Dokar Kashewa da Gyara

Dokar Winding-up da Restructuring Act (Faransa: Loi sur les liquidations et les restructurations, WURA) doka ce ta Majalisar dokokin Kanada wacce ke ba da damar rufe wasu kamfanoni da sake fasalin cibiyoyin kudi. An wuce shi a 1985, kuma an yi gyare-gyare tun lokacin. Wadanda suka riga aikin sun koma 1882.

Tarihi

Bayan 1880 soke dokar rashin biyan kuɗi ta Kanada a matakin tarayya, Majalisar Kanada ta koma filin a 1882, ta zartar da doka "don manufar karkatar da bankunan da ba su warware matsalar ba, da kamfanonin ciniki," wanda aka sani da Dokar da ke girmama Bankunan Insolvent, Kamfanonin Inshora, Kamfanonin Lamuni, Ƙungiyoyin Gina da Kasuwanci. Har zuwa lokacin da dokar ta baci a cikin 1919, ita ce kawai dokar tarayya da ke mulkin rashin biyan kuɗi, kuma ta wuce ga kamfanoni kawai. Dokar ta 1919 ta shafi daidaikun mutane da kamfanoni, don haka an bai wa kamfanoni zabin yadda za su ci gaba da warware al'amuransu.

A shekara ta 1899, an yi tanadi don sulhu da Shirye-shiryen da za a yi a lokacin da ake gudanar da ayyukan warwarewa, dangane da amincewar masu ba da bashi da kotun.

A cikin 1966, an ba da tsarin fatarar kuɗi a kan tsarin warwarewa, kuma duk wani daga cikin na ƙarshe da aka kafa kafin takardar neman fatarar kuɗi ko aiki da ke aiki dole ne a rage shi nan da nan.

A shekara ta 1996, an sake sunan Dokar a matsayin Dokar Winding-up da Restructuring, kuma an yi tanadi don sake fasalin kamfanonin inshora.

Aikace-aikacen

Dokar ta shafi:	ban da:	inda kowane ɗayan waɗannan jikin suke:
duk kamfanonin da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin ikon tarayya, bankunan da bankunan ajiya, Bankunan kasashen waje da aka ba da izini, kamfanoni masu aminci, Kamfanonin inshora, wasu kamfanonin rance, gina al'ummomi tare da hannun jari, da kamfanonin kasuwanci da aka kafa suna kasuwanci a Kanada duk inda aka kafa su,	gina al'ummomi ba tare da hannun jari ba, kamfanonin jirgin kasa ko telegraph, ko kamfanoni da aka kafa a karkashin Dokar Kamfanonin Kasuwanci ta Kanada Dokar Kwadago ta Kanada, ko Dokar Kwadaka ta Kanada ba don riba	ba shi da kuɗi, a cikin warwarewa ko a cikin aiwatar da lalacewa, da kuma duk wani korafin jam'iyya mai sha'awar da za a kawo a karkashin dokar, ko ma'aikatar kudi, wacce ke karkashin iko, ko kadarorinta suna karkashin iko, na Superintendent kuma shine batun aikace-aikacen don umarnin warwarewa,

• ba zai iya biyan bashin ba yayin da suka zama dole (kuma bashin sama da $ 200, wanda ba a warware shi a rubuce don biyan adadin ba a cikin kwanaki 60 ba, an dauke shi haka),
• ya kira taron masu bashi don manufar hada kai da su.
• ya nuna wata sanarwa da ke nuna rashin iya biyan nauyinsa.
• ya yarda da rashin biyan kuɗi,
• yana zubar da (ko ƙoƙari ko yana gab da zubar da) duk wani dukiyarsa, don yaudarar ko kauce wa duk masu bashi.
• ya sami kwace duk wani dukiyarsa ta hanyar kowane tsari na kisa.
• ya yi duk wani jigilar kaya ko sanya dukiyarsa don amfanin masu bashi, ko, inda ba zai iya biyan bashin ba, yana isar da duk wani dukiyarsa ba tare da yardar masu bashi ba ko kuma ba tare da gamsar da ikirarin su ba.
• Kamfanin Inshora na Kanada, a matsayinsa na mai karɓa,

