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Dokar Bautar Zamani ta 2015

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Dokar Bautar Zamani ta 2015
Public General Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Sunan hukuma An Act to make provision about slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour and about human trafficking, including provision for the protection of victims; to make provision for an Independent Anti-slavery Commissioner; and for connected purposes.
Gajeren suna Modern Slavery Act 2015
Ƙasa Birtaniya
Applies to jurisdiction (en) Fassara Birtaniya
Muhimmin darasi Bautar bayi a cikin ƙarni na 21
Ranar wallafa 2015
Harshen aiki ko suna Turanci
Work available at URL (en) Fassara legislation.gov.uk…
Legislated by (en) Fassara Parliament of the United Kingdom (en) Fassara
Date of promulgation (en) Fassara 26 ga Maris, 2015
Legal citation of this text (en) Fassara 2015 c. 30

Dokar Bautar Zamani ta 2015 (c. 30) doka ce ta Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya. An tsara shi don yaƙar bautar zamani a Burtaniya kuma yana ƙarfafa laifukan da suka gabata da suka shafi fataucin bayin da bauta. Dokar ta ƙara da gaske zuwa Ingila da Wales, amma wasu tanade-tanade (misali, da suka shafi maganganun bautar zamani da bin kan iyaka) sun shafi Scotland da Arewacin Ireland.[1]

James Brokenshire, Mataimakin Sakatare na Laifuka da Tsaro ne ya gabatar da kudirin ga Majalisar a cikin daftarin tsarin a cikin watan Oktoba 2013. Waɗanda suka ɗauki nauyin kudirin a Ofishin Cikin Gida sune Theresa May da Lord Bates. Ya karɓi izinin sarauta kuma ya zama doka a ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2015. [2]

An ambato James Brokenshire yana cewa matakin zai aike da sako mai karfi ga masu aikata laifuka cewa idan kuna da hannu a cikin wannan mummunar fataucin bil adama, za a kama ku, za a gurfanar da ku a gaban kuliya kuma za a kulle ku.[3]

Tanade-tanade

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Dokar ta ƙunshi tanade-tanade da yawa: [4] [5]

  • Ƙaddamar da ayyukan bautar da ake da su da kuma laifukan fatauci
  • Ƙaddamar da wasu sabbin umarni na farar hula guda biyu don baiwa kotuna damar sanya takunkumi ga waɗanda aka samu da laifin bautar zamani, ko waɗanda ke da hannu a irin waɗannan laifuka amma har yanzu ba a yanke musu hukunci ba.
  • Ƙaddamar da Kwamishinan Yaƙi da Bauta mai zaman kansa don ƙarfafa kyakkyawan aiki kan rigakafin laifuffukan bautar na zamani da kuma gano waɗanda abin ya shafa. (Sashe na IV na Dokar.) Kwamishina na farko shine Kevin Hyland.
  • Samar da hanyoyin kwace kadarorin masu fataucin da kuma karkatar da wasu kuɗaɗen zuwa ga waɗanda abin ya shafa domin biyan diyya
  • Ƙirƙirar wani sabon kariyar doka ga waɗanda aka yi wa bauta ko fataucin da aka tilasta musu aikata laifuka (sashe na 45) da kuma tsawaita matakai na musamman ga shaidun da ke ba da shaida a cikin shari'ar laifuka ga waɗanda aka yi wa bautar zamani (sashe na 46).
  • Samar da masu kare fataucin yara (sashe na 48)

Tsarin da ke cikin sashe na 45 wanda ke ba da kariya ta doka ga masu aikata laifuka kan bauta ko fataucin wanda aka azabtar ba a samuwa a cikin wasu manyan laifuka da aka bayyana a cikin Jadawalin 4.[6][7][8] Idan har ya fito fili bayan an yanke masa hukunci, mai yiyuwa ne Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta soke hukuncin da aka yanke wa wanda ake tuhuma da aka yi wa fataucin.[9][10][11]

Gyare-gyare ga Dokar

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Silsilar kayayyaki

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Daftarin kudirin bai haɗa da matakan hana amfani da aikin bayi a ƙasashen waje ba, domin Ma’aikatar Cikin Gida ta ce buƙatar kamfanoni su bincika da kuma bayar da rahoto kan bauta ta zamani a cikin silsilar kayayyakin su zai kasance “nauyi na ƙari”. Sai dai fafutuka ya sa aka ƙara wani sashe kan silsilar kayayyaki don haka “manyan kamfanoni za su tilasta bayyana kokarin su na dakatar da amfani da aikin bayi daga masu ba su kaya.”[12] Tattaunawa game da buƙatun bayar da rahoto ta gudana a watan Fabrairu da Maris 2015.[13]

Daga 29 ga Oktoba 2015, tanadin *Bayyananniyar Silsilar Kayayyaki* ya buƙaci kamfanoni su wallafa bayanin shekara-shekara idan sun fi adadin kuɗin shiga (£36 miliyan).[14] Bayanai ya kamata su nuna matakan da aka ɗauka don tabbatar da cewa bauta da fataucin mutane ba sa gudana cikin harkokin su (ko a cikin silsilar kaya), ko kuma a bayyana cewa ba a ɗauki wani mataki ba. Ana sa ran 'yan kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin kamfanoni za su zaɓi na biyu, saboda hakan zai iya jawo tambaya a kan matsayin ɗabi’a da suna. Duk da haka, ba a kafa tilas a doka don gudanar da bincike kan silsilar kaya ba, kuma babu hukuncin kudi ko laifi da aka ɗora wa wadanda suka ki bin doka.[15]

