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Dokar Rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki

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Dokar Rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki
Asali
Characteristics
Muhimmin darasi inflation (en) Fassara da 2021–2023 inflation surge (en) Fassara

Dokar Rage Farashin Farashi ta 2022 (IRA), Pub. L. , doka ce ta tarayya ta Amurka wacce ke da niyyar rage karancin kasafin kudin gwamnatin tarayya, rage farashin magunguna, da saka hannun jari a cikin samar da makamashi na cikin gida yayin inganta makamashi mai tsabta. Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta 117 ce ta zartar da shi kuma Shugaba Joe Biden ya sanya hannu a matsayin doka a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 2022.

KuD sulhu ne na kasafin kuɗi wanda sanatoci Chuck Schumer (D-NY) da Joe Manchin (D-WV) suka tallafawa. [1] Kudin ya kasance sakamakon tattaunawa game da Dokar Build Back Better Act da aka gabatar, wanda aka rage kuma aka sake shi gaba ɗaya daga shawarar farko bayan Manchin ya yi adawa da shi.[2] An gabatar da shi a matsayin gyare-gyare ga Dokar Build Back Better kuma an maye gurbin rubutun majalisa. Dukkanin 'yan Democrat a Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Dattilai sun kada kuri'a don lissafin yayin da duk' yan Republican masu jefa kuri'a suka kada kuri'ar adawa da shi.[3] An bayyana shi a matsayin wani muhimmin tsari.

A cewar Ofishin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisa (CBO) da Kwamitin Haɗin Kai kan Haraji (JCT), dokar za ta tara dala biliyan 738 daga sake fasalin haraji da sake fasalin magungunan magani zuwa ƙananan farashi, tare da ba da izini ga dala biliyan 891 a cikin jimlar kashewa - gami da dala biliyan 783 kan makamashi da Canjin yanayi, da kuma shekaru uku na tallafin Dokar Kulawa mai araha.[1][4] Yana wakiltar mafi girman saka hannun jari don magance canjin yanayi a tarihin Amurka.[5] Dangane da bincike mai zaman kansa da yawa, an tsara dokar don rage fitar da iskar gas ta Amurka ta 2030 zuwa kashi 40% a ƙasa da matakan 2005. [6] Har ila yau, ya haɗa da fadada Babban Ofishin Haraji na Cikin Gida (IRS), gami da hayar sabbin ma'aikata 87,000 don maye gurbin dubban dubban tafiye-tafiye na baya-bayan nan, wanda ya haifar da karɓar sama da dala biliyan 1 a cikin haraji da suka gabata daga Miliyoyin mutane da sauran masu arziki a watan Yulin 2024. [7][8] [lower-alpha 1] Ba a yi imanin cewa Dokar ta rage hauhawar farashi a cikin 2022 da 2023, kodayake wasu masana tattalin arziki sun yi hasashen cewa za ta kawo hauhawar farashin a cikin matsakaici zuwa dogon lokaci.[9][10]  

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Shirin Build Back Better Shirin wani tsarin majalisa ne wanda Shugaban Amurka Joe Biden ya gabatar tsakanin 2020 da 2021. Gabaɗaya ana kallon shi a matsayin mai girman gaske da girmansa, ya nemi yin mafi girman saka hannun jari na jama'a a cikin shirye-shiryen zamantakewa, ababen more rayuwa, da muhalli tun daga shekarun 1930 Great Depression-fighting manufofin New Deal.[11]

An raba shirin zuwa kashi uku: daya daga cikinsu, Shirin Ceto na Amurka, lissafin kashe kudi na COVID-19, an sanya hannu a cikin doka a watan Maris na 2021.[12] Sauran bangarorin biyu an sake su a cikin takardun kudi daban-daban a yayin tattaunawa mai zurfi a ciki da tsakanin hukumomin Majalisa. Shirin Ayyuka na Amurka (AJP) wani tsari ne don magance bukatun ababen more rayuwa da aka yi watsi da su da kuma rage gudummawar Amurka ga tasirin Canjin yanayi; Shirin Iyalai na Amurka (aFP) wani tsari ce don tallafawa shirye-shiryen Manufofin zamantakewa iri-iri, wasu daga cikinsu (misali hutun iyali) ba a taɓa aiwatar da su a cikin ƙasa a Amurka ba.[13][14]

Dokar Build Back Better wani lissafi ne da aka gabatar a Majalisa ta 117 don cika fannoni na Build Back Best Plan . An cire shi daga Shirin Ayyuka na Amurka, tare da Dokar Zuba Jari da Ayyuka ta Infrastructure, a matsayin kunshin sulhu na Democrat na dala tiriliyan 3.5 wanda ya haɗa da tanadi da suka shafi Canjin yanayi a Amurka (wanda ke kewaye da fasahar Sanata Ron Wyden, tsarin karfafa haraji na farko) [15] [16] da Manufofin zamantakewa, wanda ya ragu zuwa kusan dala tiriliyon 2.2. Majalisar Wakilai ta zartar da lissafin 220-213 a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2021.  

