Diminin karnuka
| Diminin karnuka | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri | Morbillivirus infectious disease (en) dog disease (en) |
| Field of study (en) | Cututtukan cututtuka (ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya) |
| Sanadi | Canine distemper virus (mul) |
| Symptoms and signs (en) | hyperthermia (en) , nasal discharge (en) , tari, Rashin karfi, anorexia (en) , amai, diarrhea Rashin Ruwa a Jiki |
| Effect (en) | Mutuwa |
| Disease transmission process (en) | droplet infection (en) Q137859239 |
| Physical examination (en) | polymerase chain reaction (en) , serology (en) complete blood count (en) |
| Suna saboda | Henri Carré (mul) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| MeSH | D004216 |
Canine distemper (CDV) (wani lokacin ana kiransa "Cutar ƙafa") cuta ce ta kwayar cuta wacce ke shafar iyalai masu shayarwa iri-iri, [1] gami da nau'ikan karnuka na gida da na daji, coyotes, foxes, pandas, wolves, ferrets, skunks, raccoons, da felines, da kuma pinnipeds, wasu primates, da sauran nau'ikan. CDV ba ya shafar mutane.
A cikin canines, CDV yana shafar tsarin jiki da yawa, gami da gastrointestinal da numfashi, kashin baya, da kwakwalwa. Alamomin da aka saba da su sun haɗa da zazzabi mai tsanani, kumburi na ido da fitar da hanci, numfashi mai wahala da tari, amai da zawo, asarar abinci da rashin jin daɗi, da kuma karfafa hanci da ƙafafun ƙafa. Cutar kwayar cuta na iya kasancewa tare da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na biyu kuma a ƙarshe zai iya gabatar da alamun cututtukani masu tsanani.
Canine distemper ya samo asali ne daga Kwayar cutar RNA guda ɗaya na dangin Paramyxoviridae (dangi ɗaya na ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da kyanda da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin mutane). Cutar tana yaduwa sosai ta hanyar numfashi.[1] Cututtuka da mutuwa na iya bambanta sosai tsakanin nau'ikan dabbobi, tare da har zuwa 100% mutuwa a cikin yawan mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba. A cikin karnuka na gida, yayin da nau'in cututtukan cututtukani yana da yawan mace-mace, tsawon lokacin cuta da tsananin ya dogara da shekarun dabba, matsayin rigakafi, da ƙarancin kwayar cutar.[1][2] Duk da rigakafin rigakafi a yankuna da yawa, ya kasance babbar cuta a cikin karnuka kuma shine babban dalilin mutuwar cututtukan cututtuka a cikin karnukan kafin allurar rigakafi ta zama samuwa.[3]
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Asalin kalmar distemper ya fito ne daga Middle English distemperen, 'don tayar da ma'auni na ba'a', wanda ya fito ne da Tsohon Faransanci destemprer, 'don damuwa', wanda ya kasance daga Vulgar Latin distemperare, 'don kada a haɗa shi yadda ya kamata'.[4][5]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Magungunan rigakafi na farko na canine distemper an kirkireshi ne daga Italiyanci Vittorio Puntoni . [6] A cikin 1923 da 1924, Puntoni ya buga labarai biyu inda ya kara formalin zuwa kwayar kwakwalwa daga karnuka masu kamuwa da cuta don ƙirƙirar allurar rigakafin da ta samu nasarar hana cutar a cikin karnuka masu lafiya.[6] An kirkiro allurar rigakafin kasuwanci a cikin 1950, duk da haka saboda iyakantaccen amfani, kwayar cutar ta kasance mai yawa a cikin jama'a da yawa.[7]
Karnukan cikin gida sun fi alhakin gabatar da canine distemper ga dabbobin daji da ba a nuna su ba a baya kuma yanzu suna haifar da mummunar barazanar kiyayewa ga nau'ikan Masu cin nama da wasu nau'ikan marsupials. Kwayar cutar ta ba da gudummawa ga kusan halakawar furet mai baƙar fata. Hakanan yana iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawar da Thylacine (Tasmanian tiger) kuma yana haifar da mutuwa a tsakanin Karnukan daji na Afirka.[8] A cikin 1993-1994, yawan zaki a cikin Serengeti, Tanzania, sun sami raguwar 20% sakamakon cutar.[9][10] A cikin 2026, 72 da aka kama da tigers sun mutu daga canine distemper a wuraren shakatawa biyu a Lardin Chiang Mai, Thailand . Cutar ta kuma canza zuwa kwayar cutar phocine distemper, wanda ke shafar hatimi.
Alamun asibiti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin karnuka, alamun CDV sun bambanta sosai, daga babu alamomi zuwa alamun numfashi masu sauƙi waɗanda ba za a iya rarrabe su ba daga tari na kennel zuwa ciwon huhu mai tsanani tare da amai, zubar da jini, da mutuwa.