• ba zai iya shirya canja wurin kasuwancin ma'aikatar kudi zuwa ma'aikalin gada ba
• ba zai iya shirya shirin sake fasalin irin wannan ma'aikatar kudi ba
• kawai yana iya canja wani ɓangare na kasuwancin ma'aikatar kudi zuwa ma'auni na gada

Ban da

Ba za a iya amfani da Dokar ba lokacin da aka riga an kafa ayyukan a karkashin Dokar Bankruptcy da Insolvency, amma ita ce kawai hanyar da cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi ke ɗauka, saboda BIA ba ta rufe su ba.

Har ila yau, yana ba da hanyar da ba a yi amfani da ita sosai ga kamfanoni (ban da waɗanda CBCA, CCoopA ko CNPCA ke jagoranta) don neman warwarewa ko warwarewa wanda ba lallai ba ne ya kira ga zama mai biyan kuɗi (sai dai ga kamfanonin da aka kafa a lardin, inda buƙatun biyan kuɗi ya zama tilas). Kamfanoni waɗanda babu tanadi don warwarewa ko dai a cikin ka'idojin ƙasarsu ko a ƙarƙashin dokokin lardin da suka dace sun haɗa da waɗanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin:

• Ayyuka na Musamman na Majalisar
• Ayyuka na Musamman na Majalisar Dokoki ta Alberta
• Dokar Kamfanoni ta Kanada
• Dokar samar da tsaro
• Dokar Asusun Fensho

Aiki

Yanayin da ke da alaƙa da Dokar Fashewa da Rashin KuɗiDokar Kasuwanci da Rashin Kasuwanci

WURA ta ƙunshi tanadi da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta da BIA:

1. Duk da yake BIA ta ba da cewa mai ba da bashi zai iya yin kira ne kawai ga mai ba da bashin zuwa fatarar kuɗi inda wanda ya aikata wani aikin fatarar kuɗi, WURA ta ba da shawarar cewa mai ba shi bashi wanda ya kasa daidaita bukatar da mai ba da kuɗi ya yi a cikin kwanaki 60 an dauke shi da aikata aikin rashin biyan kuɗi kuma don haka ana iya yin kira nan da nan a cikin aikin ƙarewa. Wannan ya bambanta da duk wani aikin rashin biyan kuɗi da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin Dokar.
2. Shirye-shiryen da suka shafi kauce wa ma'amaloli da kwangila ba su da lokacin iyakancewa, kuma biyan kuɗi da aka yi a cikin kwanaki talatin na fara aikin ana zaton za a iya ajiye su.
3. Akwai nau'o'i biyu kawai na da'awar da aka fi so, kasancewar farashin gudanarwa da wasu albashi da albashi saboda ma'aikata.
4. Kotun na iya nada masu bincike a cikin ayyukan WURA, kodayake ba a bayyana ikonsu ba.

Yanayin mai narkewa

A cikin Coopérants, Mutual Life Insurance Society (Liquidator of) v Dubois, Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta yanke hukuncin cewa mai ba da gudummawa da aka nada a karkashin Dokar ya bambanta da mai kula da fatarar kuɗi da aka nada karkashin Dokar Bankruptcy da Insolvency:

Contrary to what occurs in the case of bankruptcy, the company continues to own its property, which is not transferred to the liquidator. Under s. 33 of the Winding‑up Act, the liquidator takes all the company's property, effects and choses in action "into his custody or under his control"... The liquidator is an officer of the court, appointed by the court to perform the functions prescribed by the Act and exercising his powers and performing his duties under the court's supervision. The corporate state and all the powers of the corporation continue after a winding‑up order is made; but from the time of such order the corporation is to cease to carry on business, except in so far as the liquidator considers it necessary for its beneficial winding up (s. 19). Even then, the liquidator must have the court's approval to do so under s. 35.