Deuki
 Deuki | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Nepal |
Deuki tsohuwar al'ada ce da ake yi a yankunan yammacin Nepal inda ake miƙa yarinya ga Haikali yankin. Ayyukan suna raguwa.[1]
'Yan mata sun zama deukis ko dai saboda iyayensu suna ba su da fatan samun kariya da tagomashi mai kyau daga alloli ko kuma saboda iyayensu ke sayar da su ga ma'aurata masu arziki da ke neman amincewa mai tsarki. Iyalan matalauta waɗanda ke ba da 'ya'yansu mata suna samun matsayi da amincewa daga al'ummominsu daga sadaukarwar da suka yi. Sun kuma sami sauki daga nauyin neman mazaje ga 'ya'yansu mata.
Bayan sun miƙa 'yan mata zuwa haikalin, babu iyaye ko ma'aurata da suka sayi su da ke ba da taimako na kudi ko kuma suna da ƙarin hulɗa tare da deukis. Saboda an dauke su marasa cancanta ga aure kuma ba su karɓi kuɗi daga waɗanda suka keɓe su ga haikalin su ba, dole ne deukis su dogara da hadayar kuɗi na masu bautar zuwa haikalin. Ya bar ba tare da isasshen kudin shiga ba, babu ƙwarewa ko ilimi, da matsin lamba da aka kawo ta hanyar tabbacin gargajiya cewa jima'i da deuki na iya tsaftace zunubai da kawo sa'a mai kyau, ana tura deukis da yawa zuwa Jima'i na rayuwa, wani nau'i na karuwanci wanda ake siyar da jima'i don abubuwan da suka dace kamar abinci ko mafaka.
Saboda dokar da ke akwai da ke nuna cewa 'yan asalin Nepalese sun fada tare da layin mahaifin,' ya'ya mata da aka haifa ga deukis, wanda aka sani da devis, yawanci ba za su iya zama' yan ƙasar Nepal ba. An hana su samun ilimi da sauran ayyukan zamantakewa, mutane da yawa sun zama deukis. Kodayake canjin majalisa a shekara ta 2006 ya sauƙaƙa wa deukis samun 'yan ƙasa ga' ya'yansu idan za su iya tabbatar da cewa mahaifin Nepalese ne, zuriyar matrilineal ta kasance ba a san ta ba.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A al'ada, ana miƙa 'yan mata deuki zuwa temples a lokacin da suke da shekaru biyar ko shida - yayin da suke "tsarkake" - a matsayin bayi masu tsarki na haikalin ko masu rawa na haikashi. Sun yi ayyuka daban-daban ga haikalin da aka miƙa su har sai sun kai lokacin balaga, a wannan lokacin ana sa ran su samar da ayyukan jima'i ga firistoci maza da masu bautar.
Matsayin deukis a cikin al'umma ya taɓa bambanta da gaskiyar da ake yi a yanzu. A cikin rubutunta, Robynne A. Locke ta bayyana matsayin tsohuwar deukis:
1.In the past, teenage girls dedicated to temples occupied a high status in society. Elaborate public ceremonies and feasting occurred to legitimize their dedication to the temple and marriage to God, and their role as a caretaker of the temple was valued and respected. For their service, women were granted a parcel of temple property and accumulated wealth through donations to God.[3]
Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, duk da haka, kulawar haikalin ya fadi kuma wannan sigar tsarin ta ɓace. Kodayake deukis har yanzu suna samun girmamawa ga matsayinsu mai tsarki, ba a bayyana shi da yawa ta hanyar kuɗi. A yau, firist yana fyade deukis akai-akai nan da nan bayan keɓewa- har yanzu lokacin da suke tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai. Iyayensu da sauran tsarin tallafi sun watsar da su, waɗannan 'yan mata sun girma da kansu ba tare da ilimi ko ƙwarewar da aka koya ba. A cikin ilimin kwanan nan, wasu marubuta sun tabbatar da cewa matsalar fataucin jima'i a Nepal tana da tushe a cikin al'adu kamar deuki, wanda ya haifar da misali na mata ana kallon su kamar abubuwa da alamomi fiye da mutane. Sauran suna da'awar cewa kasancewar deuki a cikin al'ummomi kawai yana barin al'ummarsu da ke da niyyar karɓar irin waɗannan ayyukan.
Deuki a yau
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gwamnatin Nepalese ta soke aikin deuki a hukumance. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, 'yan mata suna ci gaba da zama deukis. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Nepal na 1990 ya ɗauki aikin a matsayin fataucin mutane da cin zarafi a cikin sunan addini da al'adu, kuma an zartar da dokoki da yawa waɗanda ya kamata su rage yawan Deukis. A cewar rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, duk da haka, yawan deukis ya karu tsakanin 1992 da 2010. Ainihin adadin deukis a yau ana iya jayayya da shi, saboda ainihin kididdigar ba ta samuwa ba. Kimanin ya kasance daga kasa da 2,000 zuwa sama da 30,000, yana barin rashin tabbas mai yawa.