Alamun da aka fi lura da su sune hanci mai laushi, amai da zawo, rashin ruwa, fitar da ruwa mai yawa, tari da / ko numfashi mai wahala, asarar abinci, da asarar nauyi. Idan alamun jijiyoyin jiki sun taso, rashin ƙarfi na iya biyo baya. Alamun tsarin juyayi na tsakiya sun haɗa da girgizar tsokoki ko ƙungiyoyin tsokoki, fashewa tare da fitarwa, da motsi na jaw da aka saba bayyana a matsayin "suna gogewa," ko kuma mafi dacewa a matsayin "distemper myoclonus. " Yayin da yanayin ke ci gaba, fashewar ta kara muni kuma ta ci gaba zuwa babban mal, sannan mutuwar dabba. Dabbar na iya nuna alamun ƙwarewa ga haske, rashin daidaituwa, kewayawa, ƙaruwa da ƙwarewa game da motsa jiki kamar ciwo ko taɓawa, da lalacewar ikon motsi. Ba a saba gani ba, suna iya haifar da makanta da shanyayye. Tsawon cutar na tsarin zai iya zama ɗan gajeren kwanaki 10, ko kuma farkon alamun jijiyoyin jiki bazai faru ba har sai makonni ko watanni da yawa bayan haka. Wadanda suka tsira yawanci suna da karamin tic ko twitch na matakai daban-daban na tsanani. Tare da lokaci, wannan tic yawanci yana raguwa a cikin tsananin sa. [11][12]
Alamomi masu dorewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Karnuka da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na iya samun matsaloli daga baya. Mafi yawan rikitarwa shine cututtukan hard pad, wanda fata a kan ƙafafun kafa da fata a ƙarshen hanci ya yi kauri. Wani alama mai dorewa wanda ya zama ruwan dare shine enamel hypoplasia. Kayan karewa na iya samun lalacewa ga enamel na hakora waɗanda ba a kafa su gaba ɗaya ba ko kuma ba su riga sun girma ta hanyar gums ba. Wannan ya haifar da kwayar cutar ta kashe sel da ke da alhakin kera enamel na hakora. Wadannan hakora da abin ya shafa suna lalacewa da sauri.[13]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Deem, Sharon L.; Spelman, Lucy H.; Yates, Rebecca A.; Montali, Richard J. (December 2000). "Canine Distemper in Terrestrial Carnivores: A Review" (PDF). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 31 (4): 441–451. doi:10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0441:CDITCA]2.0.CO;2. PMID 11428391. S2CID 12596794. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
- ↑ Andreas, Beineke; Baumgärtner, Wolfgang; Wohlsein, Peter (13 September 2015). "Cross-species transmission of canine distemper virus – an update". One Health. 1: 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2015.09.002. PMC 5462633. PMID 28616465.
- ↑ "Animal Health" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-10-30.
- ↑ "distemper (definition)". Oxford Living Dictionaries – English. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2017-12-06. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
- ↑ "distemper (definition)". American Heritage Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
- 1 2 Tizard, I (1999). "Grease, anthraxgate, and kennel cough: a revisionist history of early veterinary vaccines". Advances in Veterinary Medicine. 41: 7–24. doi:10.1016/S0065-3519(99)80005-6. ISBN 9780120392421. PMID 9890006.
- ↑ Pomeroy, Laura W.; Bjørnstad, Ottar N; Holmes, Edward C. (2008). "The Evolutionary and Epidemiological Dynamics of the Paramyxoviridae". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 66 (2): 98–106. Bibcode:2008JMolE..66...98P. doi:10.1007/s00239-007-9040-x. PMC 3334863. PMID 18217182.
- ↑ McCarthy AJ, Shaw MA, Goodman SJ (December 2007). "Pathogen evolution and disease emergence in carnivores". Proc. Biol. Sci. 274 (1629): 3165–3174. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0884. PMC 2293938. PMID 17956850.
- ↑ Weckworth, Julie K.; Davis, Brian W.; Dubovi, Edward; Fountain-Jones, Nicholas; Packer, Craig; Cleaveland, Sarah; Craft, Meggan E.; Eblate, Ernest; Schwartz, Michael; Mills, L. Scott; Roelke-Parker, Melody (November 2020). "Cross-species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in African lions of Serengeti National Park". Molecular Ecology (in Turanci). 29 (22): 4308–4321. Bibcode:2020MolEc..29.4308W. doi:10.1111/mec.15449. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 32306443.
- ↑ Roelke-Parker, Melody E.; Munson, Linda; Packer, Craig; Kock, Richard; Cleaveland, Sarah; Carpenter, Margaret; O'Brien, Stephen J.; Pospischil, Andreas; Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina; Lutz, Hans; Mwamengele, George L. M.; Mgasa, M. N.; Machange, G. A.; Summers, Brian A.; Appel, Max J. G. (February 1996). "A canine distemper virus epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo)". Nature (in Turanci). 379 (6564): 441–445. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..441R. doi:10.1038/379441a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 7095363. PMID 8559247.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Jones1997". - ↑ Kate E. Creevy, 2013, Overview of Canine Distemper, in The Merck Veterinary Manual (online): "Veterinary Professionals: Generalized Conditions: Canine Distemper", see "Canine Distemper Overview – Generalized Conditions". Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-15.
- ↑ "Canine Distemper: What You Need To Know". Veterinary Insider. 2010-12-06. Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. Retrieved 2012-04-09.