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Dimethyl sulfide

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Dimethyl sulfide
type of chemical entity (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na thioether (en) Fassara
Bangare na methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide (en) Fassara, thioether S-methyltransferase activity (en) Fassara, trimethylsulfonium-tetrahydrofolate N-methyltransferase activity (en) Fassara da dimethylpropiothetin dethiomethylase activity (en) Fassara
Sinadaran dabara C₂H₆S
Canonical SMILES (en) Fassara CSC
Produced by (en) Fassara phytoplankton (en) Fassara

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) ko methylthiomethane wani fili ne na organosulfur tare da tsari (CH3) 2S. Shi ne mafi sauki thioether kuma yana da halayyar wari mai banƙyama. Ruwa ne mai cin wuta wanda ke tafasa a 37 °C (99 °F) ° C (99 ° F). Yana da wani bangare na wari da aka samar daga dafa wasu kayan lambu (musamman masara, kabewa, da beetroot) da Abincin teku. Har ila yau, alama ce ta gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samar da malt da yin giya. Samfurin lalacewa ne na dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), kuma ana samar da shi ta hanyar metabolism na kwayar cuta na methanethiol. 

Abubuwan da suka faru da kuma samarwa

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DMS ta samo asali ne daga DMSP, babban nau'in metabolite a wasu Algae na ruwa.[1] DMS shine mafi yawan mahaɗin sulfur da aka fitar a cikin yanayi.[2] Ana fitar da shi a kan Tekuna ta hanyar phytoplankton. Hakanan ana samar da DMS ta hanyar halitta ta hanyar canjin kwayar cuta na sharar dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) wanda aka zubar da shi a cikin magudanar ruwa, inda zai iya haifar da matsalolin wari na muhalli.[3]

DMS yana da oxidized a cikin yanayi ruwa zuwa mahadi daban-daban masu dauke da sulfur, kamar su sulfur dioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone, methanesulfonic acid da sulfuric acid.[4] Daga cikin wadannan mahadi, sulfuric acid yana da damar ƙirƙirar sabbin aerosols waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin ƙwayoyin girgije. Yawancin lokaci yana haifar da samar da barbashi na sulfate a cikin troposphere. Ta hanyar wannan hulɗa tare da samar da girgije, samar da DMS na sararin samaniya a kan tekuna na iya samun babban tasiri a kan yanayin duniya.[5][6] Tunanin CLAW ya nuna cewa ta wannan hanyar DMS na iya taka rawa a cikin homeostasis na duniya.[7]

Marine phytoplankton kuma yana samar da dimethyl sulfide, [8] kuma DMS kuma ana samar da shi ta hanyar rarraba kwayar cuta na DMSP.[9] Masana ilimin halittu W. D. Hamilton da Tim Lenton sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan na iya zama halayyar daidaitawa, kamar yadda algae na iya amfani da girgije don warwatse kansu a duniya.[10] An bayyana DMS a matsayin "ƙanshin teku", kodayake zai zama mafi daidaito a ce DMS wani bangare ne na ƙanshin teku, wasu sunadarai ne na DMS, kamar oxides, kuma duk da haka wasu sun kasance algal pheromones kamar Dictyopterenes. [11][12]

Dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, da dimethyl trisulfide an samo su ne daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin tsire-tsire masu jan hankali da aka sani da arum mai mutuwa (Helicodiceros muscivorus). Wadannan mahadi sune abubuwan da ke cikin ƙanshi kamar nama mai ruɓewa, wanda ke jan hankalin masu shuka iri-iri da ke cin nama, kamar nau'ikan kwari da yawa.[13]

Ilimin jiki na dimethyl sulfide

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Dimethyl sulfide yawanci yana nan a ƙananan matakan a cikin mutane masu lafiya, wato ƙasa da 7 nM a cikin jini, ƙasa da 3 nM a ciki da 0.13 zuwa 0.65 nM a kan numfashi.[14][15]   

A cikin haɗari mai haɗari, wannan an san shi da dimethylsulfidemia . Wannan yanayin yana da alaƙa da halitosis da aka ɗauke da jini da dimethylsulfiduria . [16] [17][18]

Binciken taurari

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An gano Dimethyl sulfide a cikin comets, wanda ke nuna cewa akwai tushen da ba su da rai.[19] Har ila yau, an haɗa shi ta hanyar abiotic a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.[20] Ga comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Hukumar Kula da Sararin samaniya ta Turai ta samo samfurin girgije na ƙura da iskar gas daga comet. [19] [21] Dimethyl sulfide kuma an yi shi ta hanyar abiotic a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da yanayin prebiotic.[22] Wadannan binciken da aka samo asali sun saba wa shawarar cewa dimethyl sulfide alama ce ta rayuwa a wasu taurari.[23][20][24][25]

James Webb Space Telescope mai yiwuwa ya gano shaidar DMS a cikin yanayi na duniyar K2-18b.[26][27][28]

