umma - a matsayin ikon dimokuradiyya.

Sau da yawa ana ganin na'urar buga littattafai a matsayin takwaransa na tarihi ga Intanet.

Bayan ci gaban Intanet a shekarar 1969, amfani da shi ya kasance iyakance ga sadarwa tsakanin masana kimiyya da cikin gwamnati, kodayake amfani da imel da allon sun sami karbuwa tsakanin waɗanda ke da damar. Ba ta zama sanannen hanyar sadarwa ba har zuwa shekarun 1990. A cikin 1993 gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka ta buɗe Intanet don kasuwanci kuma kirkirar HTML ta zama tushen samun dama a duniya.

Manyan sababbin abubuwa

Intanet ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar zamani a matsayin fasalin yawancin gidajen Yamma, kuma ta kasance mabuɗin Dimokuradiyya na ilimi. Ba wai kawai ya zama mafi mahimmancin sababbin abubuwa a cikin wannan yanayin ba har zuwa yanzu; ya kuma ba masu amfani damar samun ilimi da samun dama ga wasu fasahohi. Masu amfani za su iya koyo game da sababbin abubuwan da suka faru da sauri, kuma su sayi samfuran fasaha masu inganci kawai ana tallata su ga sanannun masana. Wasu sun yi jayayya cewa lissafin girgije yana da babban tasiri ta hanyar ba da damar masu amfani da damar samun dama ta hanyar motsi da iyawar biyan kuɗi.

Kafofin sada zumunta sun kuma ba da ƙarfi da ƙarfafa masu amfani su zama masu ba da gudummawa da masu sukar ci gaban fasaha. Kayan aikin fasaha na wucin gadi na wucine ya sami damar dimokuradiyya don aiwatar da kirkire-kirkire ta hanyar inganta ikon mutane don ƙayyadewa da hangen nesa.

Tsarin budewa yana bawa masu amfani damar shiga kai tsaye a ci gaban software, maimakon shiga kai tsaye, ta hanyar ba da gudummawa. Ta hanyar siffantawa ta mai amfani, ci gaba yana amsawa kai tsaye ga buƙatar mai amfani kuma ana iya samun shi kyauta ko a farashi mai ƙarancin kuɗi. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, arduino da LittleBits sun sanya kayan lantarki sun fi dacewa ga masu amfani da kowane zamani da shekaru. Ci gaban na'urorin buga takardu na 3D yana da damar kara samar da dimokuradiyya.

Tasirin al'adu

Wannan yanayin yana da alaƙa da yaduwar ilimi da ikon yin ayyukan fasaha mai zurfi, yana kalubalantar ra'ayoyin da suka gabata na ƙwarewa.

Samun dama ga fasaha, gami da ƙananan farashi, yana da mahimmanci ga sauyawa zuwa sabon tattalin arziki. Hakazalika, dimokuradiyya na fasaha ya haifar da wannan canjin tattalin arziki, wanda ya samar da buƙatu don sababbin fasahohi da kyakkyawan fata a ci gaban da fasaha ke jagoranta.

Tun daga shekarun 1980s, yaduwar ra'ayi na constructivist na fasaha ya jaddada cewa yankunan zamantakewa da fasaha suna da alaƙa sosai. Masana sun yi jayayya cewa fasaha ba tsaka-tsaki ba ce, an bayyana ta hanyar mahallin da kuma cikin gida ta hanyar wata dangantaka da al'umma.

Andrew Feenberg, mai tunani na tsakiya a cikin falsafar fasaha, ya yi jayayya cewa fasahar dimokuradiyya tana nufin fadada ƙirar fasaha don haɗawa da wasu abubuwan sha'awa da dabi'u. Lokacin da aka ci nasara wajen yin hakan, wannan na iya zama kayan aiki don kara yawan jama'a. Wannan kuma yana nuna muhimmiyar rawar shiga ga masu amfani idan fasaha ta zama dimokuradiyya da gaske. Feenberg ya tabbatar da cewa dole ne a cimma wannan ta hanyar sa hannun mabukaci a cikin tsarin ƙira mai 'yanci.

Inganta damar samun ilimi da kayan aiki na musamman an haɗa su da karuwa a cikin yanayin "yi da kanka" (DIY). Hakanan an haɗa wannan da amfani, inda ake amfani da na'urori da software na sirri ko na sirri don dalilai na kasuwanci. Wasu sun yi jayayya cewa wannan yana da alaƙa da rage dogaro da sassan fasahar bayanai na gargajiya.

Astra Taylor, marubucin littafin The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age, ya yi jayayya, "Tallafawa da amateurism mai kunna Intanet shine maye gurbin ainihin daidaito na dama. "

Tasirin masana'antu

A wasu hanyoyi, dimokuradiyya na fasaha ya karfafa wannan masana'antar. Kasuwanci sun fadada kuma sun bambanta. Ra'ayoyin masu amfani da shigarwa suna samuwa a ƙananan ko babu farashi.

Koyaya, masana'antu masu alaƙa suna fuskantar raguwar buƙata ga ƙwararrun ƙwararru yayin da masu amfani ke iya cika ƙarin buƙatun su da kansu. Masu amfani da nau'ikan iri da matsayi suna da damar samun irin wannan fasaha. Saboda raguwar farashi da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don amfani da samfuran da software, ƙwararru (misali a masana'antar sauti) na iya fuskantar asarar aiki.

Tasirin siyasa

A wani zanga-zangar da aka yi a BMVIT, banners sun karanta, "Democracy yana buƙatar ba a san shi ba - dakatar da riƙe bayanai" (hagu) da kuma "Liberty dies with security" (dama).

Wasu malamai sun yi jayayya cewa canjin fasaha zai kawo kusan na uku na dimokuradiyya.[undefined] An san Intanet saboda rawar da take takawa wajen inganta karuwar fafutukar 'yan ƙasa da nuna gaskiya ga gwamnati.[2] Jesse Chen, babban mai tunani a cikin fasahar shiga dimokuradiyya, ya bambanta tasirin dimokuradiyar fasaha daga dimokuradiya kanta. Chen ya yi jayayya cewa, yayin da Intanet na iya samun tasirin dimokuradiyya, Intanet kadai ba zai iya isar da dimokuradiya a kowane matakin al'umma ba sai dai idan an tsara fasahar da gangan don bambancin dimokuradiyar, musamman ma shiga manyan kungiyoyin mutane tsakanin zabe a ciki da bayan gwamnati.[1]

Yaduwar Intanet da sauran nau'ikan fasaha sun haifar da karuwar haɗin duniya. Yawancin malamai sun yi imanin cewa an haɗa shi a cikin kasashe masu tasowa ba kawai da karuwar tasirin Yamma ba, har ma da yaduwar dimokuradiyya ta hanyar karuwar sadarwa, inganci, da samun dama ga bayanai. Masana sun jawo alaƙa tsakanin matakin haɗin fasaha da dimokuradiyya a kasashe da yawa.

Fasaha na iya inganta dimokuradiyya a kasashe masu tasowa. Baya ga karuwar sadarwa da nuna gaskiya, wasu masu jefa kuri'a sun aiwatar da jefa kuri'u a kan layi don karɓar karuwar yawan 'yan ƙasa.