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Dokar Daidaitawa (Amurka)

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Dokar Daidaitawa (Amurka)
Asali
Characteristics

Dokar daidaitawa doka ce a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, cewa, idan an zartar, za ta gyara Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964 (ciki har da lakabi II, III, IV, VI, VII, da IX ) don hana nuna bambanci dangane da jima'i, yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi a cikin aikin yi, gidaje, masaukin jama'a, shirye-shiryen bayar da tallafi na tarayya, shirye-shiryen bayar da kuɗi, da tallafin kudi, da tallafin karatu, da tallafin kudi . [1] [2] Hukuncin Kotun Koli na Yuni 2020 a Bostock v. Clayton County yana ba da kariya ga masu luwadi da masu canza jinsi a cikin al'amuran aiki, amma ba ta wasu fannoni ba. Hukuncin Bostock ya kuma shafi shari'o'in Altitude Express da Harris Funeral Homes .

Har ila yau, kudirin zai fadada kariyar hakkin jama'a da ake da ita ga mutane masu launin fata ta hanyar hana nuna bambanci a karin wuraren kwana na jama'a, kamar nune-nunen, kayayyaki da ayyuka, da sufuri .

Yawai kamar shawarar Bostock v. Clayton County, Dokar Daidaitawa ta bayyana wariya ga jima'i don haɗawa da yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi, ƙara " ciki, haihuwa, ko yanayin likita mai dangantaka da mutum, da kuma saboda jima'i na tushen stereotypes ". Manufar wannan doka ita ce a kare daidaikun mutane daga wariya bisa irin wannan. [3]

Yayin da aka ba da shawarwari iri-iri iri-iri iri-iri tun daga shekarun 1970s, an fara gabatar da sigar zamani ta Dokar Daidaitawa a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta 114 . A lokacin Majalissar ta 116th, ta zartar da Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 2019, a cikin kuri'u 236-173. [4] Duk da haka, Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ba ta yi aiki da lissafin ba bayan karbar shi; ko da sun samu, shugaban kasar na lokacin Donald Trump ya nuna cewa da ya yi watsi da hakan. [5] A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2021, an sake gabatar da dokar a Majalisa ta 117 . Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da kuri'u 224 zuwa 206 a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2021, tare da goyon bayan 'yan Republican uku. Kudirin ya koma Majalisar Dattawa don tantancewa, amma bai ci nasara ba, kuma bai ci gaba ba. [6]

Manufar da abun ciki

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Dokar Daidaito za ta yi amfani da dokar nuna wariya ta LGBT iri ɗaya a cikin Amurka. Dokokin yaki da nuna wariya na jihohi tun daga watan Mayun 2019:

Ya zuwa 2020, jihohi 29 ba su haramta wariyar LGBT ba, tare da ba wa membobin al'ummar LGBT ƙarancin kariya a matakin ƙasa kuma kashi biyu bisa uku na LGBT Amurkawa a Amurka sun ba da rahoton fuskantar ko sun fuskanci wariya a rayuwarsu. [7] Dokar daidaitawa tana neman kare daidaikun mutane daga irin wannan wariyar, ta amfani da dokokin nuna wariya na LGBT na jihohi a duk faɗin ƙasar. [8]

Dokar daidaitawa tana neman haɗa kariya daga wariyar LGBT a cikin Dokar Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta tarayya ta 1964 . Musamman, ta haramta wariya dangane da jima'i, yanayin jima'i, asalin jinsi, da matsayin jima'i a fannoni daban-daban ciki har da wuraren kwana da wuraren jama'a, ilimi, shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ke ba da tallafi, aikin yi, gidaje, bashi, da sabis na juri. [9] [10]

Har ila yau, yana neman fadada kariyar haƙƙin ɗan adam ga mutane masu launi, [11] mata, [12] da sauran ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar sabunta ma'anar masaukin jama'a don haɗawa da wurare ko wuraren da ke ba da: [13] [14]

Tarihi

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Tarihin Farko (1970-1990s)

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Ainihin Dokar Daidaitawa da Wakilan Amurka Bella Abzug (D-NY) da Ed Koch (D-NY) suka ɓullo da a 1974. The Equality Act of 1974 (HR 14752 na 93rd Congress) ya nemi gyara da Civil Rights Act na 1964 don hada da haramcin nuna bambanci a kan tushen da jima'i, tallace-tallace shirye -shirye a cikin jima'i, tallace-tallace da kuma jima'i fuskantarwa. kudade, da sabis na dillalai. Kudirin ya ba da izini ga ayyukan farar hula daga Babban Mai Shari'a na Amurka a lokuta na wariya saboda jima'i, yanayin jima'i, ko matsayin aure a wuraren jama'a da ilimin jama'a. A ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1974, an mika HR 14752 ga kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin shari'a, amma bai ci gaba da jefa kuri'a a cikin cikakkiyar majalisar wakilai ta Amurka ba. [15]

