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Dokar Samun Bayani

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

 

(RS, 1985, c. A-1) (Faransanci: Loi sur l'accès à l'information) ko Dokar Bayani Dokar Kanada ce da ke ba da damar samun bayanai a ƙarƙashin ikon hukuma ta tarayya. Ya zuwa 2020, Dokar ta ba da izinin "mutane da ke biyan $ 5 don neman jerin fayilolin tarayya". sakin layi na 2. (1) na Dokar ("Manufa") ya bayyana cewa ya kamata a sami bayanan gwamnati ga jama'a, amma tare da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci ga haƙƙin samun dama wanda ya kamata ya zama iyakance kuma takamaiman, kuma cewa yanke shawara game da bayyana bayanan gwamnati ya kamata a sake dubawa ba tare da gwamnati ba. Daga baya sakin layi ya ba da alhakin wannan bita ga Kwamishinan Bayanai, wanda ke ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga majalisa maimakon gwamnati mai iko. Koyaya, Dokar ta ba kwamishinan ikon kawai don ba da shawara maimakon tilasta sakin bayanan da aka nema cewa kwamishinan ya yanke hukunci kada ya kasance ƙarƙashin kowane bambanci da aka ƙayyade a cikin Dokar.

A shekara ta 1982, Ostiraliya, Denmark, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, da Amurka (1966), sun kafa Dokar 'yancin bayanai ta zamani. Dokar Samun Bayani ta Kanada ta fara aiki a 1983, [1] a karkashin gwamnatin Pierre Trudeau, ta ba da izinin 'yan Kanada su dawo da bayanai daga fayilolin gwamnati, suna kafa abin da za a iya samun dama, suna ba da umarni ga lokutan don amsawa. Ta hanyar ka'idojin wannan zamanin, an dauke shi a matsayin abin koyi na kyakkyawan aiki, bayan da ya ɗauki aiwatarwa da doka da muhimmanci fiye da sauran ƙasashe. Dokar ta kirkiro sabbin ofisoshin da ke da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun don sarrafa shigowar buƙatun, kuma ta haɓaka hanyoyin da suka dace don ƙarfafa aiwatar da buƙatun cikin sauri. Bugu da ƙari, Kwamishinan Bayanai ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara mai sauƙi don sasanta shari'o'in yiwuwar rashin kulawa.

Dokar Sirriyar ta Ƙarin ta fara aiki a cikin 1983. Manufar wannan Dokar ita ce ta tsawaita dokokin Kanada na yanzu waɗanda ke kare sirrin mutane game da bayanan sirri game da kansu da cibiyar gwamnatin tarayya ke riƙe da su kuma suna ba da damar samun wannan bayanin. Hakkin mallaka ne na Crown. Wannan Dokar ta tanadi cewa za a iya ba da rahoton korafe-korafe game da yiwuwar keta dokar ga Kwamishinan Tsaro.

A cikin 1998, bayan Al'amarin Somaliya, an kara wani sashi ga Dokar, yana mai da shi laifi na tarayya don lalata, yaudarar, ko ɓoye takardun jama'a.[2]

Samun damar Kanada ga dokokin bayanai ya bambanta tsakanin samun damar yin rikodin gabaɗaya da samun damar yin rajistar da ke ƙunshe da bayanan sirri game da mutumin da ke yin buƙata. Dangane da banbanci, mutane suna da damar samun dama ga bayanan da ke dauke da nasu bayanan sirri a karkashin Dokar Sirri [3] amma jama'a gaba ɗaya ba su da damar samun damar yin amfani da bayanan da ke ƙunshe da bayanan sirri game da wasu a ƙarƙashin Dokar Samun Bayani.

Daga 1989 zuwa 2008, an tsara buƙatun da aka yi wa gwamnatin tarayya a cikin Tsarin Samun Samun Bayani (CAIRS). [4] Kodayake ba a tsara CAIRS da farko don amfani da jama'a ba, bayanan da ke cikin bayanan sun haifar da sha'awar jama'a.[5] Shafukan yanar gizo guda biyu wadanda ba na gwamnati ba [6] sun ba da bayanai daga CAIRS ga jama'a tare da wurin bincike. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008, gwamnatin Conservative ta Firayim Minista Stephen Harper ta dakatar da kula da wannan bayanan.