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2021, a cikin tattaunawar da kuma hanyoyin majalisa, Sanata Joe Manchin ya janye goyon bayansa daga lissafin yana mai da hankali ga farashinsa da kuma sauyawa mai tsanani zuwa makamashi mai tsabta, sannan ya janye tallafi ga dokokin sulhu nasa. Wannan ya kashe lissafin yadda ya kamata yayin da yake buƙatar sanatoci 50 don wucewa ta hanyar sulhu, kuma duk sanatocin Republican 50 sun yi adawa da shi.

A lokacin rani na 2022, Manchin da Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai Chuck Schumer sun shiga tattaunawa kan sake fasalin lissafin sulhu tare da kimanin dala tiriliyan 1 a cikin kudaden shiga daga sake fasalin haraji, dala biliyan 500 a cikin yanayi da kuma kula da lafiya, da dala biliyan 500.[17] Koyaya, Manchin ya sanar ba zato ba tsammani a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2022 cewa ba zai goyi bayan sabon kashewar yanayi ko sake fasalin haraji ba saboda tsoron da yake da shi cewa lissafin zai kara hauhawar farashin. Daga baya ya bayyana cewa zai kasance a buɗe don sake duba waɗannan abubuwa bayan 'yan watanni, idan dai hauhawar farashin ya ragu sosai.[18] Biden duk da haka ya yarda da cin nasara a kan lissafin yanayi, yana roƙon Majalisa da ta zartar da duk abin da Manchin zai yarda da shi (a slim, $ 280 biliyan lissafin kiwon lafiya wanda zai sami kudaden shiga daga barin Medicare don tattauna farashin da kuma kashe $ 40 biliyan a kan Affordable Care Act). [17] [1]

Ba a san kusan kowa da kowa a Washington ba, Manchin da Schumer sun sake shiga cikin tattaunawar sirri a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2022.[19] A ranar 27 ga watan Yulin, sa'o'i bayan Majalisar Dattijai ta zartar da Dokar CHIPS da Kimiyya, maza biyu sun fitar da wata sanarwa da ta sanar da Dokar Rage Girgizar Farashi ta dala biliyan 891 ta 2022, wanda ya hada da kashe kudi da sake fasalin haraji. [20]

Yarjejeniyar kwatsam an dauke ta a matsayin "mai ban tsoro", kamar yadda 'yan Democrat suka nuna kadan bege don farfado da yanayin su da abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a haraji, ban da Manchin da kansa yana da mummunan ra'ayi game da yiwuwar fadada lissafin.[21]

Yayin da dokar da aka sake sabuntawa ta shiga cikin majalisun majalisa, sabon gaskiyar Biden ba zato ba tsammani yana da kyakkyawar hanya don aiwatar da yawancin ajanda na cikin gida a cikin doka ya haifar da sake tantance nasarar Shugabancin Biden har zuwa yanzu kuma ana sa ran zai ba Shugaban kasa da jam'iyyarsa ci gaba a zaben tsakiyar shekara ta 2022. [22] [23]

  • Canjin farashin magunguna zuwa farashi mai rahusa, gami da tattaunawar Medicare game da farashin magunguna don wasu magunguna (farawa a sabbin 10 a kowace shekara ta 2026, yana ƙaruwa zuwa fiye da ƙarin 20 a kowace shekara [24] ta 2029) [25] [26] da kuma sakewa daga masu samar da magunguna waɗanda ke farashi - dala biliyan 281 [4] [26]
  • Zaɓin ƙarancin harajin kamfanoni na 15% ga kamfanonin da ke da sama da dala biliyan 1 na kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara - dala biliyan 222.
  • Ƙarin tilasta haraji - dala biliyan 181 [4][27]
  • Shigar da harajin haraji na 1% akan sayen hannun jari - dala biliyan 74
  • Tsawaita shekaru 2 na iyakancewa akan asarar kasuwanci - dala biliyan 53 [4]h

