Dokar Majalisa
 Dokar Majalisa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
doka, primary legislation (en)  da federal law (en) |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Applies to jurisdiction (en) | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Legislated by (en) |
United States Congress (en) |
| An wallafa a |
Congressional Record (en) |
| Model item (en) |
Government Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019 (en) |
Dokar Majalisa doka ce da Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta kafa . Ayyukan aiki na iya aiki ga ƙungiyoyi ɗaya kawai (wanda ake kira masu zaman kansu dokoki ), ko ga jama'a ( dokokin jama'a ). Don kudirin ya zama aiki, dole ne rubutun ya wuce ta cikin majalisun biyu tare da rinjaye, sannan ko dai shugaban Amurka ya sanya hannu a kan doka, a bar shi ba tare da sanya hannu ba har tsawon kwanaki goma (ban da Lahadi) yayin da Majalisa ke ci gaba da zama, ko kuma, idan shugaban ya ki amincewa da shi, ya sami rinjayen majalisa daga biyu.
Dokar jama'a, doka mai zaman kanta, nadi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A {asar Amirka, an tsara ayyukan Majalisa a matsayin ko dai dokokin jama'a, da suka shafi jama'a, ko dokoki masu zaman kansu, da suka shafi takamaiman cibiyoyi ko daidaikun mutane. Tun daga shekara ta 1957, duk Ayyukan Majalisa an sanya su a matsayin "Dokar Jama'a X–Y" ko "Dokar X-Y mai zaman kanta", inda X shine adadin Majalisar kuma Y yana nufin jerin jerin lissafin (lokacin da aka kafa shi). [1] Misali, PL 111-5 ( Dokar Farfadowa da Sake Zuba Jari ta Amurka a shekara ta 2009 ) ita ce dokar jama'a ta biyar da aka kafa na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta 111 . Ana kuma taƙaita dokokin jama'a a matsayin Pub. L. No. X-Y.
Lokacin da aka gabatar da dokar waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu, ana kiranta lissafin jama'a da lissafin sirri bi da bi.
Amfani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar "aiki", kamar yadda aka yi amfani da ita a kalmar "Aikin Majalisa", na kowa ne, ba daidaitaccen suna ba . Babban girman kalmar “aiki” (musamman idan aka yi amfani da ita a tsaye kaɗai don komawa ga wani aiki da aka ambata a baya da cikakken sunansa) wasu ƙamus da hukumomin amfani sun soke su. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Duk da haka, Bluebook yana buƙatar "Dokar" ta zama babba yayin da ake magana akan takamaiman dokar. Ƙididdiga ta Amurka tana ba da "aiki".
Kalmar "Aikin Majalisa" wani lokaci ana amfani da ita a cikin maganganun da ba na yau da kullun ba don nuna wani abu wanda samun izini yana da nauyi. Misali, "Yana dau matakin Majalisa don samun izinin gini a wannan garin."
Yadawa (Amurka)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An gabatar da wani doka da ƴan rinjaye a majalisun biyu suka yi, ko kuma aka ba su ƙarfin doka, ta ɗayan hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Sa hannun shugaban kasar Amurka ,
- Rashin aiki da shugaban kasa bayan kwanaki goma daga liyafar (ban da ranar Lahadi) yayin da Majalisa ke zama, ko
- Majalissar ta sake yin la’akari da shi bayan kin amincewar shugaban kasa yayin zamanta. (Dole ne doka ta karɓi a Kuri'ar a majalisun biyu sun yi watsi da matakin shugaban kasa.)
Shugaban ya ƙaddamar da ayyukan Majalisa ta hanyoyi biyu na farko. Idan an yi wani aiki ta hanya ta uku, shugaban gidan da ya sake nazarin dokar ya ba da sanarwar.
A karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, idan shugaban kasa bai mayar da wani kudiri ko kuduri ga Majalisa ba tare da ƙin yarda kafin lokacin ya ƙare, to lissafin zai zama aiki kai tsaye; duk da haka, idan an dakatar da Majalisa a ƙarshen wannan lokacin, to, lissafin ya mutu kuma ba za a iya sake duba shi ba (duba veto aljihu ). Idan shugaban kasa ya ki amincewa da wani kudiri ko kudiri yayin da Majalisar ke zama, ana bukatar kuri’u kashi biyu bisa uku na majalisun biyu don sake nazari don samun nasara.
Shugaban kasa, ko jami'in da ya dace ya cika shelarta a cikin ma'anar bugawa da shelanta doka a cikin yanayin rashin amincewar veto, isar da dokar ga ma'aikacin adana kayan tarihin Amurka . Ma'aikacin tarihin yana ba da damar buga shi azaman doka zamewa kuma a cikin Dokokin Amurka gabaɗaya bayan karɓar aikin. Bayan haka, ana buga canje-canje a cikin Lambar Amurka .
Binciken shari'a da tsarin mulki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ta hanyar bitar shari'a, wani aikin Majalisar da ya saba wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na iya zama kotuna ta ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya sabawa kundin tsarin mulki. Sanarwa na shari'a cewa wani aiki na Majalisa ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulki baya cire dokar daga Dokokin a Manyan ko Kundin Amurka; maimakon haka, yana hana aiwatar da aikin. Koyaya, aikin kamar yadda aka buga a cikin lambobi da bayanan shari'a an yi masa alama tare da bayanan da ke nuna cewa ba doka ba ce mai kyau.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "About Bills, Resolutions, and Laws". LexisNexis. 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
About Public Laws
- ↑ "act: Meaning and Definition of". Infoplease. Archived from the original on Aug 16, 2016.
- ↑ "act". Cambridge Dictionaries Online. Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on January 26, 2004. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
- ↑ "act". Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Archived from the original on Aug 14, 2016.
- ↑ "Act Definition & Meaning". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on Jan 17, 2024.
- ↑ "Clayton Antitrust Act". The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2007. Archived from the original on Mar 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-28 – via Bartleby.com.
- ↑ "House of Commons | British Parliament & Politics". Britannica. Archived from the original on Apr 30, 2015.