Samar da masana'antu

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A cikin masana'antu ana samar da dimethyl sulfide ta hanyar magance hydrogen sulfide tare da karin methanol a kan wani Aluminium oxide catalyst:

Rashin ƙanshi

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Dimethyl sulfide yana da ƙanshin da aka saba bayyana a matsayin kabewa. Ya zama abin ƙyama sosai har ma da ƙananan ƙididdiga. Wasu rahotanni sun yi iƙirarin cewa DMS yana da ƙarancin ƙanshi wanda ya bambanta daga 0.02 zuwa 0.1 ppm [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] tsakanin mutane, amma an ba da shawarar cewa ƙanshin da aka danganta da dimethyl sulfide na iya zama saboda disulfides, polysulfides da ƙazantar thiol, tunda ƙanshin dimethylsulfide ba shi da kyau bayan an wanke shi da sabon ruwa mai cike da ruwa mai suna mercuric chloride. Dimethyl sulfide kuma yana samuwa a matsayin kayan abinci don ba da dandano mai ɗanɗano; a cikin irin wannan amfani, maida hankali yana da ƙanƙanta. Beetroot, asparagus, kabewa, masara da Abincin teku suna samar da dimethyl sulfide lokacin da aka dafa su

Dimethyl sulfide kuma ana samar da shi ta hanyar microorganisms na ruwa kamar coccolithophores. Yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙanshin iska ta teku. A Zamanin Victorian, kafin a gano DMS, asalin ƙanshin 'bracing' na teku an yi kuskuren ba da izini ga ozone.

