Dokar Hana Harajin Makamashi
| Dokar Hana Harajin Makamashi | |
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| Asali | |
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Dokar Hana Harajin Makamashi, wacce aka fi sani da H.R. 910, ta kasance doka ta 2011 a Majalisar Wakilan Amurka don hana Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) sarrafa iskar gas don magance sauyin yanayi. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2011, kudurin ya amince da majalisar da kuri’u 255 zuwa 172. Kudirin ya mutu a watan Janairun 2013 tare da kawo karshen zaman majalisar.
Kuri'ar Majalisar game da Dokar Hana Harajin Makamashi ta 2011 ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mahimmin kuri'u biyar kan yanayi a cikin majalisar, kuma ɗaya daga cikin goma a cikin Majalisa, daga lokacin 2003 zuwa 2011, a cewar Ƙungiyar Masana Kimiyya da Kulawa da Ƙungiyar Masu jefa ƙuri'a.[1]
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2003, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta ƙaddara cewa EPA ba ta da ikon ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsabtace Tsabtace (CAA) don daidaita carbon dioxide da sauran iskar gas don magance sauyin yanayi.[2] Jihohi goma sha biyu na Amurka da kuma yankuna na Amurka, manyan biranen, kungiyoyin kare muhalli, da sauran su sun kai kara a kotun tarayya don soke hukuncin EPA. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2007, Kotun Koli ta Amurka a Massachusetts v. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta ce CAA ta ba da izini ga EPA don daidaita iskar gas a matsayin gurɓataccen iska. A cikin Disamba, 2009 EPA ta fitar da "Binciken Hatsari," wanda ya gano cewa iskar gas na barazana ga lafiya da walwala. A cikin Janairu, 2011 EPA ta aiwatar da ba da izini ga tushen iskar gas.
A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2011, a wani sauraren karar a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka kan Makamashi da Kasuwanci 'Yan Majalisar Republican sun ce kimiyyar da ke kan kokarin hukumar EPA yaudara ce, ta yi tambaya kan fassarar da EPA ta yi wa Massachusetts da Hukumar Kare Muhalli, kuma ta ce gwamnatin Obama za ta kashe ayyukan Amurkawa. Shugabar EPA Lisa P. Jackson ta ce tsaftace muhalli zai inganta lafiya da samar da ayyukan yi.[3]
Canje-canjen da aka gabatar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Idan an zartar, wannan lissafin zai gyara wasu mahimman sassa na Dokar Tsabtace Tsabtace (CAA). An gyara taken III na CAA don samun kalmar "gas ɗin gas" ya haɗa da: tururin ruwa, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons da duk wani abu da ke ƙarƙashin, ko kuma an ba da shawarar kasancewa ƙarƙashin, ƙa'ida, aiki, ko la'akari ƙarƙashin wannan Dokar sauyin yanayi.
Dokar ta ce mai gudanarwa na EPA ba zai iya ɗaukar wani mataki da ya haɗa da la'akari da iskar gas a matsayin gurɓatacce ko abubuwan da ke haifar da canjin yanayi ba. Har ila yau, ya ce "[babu wani abu] da zai sa iskar gas ya kasance ƙarƙashin sashe na C na take I… ko kuma a ɗauka a matsayin gurɓataccen iska don dalilai na lakabi V..."[4] Wannan yana nufin cewa, kamar yadda iskar gas ba za a sake la'akari da lalata ingancin iska ba, ba za a buƙaci tushe don samun izinin fitarwa ba. Waɗannan izini suna buƙatar tushen ƙazanta don kammala aikin rajista don a bisa doka su sami damar fitar da duk wani abu da ake ɗauka a matsayin gurɓatacce. Idan aka tafi tare da wannan, ba za a ƙara buƙatar ba da rahoto game da fitar da iskar gas ɗin da ake fitarwa ba.
Tarihin majalisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wakilai Fred Upton (R-6th MI) da Ed Whitfield (R-1st KY) ne suka dauki nauyin lissafin majalisar. Masu tallafawa sun haɗa da Wakilai Steve Scalise (R-1st LA), Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-5th WA), da Greg Walden (R-2nd KO). An gabatar da lissafin ne a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2011. Sanata Jim Inhofe (R-OK) ne ya rubuta doka kuma aka gabatar da shi a cikin Majalisar Dattijan Amurka kuma Sanatoci Thad Cochran da Roger Wicker (R-MS) da Marco Rubio (R-FL) suka ba da gudummawa.
A ranar 8 ga Maris, 2011, a cikin wani sauraren karar da aka yi a gaban karamin kwamitin makamashi na Kwamitin Makamashi na Majalisar kan Makamashi da Kasuwanci, 'yan majalisar Demokaradiyya sun gabatar da fitattun masana kimiyyar yanayi guda biyar wadanda suka kare ra'ayin kimiyya cewa dumamar yanayi galibi sakamakon ayyukan bil'adama ne kamar kona albarkatun mai. 'Yan majalisar Republican sun gabatar da shaidu biyu da suka ce ba a san dalilan da ke haddasa dumamar yanayi ba. A ranar 10 ga Maris, dokar ta ci gaba da ficewa daga kwamitin da aka yi na kada kuri'a. A ranar 15 ga Maris, dokar ta fice daga kwamitin majalisar kan makamashi da kasuwanci kan kuri'u 34 zuwa 19. Dukkan mambobin kwamitin Republican sun kada kuri'a, tare da 'yan Democrat uku: John Barrow (D-12th GA), Jim Matheson (D-2nd UT), da Mike Ross (D-4th AR).[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "A Climate of Corporate Control: How Corporations Have Influenced the U.S. Dialogue on Climate Science and Policy (2012)" (PDF). Union of Concerned Scientists. May 2012. Retrieved 2017-01-25
- ↑ EPA Denies Petition to Regulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Motor Vehicles" (Press release). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2003-08-23. Retrieved 2010-08-12
- ↑ Broder, John M. (February 10, 2011). "House Republicans Take E.P.A. Chief to Task". The New York Times. p. 16. Retrieved January 22, 2017
- ↑ Committee on Environment and Public Works. "Text of H.R. 910 (112th): Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011 (Referred to Senate Committee version)". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2017-01-23
- ↑ Koch, Wendy (March 16, 2011). "House panel rejects EPA's greenhouse gas rules". USA Today. Retrieved January 25, 2017