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Everett, Burgess (July 27, 2022). "Manchin and Schumer announce deal that includes energy, taxes". Politico. Retrieved July 27, 2022. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Zhou, Li (July 28, 2022). "How Democrats plan to overhaul taxes, climate spending, and health care before the midterms". Vox. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  3. ↑ "Senate passes Democrats' sweeping climate, health and tax bill, delivering win for Biden". www.cbsnews.com (in Turanci). August 8, 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-12.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "CBO Scores IRA with $238 Billion of Deficit Reduction". Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (in Turanci). September 7, 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-21. Note the original September 7 CBO estimates are $391 billion for climate action, $108 billion for health care, $281 billion from health savings, and $457 billion from tax reform, for a net total of $238 billion in deficit reduction.
  5. ↑ Nilsen, Ella (28 July 2022). "Clean energy package would be biggest legislative climate investment in US history". CNN. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  6. ↑ Laco, Kelly (2022-08-04). "Over 230 economists warn Manchin's spending bill will perpetuate inflation". FOXBusiness (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-02.
  7. ↑ CFP®, Kate Dore (2021-05-05). "Biden's $80 billion plan to beef up IRS audits may target wealthy small business owners". CNBC (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-12.
  8. ↑ "IRS tops $1 billion in past-due taxes collected from millionaires; compliance efforts continue involving high-wealth groups, corporations, partnerships | Internal Revenue Service".
  9. ↑ Leber, Rebecca (2022-08-12). "Fight climate change. End fossilflation. Here's how". Vox (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-08-21. Reducing reliance on fossil fuels 'will significantly reduce its grip on inflation in the broader economy,' said Zandi. It’s the reason why economists eventually expect the Inflation Reduction Act to live up to the bill’s name.
  10. ↑ Sahay, Richa (2022-11-01). "How the US Inflation Reduction Act will impact the economy". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 2023-03-13. In the short term, the US government and investment banks will remain invested in assets that may have higher emissions. But in the medium- to long-term, the impact of the IRA is likely to be deflationary. This is because the IRA is not promoting divestments from fossil-fuel, but rather encouraging investment in clean technologies.
  11. ↑ "The Build Back Better Framework". The White House (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  12. ↑ Yarmuth, John A. (2021-03-11). "H.R.1319 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): American Rescue Plan Act of 2021". Congress.gov. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  13. ↑ "Fact Sheet: The American Jobs Plan". The White House (in Turanci). March 31, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
  14. ↑ "Fact Sheet: The American Families Plan". The White House (in Turanci). 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  15. ↑ Dayen, David (September 26, 2022). "How Policy Got Done in 2022". The American Prospect. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  16. ↑ Weissmann, Jordan (August 16, 2023). "How the Inflation Reduction Act was really born". Semafor. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Everett, Burgess (July 14, 2022). "Manchin's offer to Dems: Take a health care deal or try again later". Politico (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  18. ↑ Weissmann, Jordan (2022-07-15). "Joe Manchin Just Knifed What Was Left of Biden's Agenda". Slate Magazine (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  19. ↑ Lizza, Ryan; Daniels, Eugene (August 8, 2022). "Politico Playbook: How it really happened: The Inflation Reduction Act". Politico (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  20. ↑ Kevin Liptak; Manu Raju; Ella Nilsen; Alex Rogers (July 28, 2022). "How secret negotiations revived Joe Biden's agenda and shocked Washington". CNN. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  21. ↑ "Manchin's latest shocker: A $700B deal". Politico (in Turanci). July 27, 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  22. ↑ "Biden suddenly is piling up wins. Can Dems make it stick?". Politico (in Turanci). August 9, 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  23. ↑ Chait, Jonathan (2022-08-12). "Joe Biden's Best Week Ever". Intelligencer (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  24. ↑ Cubanski, Juliette; Neuman, Tricia; Freed, Meredith (22 September 2022). "Explaining the Prescription Drug Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act". KFF. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Sachs 2022
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Cutler, David M. (2022-09-01). "Medicare Enters the Pharmaceutical Purchasing Business". JAMA Health Forum. American Medical Association (AMA). 3 (9): e223630. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.3630. ISSN 2689-0186. PMID 36218929 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 252035393 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  27. ↑ CFP®, Kate Dore (August 9, 2022). "With 87,000 new agents, here's who the IRS may target for audits". CNBC (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-10.


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