Shirye-shiryen da aka tsara

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Gwamnatin Mulroney

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekara ta 1987, Babban Lauyan ya gabatar da rahoto ga Majalisar tare da marubuci da goyon baya ɗaya na "Kwamitin Shari'a" wanda ya kunshi Kwamitin Dandalin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Shari'a tare da kansa, mai taken Open and Shut: Enhancing the Right to Know and the Right to Privacy . ATI/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;cite report&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Cite_report&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Open and Shut: Enhancing the Right to Know and the Right to Privacy&quot;},&quot;url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/lbrr/ctlg/shwttls-eng.aspx?d=PS&amp;i=879829&quot;},&quot;author&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Justice Committee&quot;},&quot;publisher&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;[[Queen's Printer]] for Canada&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1987&quot;},&quot;access-date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;14 September 2014&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwAdU\"> </span><cite about=\"#mwt38\" class=\"citation report cs1\" id=\"CITEREFJustice_Committee1987\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Justice Committee (1987). </cite>"}}" id="cite_ref-Open_and_Shut_10-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Access_to_Information_Act#cite_note-Open_and_Shut-10 [1]] Ya ƙunshi shawarwari sama da 100 don yin gyare-gyare ga ATI da Dokar Sirri. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan sun yi ma'amala da keɓancewa daga samun dama, suna ba da shawarar ƙara gwajin rauni a mafi yawan lokuta, wanda zai kimanta "launin da ke da sha'awa (misali, gudanar da al'amuran kasa da kasa) wanda za'a iya sa ran zai haifar da bayyanawa". Kwamitin ya ba da shawarar cewa a share cikakken cire bayanan majalisar daga aikin Dokar kuma a maye gurbinsa da cirewa wanda ba zai kasance ƙarƙashin gwajin rauni ba. Wannan gagarumin canji zai ba da damar Kwamishinan Bayanai da Kotun Tarayya ta Kanada su sake duba abin da ake zargi da "takardun ofishin" don sanin ko su ne, a zahiri, asirin majalisar ministoci kuma sun cancanci a cire su. Amsar gwamnati ga rahoton, wanda Ministan Sayarwa da Ayyuka ya buga a 1987 kuma mai taken "Access and Privacy: The Steps Ahead", gabaɗaya ya goyi bayan gudanarwa, amma ba majalisa ba, canje-canjen da aka gabatar a cikin rahoton Kwamitin Shari'a. An ki amincewa da manufar mummunan rauni a matsayin tushen aikace-aikacen keɓancewa kuma keɓancewa don bayanan da aka karɓa cikin amincewa daga wasu gwamnatoci an tabbatar da shi bisa ga cewa, "[t]shi shirye-shiryen wasu gwamnatocin su ci gaba da raba bayanan su tare da Kanada zai iya shafar mummunan tasiri ta hanyar ƙaramin matakin kariya wanda za a ba shi idan an aiwatar da waɗannan shawarwari".

Gwamnatin Chretien

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

In 2000, Information Commissioner John Grace presented his case for reform of the Act. He recognized that "while the Act has served well in enshrining the right to know, it has also come to express a single-request, often confrontational approach to providing information – an approach which is too slow and cumbersome for an information society." He made forty-three recommendations for updating the Act.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span>]

A watan Agustan 2000, Ministan Shari'a da Shugaban Kwamitin Baitulmalin sun kaddamar da rundunar aiki don sake duba Dokar. Rahoton kwamitin da aka gabatar a watan Yunin 2002, mai taken, Samun Bayani: Yin aiki ga 'yan Kanada, ya sami "rikice a cikin gudanar da bayanai" a cikin gwamnati.[7] Ya ba da shawarwari 139 don sake fasalin majalisa, gudanarwa da al'adu. Babu wani abu da ya fito daga wannan rahoton.