Dimethyl sulfide shine babban samfurin mai saurin canzawa daban-daban na truffles. Yana da fili da dabbobi da aka horar don gano fungus (kamar aladu da karnuka masu ganowa) ke numfashi yayin neman su.[29]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Stefels, J.; Steinke, M.; Turner, S.; Malin, S.; Belviso, A. (2007). "Environmental constraints on the production and removal of the climatically active gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) and implications for ecosystem modelling". Biogeochemistry. 83 (1–3): 245–275. Bibcode:2007Biogc..83..245S. doi:10.1007/s10533-007-9091-5.
  2. ↑ Simpson, D.; Winiwarter, W.; Börjesson, G.; Cinderby, S.; Ferreiro, A.; Guenther, A.; Hewitt, C. N.; Janson, R.; Khalil, M. A. K.; Owen, S.; Pierce, T. E.; Puxbaum, H.; Shearer, M.; Skiba, U.; Steinbrecher, R. (1999). "Inventorying emissions from nature in Europe". Journal of Geophysical Research. 104 (D7): 8113–8152. Bibcode:1999JGR...104.8113S. doi:10.1029/98JD02747. S2CID 54677953.
  3. ↑ Glindemann, D.; Novak, J.; Witherspoon, J. (2006). "Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Waste Residues and Municipal Waste Water Odor by Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS): the North-East WPCP Plant of Philadelphia". Environmental Science and Technology. 40 (1): 202–207. Bibcode:2006EnST...40..202G. doi:10.1021/es051312a. PMID 16433352.
  4. ↑ Lucas, D. D.; Prinn, R. G. (2005). "Parametric sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of dimethylsulfide oxidation in the clear-sky remote marine boundary layer" (PDF). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 5 (6): 1505–1525. Bibcode:2005ACP.....5.1505L. doi:10.5194/acp-5-1505-2005.
  5. ↑ Malin, G.; Turner, S. M.; Liss, P. S. (1992). "Sulfur: The plankton/climate connection". Journal of Phycology. 28 (5): 590–597. Bibcode:1992JPcgy..28..590M. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00590.x. S2CID 86179536.
  6. ↑ Gunson, J.R.; Spall, S.A.; Anderson, T. R.; Jones, A.; Totterdell, I.J.; Woodage, M.J. (1 April 2006). "Climate sensitivity to ocean dimethylsulphide emissions". Geophysical Research Letters. 33 (7): L07701. Bibcode:2006GeoRL..33.7701G. doi:10.1029/2005GL024982.
  7. ↑ Charlson, R. J.; Lovelock, J. E.; Andreae, M. O.; Warren, S. G. (1987). "Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate". Nature. 326 (6114): 655–661. Bibcode:1987Natur.326..655C. doi:10.1038/326655a0. S2CID 4321239.
  8. ↑ "The Climate Gas You've Never Heard Of". Oceanus Magazine.
  9. ↑ Ledyard, K. M.; Dacey, J. W. H. (1994). "Dimethylsulfide production from dimethylsulfoniopropionate by a marine bacterium". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 110: 95–103. Bibcode:1994MEPS..110...95L. doi:10.3354/meps110095.
  10. ↑ Hamilton, W.D.; Lenton, T.M. (1998). "Spora and Gaia: how microbes fly with their clouds". Ethology Ecology & Evolution. 10 (1): 1–16. Bibcode:1998EtEcE..10....1H. doi:10.1080/08927014.1998.9522867. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-23.
  11. ↑ "Cloning the smell of the seaside". University of East Anglia. 2 February 2007. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  12. ↑ Itoh, T.; Inoue, H.; Emoto, S. (2000). "Synthesis of Dictyopterene A: Optically Active Tributylstannylcyclopropane as a Chiral Synthon". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 73 (2): 409–416. doi:10.1246/bcsj.73.409. ISSN 1348-0634.
  13. ↑ Stensmyr, M. C.; Urru, I.; Collu, I.; Celander, M.; Hansson, B. S.; Angioy, A.-M. (2002). "Rotting Smell of Dead-Horse Arum Florets". Nature. 420 (6916): 625–626. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..625S. doi:10.1038/420625a. PMID 12478279. S2CID 1001475.
  14. ↑ Gahl, W. A.; Bernardini, I.; Finkelstein, J. D.; Tangerman, A.; Martin, J. J.; Blom, H. J.; Mullen, K. D.; Mudd, S. H. (February 1988). "Transsulfuration in an adult with hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 81 (2): 390–397. doi:10.1172/JCI113331. PMC 329581. PMID 3339126.
  15. ↑ Tangerman, A. (15 October 2009). "Measurement and biological significance of the volatile sulfur compounds hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide in various biological matrices". Journal of Chromatography B. 877 (28): 3366–3377. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.026. PMID 19505855.
  16. ↑ Tangerman, A.; Winkel, E. G. (September 2007). "Intra- and extra-oral halitosis: finding of a new form of extra-oral blood-borne halitosis caused by dimethyl sulphide". J. Clin. Periodontol. 34 (9): 748–755. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01116.x. PMID 17716310.
  17. ↑ Tangerman, A.; Winkel, E. G. (March 2008). "The portable gas chromatograph OralChroma: a method of choice to detect oral and extra-oral halitosis". Journal of Breath Research. 2 (1): 017010. doi:10.1088/1752-7155/2/1/017010. PMID 21386154. S2CID 572545.
  18. ↑ Tangerman, A.; Winkel, E. G. (2 March 2010). "Extra-oral halitosis: an overview". Journal of Breath Research. 4 (1): 017003. Bibcode:2010JBR.....4a7003T. doi:10.1088/1752-7155/4/1/017003. PMID 21386205. S2CID 5342660.
  19. 1 2 Cutts, Elise (April 26, 2024). "What is a presumed sign of life doing on a dead comet?". Science (in Turanci).
  20. 1 2 Clery, Daniel (April 17, 2025). "Alien planet's atmosphere bears chemical hints of life, astronomers claim". www.science.org (in Turanci). Science.
  21. ↑ Hänni, Nora; Altwegg, Kathrin; Combi, Michael; Fuselier, Stephen A.; De Keyser, Johan; Ligterink, Niels F. W.; Rubin, Martin; Wampfler, Susanne F. (1 November 2024). "Evidence for Abiotic Dimethyl Sulfide in Cometary Matter". The Astrophysical Journal. 976 (1): 74. arXiv:2410.08724. Bibcode:2024ApJ...976...74H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8565.
  22. ↑ Reed, Nathan W.; Shearer, Randall L.; McGlynn, Shawn Erin; Wing, Boswell A.; Tolbert, Margaret A.; Browne, Eleanor C. (23 September 2024). "Abiotic Production of Dimethyl Sulfide, Carbonyl Sulfide, and Other Organosulfur Gases via Photochemistry: Implications for Biosignatures and Metabolic Potential". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 973 (2): L38. Bibcode:2024ApJ...973L..38R. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad74da.
  23. ↑ Bartels, Meghan (April 17, 2025). "Is Dimethyl Sulfide Really a Sign of Alien Life?". Scientific American (in Turanci).
  24. ↑ Collins, Sarah (2023-09-11). "Methane and carbon dioxide found in atmosphere of habitable-zone exoplanet". www.cam.ac.uk (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-12-31.
  25. ↑ Baker, Harry (2023-09-14). "James Webb telescope sees potential signs of alien life in the atmosphere of a distant 'Goldilocks' water world". Livescience (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-12-31.
  26. ↑ Madhusudhan, Nikku; Constantinou, Savvas; Holmberg, Måns; Sarkar, Subhajit; Piette, Anjali A. A.; Moses, Julianne I. (2025). "New Constraints on DMS and DMDS in the Atmosphere of K2-18 b from JWST MIRI". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 983 (2): L40. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adc1c8.
  27. ↑ Plait, Phil. "No, astronomers almost certainly didn't find biosignatures of life on another planet". Bad Astronomy Newsletter (in Turanci). Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  28. ↑ "Webb Discovers Methane, Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere of K2-18 b". 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  29. ↑ Talou, T.; G aset, A.; Delmas, M.; Kulifaj, M.; Montant, C. (1990). "Dimethyl sulphide: the secret for black truffle hunting by animals?". Mycological Research. 94 (2): 277–278. doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80630-8. ISSN 0953-7562.
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