Majalisa ta 119

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A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2025, Sanata Jeff Merkley ya sake gabatar da Dokar Daidaito a Majalisar Dattawa. A wannan rana ne, shugaban kwamitin daidaita daidaiton majalisar wakilai Mark Takano ya sake gabatar da wannan doka a majalisar wakilai. Merkley da Takano sun gudanar da taron manema labarai a wajen Capitol a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2025 don bayar da shawarwari ga kudurin dokar tare da Shugaban marasa rinjaye na Majalisar Dattawa Chuck Schumer, Sanatoci Cory Booker da Tammy Baldwin da Wakili Nancy Pelosi . [16] [17] [18]

Tarihin majalisa

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Majalisa Gajeren take Lambar lissafin (s) Kwanan wata da aka gabatar Masu tallafawa # na masu tallafawa Sabon hali
Majalisa ta 114 Dokar daidaito ta 2015 H.R. 3185 Yuli 23, 2015 David Cicillin



(D-RI)		 178 Ya mutu a kwamitin
S. 1858 Yuli 23, 2015 Jeff Merkley



(D-OR)		 42 Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 115 Dokar Daidaito ta 2017 H.R. 2282 Mayu 2, 2017 David Cicillin



(D-RI)		 201 Ya mutu a kwamitin
S. 1006 Mayu 2, 2017 Jeff Merkley



(D-OR)		 47 Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 116 Dokar Daidaito ta 2019 H.R. 5 Maris 13, 2019 David Cicillin



(D-RI)		 240 Ya wuce gida (236-173)
S. 788 Maris 13, 2019 Jeff Merkley



(D-OR)		 46 Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 117 Dokar Daidaito ta 2021 H.R. 5 Fabrairu 18, 2021 David Cicillin



(D-RI)		 224 Ya wuce gida (224-206) [19]
S. 393 Fabrairu 23, 2021 Jeff Merkley



(D-OR)		 48 Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 118 Dokar Daidaito ta 2023 H.R. 15 Yuni 21, 2023 Mark Takano

(D-CA)

 219 Ya mutu a kwamitin
S. 5 Yuni 21, 2023 Jeff Merkley



(D-OR)		 50 Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 119 Dokar Daidaito ta 2025 H.R. 15 Afrilu 29, 2025 Mark Takano



(D-CA)		 213 Gabatarwa [16]
S. 1503 Afrilu 29, 2025 Jeff Merkley



(D-OR)		 46 Gabatarwa [16]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Cicilline, David N. (2021-03-02). "H.R.5 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Equality Act". Congress. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  2. ↑ "The Equality Act". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  3. ↑ Cicilline, David N. (2021-03-02). "H.R.5 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Equality Act". Congress. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  4. ↑ "Equality Act, H.R. 5, 116th Congress (2019)". Congress. 20 May 2019. Archived from the original on July 30, 2019. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  5. ↑ "Equality Act, H.R. 5, 116th Congress (2019), as received by the U.S. Senate on May 20, 2019, read twice, and referred to the S. Comm. on the Judiciary" (PDF). Congress. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  6. ↑ Sherman, Amy (December 12, 2022). "Biden's promise to enact the Equality Act stalls". The Poynter Institute. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  7. ↑ Johnson, Chris (March 13, 2019). "Equality Act returns — with House Democrats in majority". Washington Blade. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  8. ↑ "The Equality Act". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  9. ↑ Cicilline, David N. (2021-03-02). "H.R.5 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Equality Act". Congress. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  10. ↑ "The Equality Act". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  11. ↑ "What Does The Equality Act Mean for People of Color?" (PDF). assets2.hrc.org. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
  12. ↑ "What Does The Equality Act Mean for Women?" (PDF). assets2.hrc.org. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
  13. ↑ Cicilline, David N. (2021-03-02). "H.R.5 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Equality Act". Congress. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  14. ↑ "The Equality Act". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Congress – Equality Act". United States Congress. 2017.
  16. 1 2 3 Bourgeois, Michaela (April 30, 2025). "Oregon Sen. Merkley re-introduces Equality Act to ban LGBTQ+ discrimination". KOIN. Archived from the original on April 30, 2025. Retrieved May 1, 2025.
  17. ↑ Wiggins, Christopher (April 30, 2025). "Democrats reintroduce Equality Act as Trump escalates war on LGBTQ+ community". The Advocate. Retrieved May 1, 2025.
  18. ↑ "Senator Merkley News Conference on Reintroduction of Equality Act". C-SPAN. April 29, 2025. Retrieved May 1, 2025.
  19. ↑ "Equality Act: House votes to expand legal safeguards for LGBTQ people". KTLA. 2021-02-25. Archived from the original on March 26, 2022. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
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