A ranar 21 ga Maris 2016 Ma’aikatar Cikin Gida ta shirya taron *Bayyananniyar Silsilar Kayayyaki* (TISC), inda aka ƙaddamar da rajistar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke yaƙi da bauta don samar da dandalin da kamfanoni za su iya wallafa bayanan su. Lokacin ƙaddamarwa, ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2016, ƙungiyar da aka kafa ta hanyar Jaya Chakrabarti, ta haɗu da gwamnatin Wales, Cibiyar Kwararrun Saye da Kayayyaki, Hukumar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (ICC), da Business West. A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2017 tana da kamfanoni 10,153 da suka bayar da bayanan su, wanda ya zama rajista mafi girma a duniya kan bauta ta zamani.[16] Samfuri:Asof rahoton ya ce ya ƙunshi fiye da bayanai 60,000 kan bauta ta zamani.[17]

A 2019, Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta amince da wallafa bayaninta kan Bauta Ta Zamani da gangan, yana bin irin buƙatun da ake ɗora wa manyan kamfanoni ƙarƙashin sashe na 54. An wallafa bayanin a ranar 26 Maris 2020,[18] sannan aka sabunta shi a watan Satumba 2023.[19] Gwamnatin Wales ta wallafa nata bayanin a ranar 10 ga Agusta 2023.[20] A Scotland kuwa, an wallafa *Tsarin Fataucin da Cin Zarafi* na farko a 2017, kuma gwamnatin Scotland ta fitar da bayanin “bauta da fataucin mutane” a ranar 12 ga Disamba 2023.[21]

Karuwanci

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A watan Nuwamba 2014, Fiona Mactaggart MP ta gabatar da gyara a cikin kudirin da ya shafi *karuwanci*, wanda ke da nufin haramta siyan jima’i.[22][23] A lokacin muhawara a Majalisar Wakilai, John McDonnell MP ya yi adawa da wannan gyara, yana cewa babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa haramcin siyan jima’i a Sweden ya rage yawan *masu karuwanci* ko abokan cinikin su, kuma ya nuna cewa irin waɗannan matakai sukan haifar da illa. Ya ambaci Fasto Andrew Dotchin na *Safety First Coalition*: “Ina adawa da sassan da ke da nasaba da karuwanci a cikin Dokar Bauta Ta Zamani, wanda zai sa siyan jima’i ya zama laifi. Haramta abokan ciniki ba zai kawo ƙarshen karuwanci ba, kuma ba zai daina kama mata ba. Sai dai yana ƙara ɗora su cikin haɗari kuma yana nuna musu shishigi.”[24] Wannan gyara daga bisani aka janye shi.[25]

Biza mai ɗaurewa

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A watan Maris 2015 an kawo wani gyara a Majalisar Dattawa kan *ma’aikatan ƙetare* da ke zuwa Burtaniya tare da masu daukar su ta hanyar amfani da “biza mai ɗaurewa”. Wannan tsarin da aka gabatar a 2012 yana kama da tsarin *kafala* da ake amfani da shi

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Modern Slavery Act 2015". UK Parliament. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  2. ↑ "Modern Slavery Act 2015". UK Parliament. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  3. ↑ Wood, Helois (18 October 2013). "Old Bexley and Sidcup MP James Brokenshire announces plans to help end human trafficking". Newshopper.
  4. ↑ "Modern Slavery Bill 2014-15". UK Parliament. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  5. ↑ "Modern Slavery Bill 2014-15 - Commons Library Research Paper". UK Parliament. 7 July 2014.
  6. ↑ "Rooney gang slavery victim has theft conviction quashed". BBC News (in Turanci). 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  7. ↑ R v O & Another [2011] EWCA Crim 2226
  8. ↑ Samfuri:Cite BAILII
  9. ↑ "Rooney gang slavery victim has theft conviction quashed". BBC News (in Turanci). 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  10. ↑ R v O & Another [2011] EWCA Crim 2226
  11. ↑ Samfuri:Cite BAILII
  12. ↑ Michael Pollitt (16 October 2014). "Unfinished abolitionists: Britain returns to the frontline of the war on slavery". New Statesman.
  13. ↑ Jehan-Philippe Wood; Hari Jon (27 February 2015). "Update on the Modern Slavery Bill - consultation on the transparency in supply chains clause". www.lexology.com. Globe Business Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  14. ↑ The Modern Slavery Act 2015 (Transparency in Supply Chain) Regulations 2015, regulation 2
  15. ↑ Sharon Benning-Prince (31 July 2015). "A Guide to the Modern Slavery Act for Your Business". ContractStore Legal Business Blog. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  16. ↑ "World's largest anti-slavery register reaches 10k milestone, boosting the fight against exploitation" (Press release). TISC Report. 30 January 2017.
  17. ↑ TISC Report, Modern Slavery Act Section 54 - Latest statement, accessed on 19 June 2025
  18. ↑ UK Government, UK Government Modern Slavery Statement, published 26 March 2020, accessed 1 January 2021
  19. ↑ HM Government, UK Government modern slavery statement summary (2022), published on 22 September 2023, accessed on 1 June 2025
  20. ↑ Welsh Government, Welsh Government Modern Slavery Statement published on 10 August 2023, accessed on 1 June 2025
  21. ↑ Scottish Government, Slavery and human trafficking statement, published on 12 December 2023, accessed on 1 June 2025
  22. ↑ Julia O'Connell Davidson (4 November 2014). "Convenient conflations: modern slavery, trafficking, and prostitution". Open Democracy.
  23. ↑ Katie Nguyen (3 Nov 2014). "British parliament to debate whether paying for sex should be illegal". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  24. ↑ "House of Commons". UK Parliament. 4 November 2014.
  25. ↑ Niki Adams (6 November 2014). "Listen to sex workers – we can explain what decriminalisation would mean". The Guardian.
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