Gwamnatin Martin

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A cikin fall of 2003, memba na majalisar John Bryden ya yi ƙoƙari ya fara cikakken gyare-gyare na Dokar ta hanyar lissafin membobin masu zaman kansu, Bill C-462, [8] wanda ya mutu a kan Dokar Dokar tare da rushewar majalisar ta 37 a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2004. Memba na NDP Pat Martin ne ya gabatar da irin wannan lissafin a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2004 a matsayin Bill C-201 . [9] Ya fuskanci irin wannan makomar.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2005, Ministan Shari'a Irwin Cotler ya gabatar da takarda mai taken A Comprehensive Framework for Access to Information Reform . [10]

Daga baya a shekara ta 2005, an gabatar da wani kudurin lissafi, mai taken Open Government Act, a gaban Kwamitin Dandalin House of Commons kan Samun Bayani, Sirri da Da'a. Kwamishinan Bayanai John Reid ne ya kirkireshi bisa buƙatar Kwamitin Dindindin, dokar da aka gabatar ta haɗa da canje-canje masu yawa ga dokar.[11] Babban burin shi ne magance damuwa game da "al'adun sirri" a cikin yanayin siyasa da na gwamnati. Wannan takardar kudi da farko ta sami goyon bayan jam'iyyun da yawa, amma bai isa ba don haifar da gabatarwa ta gwamnati ko sashi a cikin nau'ikan takardun kudi guda biyu na memba masu zaman kansu bisa ga wannan takardar.

Gwamnatin Harper

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Ainihin wannan takardar kudi tare da taken "Open Government Act", amma tare da muhimmiyar kari na cikakken ikon yin oda don saki rikodin, NDP MP Pat Martin ne ya gabatar da shi a matsayin Bill C-554 a cikin 2008, kuma a matsayin Bill B-301 [12] a cikin 2011. Wannan na karshe ya kai Karatu na Farko a ranar 29 ga Satumba a zaman farko na Majalisar dokoki ta 41, sannan aka sake dawo da shi a zaman na biyu a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2013. Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2014, ya kasance a kan takardar umarni yana jiran Karatu na biyu.

A shekara ta 2009, Kwamishinan Bayanai Robert Marleau ya bayyana a gaban Kwamitin Dandalin House of Commons kan Samun Bayanai, Sirri da Da'a. [13] Kwamishinan ya jaddada cewa "an bukaci aiki da gaggawa don sabuntawa" da ƙarfafa Dokar.[was] Ya gabatar da "jerin takamaiman shawarwari goma sha biyu waɗanda ke wakiltar muhimmiyar mataki na farko" don "magana da batutuwan da suka fi gaggawa". (Kimanin makonni 15 bayan haka, Mista Marleau ya yi murabus ba zato ba tsammani shekaru biyar kafin ƙarshen wa'adinsa na yau da kullun, saboda dalilai na "cikakken sirri da na sirri". An ruwaito wannan ya haifar da "duhu game da saurin da kuma jagorancin gyare-gyare ga dokokin bayanai na Kanada da yake jagoranta".

A ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2012, Sashen Harkokin Shari'a da Shari'a na Ma'aikatar Bayanai da Bincike na Majalisar Dokoki ya buga wani Laburaren Majalisar, mai taken The Access to Information Act and Proposals for Reform . [14] Manufar takardar ita ce gano mahimman abubuwan da suka fito daga manyan binciken Dokar da aka gudanar a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, da kuma nazarin wasu shawarwari na baya-bayan nan game da sake yin aiki da dokar. Takardar ta taƙaita muhimman ƙoƙari goma sha ɗaya a cikin majalisa da gwamnatin tarayya daga 1987 zuwa 2009. Daga nan sai ya kammala ta hanyar lura da cewa gwamnatin Conservative ta Stephen Harper da ke mulki a cikin 2011-2012 ta ba da shawarar inganta damar samun bayanai, ba ta hanyar yin gyare-gyare ga Dokar ba, amma ta hanyar gabatar da abin da ta kira "gwamnati mai budewa" da kuma "bayanai masu budewa". Takardar ta ci gaba da bayar da rahoton cewa, a matsayin martani, kwamishinonin bayanai da tsare sirri na Kanada sun ba da shawarar cewa Shirin Aiki a kan Gwamnatin Budewa yana wakiltar damar da aka rasa don sake fasalin Dokar gaba ɗaya. Kwamishinan Bayanai Suzanne Legault ya ba da shawarar a cikin wasika cewa gwamnati ta amince da kuma tallafawa dangantakar da ke tsakanin gwamnati mai budewa da Dokar zamani.[15] Ta lura, "Bincikenmu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya nuna ba kawai tsufa na dokar ba har ma da wasu raunin da ke ciki wanda zai iya hana ko hana ci gaban gwamnati mai budewa da gaske wanda ke karɓar bukatun' yan ƙasa da tattalin arzikinta kuma yana cikin mataki tare da sauran gwamnatoci. "

Gwamnatin Trudeau

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A lokacin yakin neman zabe a shekarar 2015, dan takarar Justin Trudeau, da Jam'iyyar Liberal da yake wakilta, sun yi alkawarin canza Dokar Samun Bayanai don hada da Ofishin Firayim Minista da Ma'aikatar a cikin ikonsa. Koyaya, canjin farko da ya gabatar a cikin aikin a watan Yunin 2017 bai haɗa da wani abu game da kowanne ofisoshin ba. Maimakon haka, canje-canjen da aka gabatar sun haɗa da alkawura don fitar da ƙarin bayani fiye da baya. Kudin ya haɗa da kotuna a cikin iyakarsa, wanda ke nufin cewa an bayyana kuɗin tafiye-tafiye da baƙi na alƙali yanzu. Bugu da ƙari, an kuma bayyana takardun bayani da wasiƙun umarni ta atomatik.

Sauran canje-canjen da aka gabatar sun ba da damar Kwamishinan Bayanai ya ba da umarni ga takamaiman sassan gwamnati don buga bayanai. Idan sashen bai yi ba, to za a kai karar kotun tarayya. Wani alkawarin da 'yan Liberals suka yi shi ne gudanar da sake dubawa game da Dokar Samun Bayanai a kowace shekara 5 a kalla. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin sabon tsari Kwamishinan Bayanai yana da ikon ƙin magance korafe-korafe da aka yanke musu hukunci "marasa amfani ko damuwa". A karkashin dokar da ta gabata, kowa na iya yin kira ga ofishin Kwamishinan Bayanai.

Yawancin sukar canje-canjen da aka yi wa aikin sun shafi karya alkawarin daga zaben, yayin da yawancin mutanen da ke kare shawarar suka mayar da hankali kan fadada bayyanar da hankali. Shugaban Hukumar Baitulmalin Scott Brison ya ce wannan don kare ayyukan gwamnati:

"Ƙaddamarwa da sanyawa cikin doka don fitar da bayanan gwamnati wani muhimmin mataki ne a haɗuwa da kuma nuna ka'idar budewa ta tsoho, wanda muka yi imanin shine makomar raba bayanan gwamnati. " Trudeau ya yi alkawari a lokacin zaben don kara ikon Kwamishinan Bayanai, wanda ya yi. Amma, sau da yawa a baya gwamnati ta ki amincewa da bukatar Jami'in Bayanai kuma hakan ya haifar da shari'o'in Kotun Tarayya. Kamar yadda ake tsammani, 'yan siyasa da ke wakiltar wasu jam'iyyun ba su gamsu da karyawar da aka yi a lokacin zaben ba. "Sun bar babban alkawarin da ya faru", in ji NDP Nathan Cullent a mayar da martani ga shawarar. "Ta hanyar cire ikon neman bayanai daga ofisoshin ministoci da PMO, wannan gwamnati ba ta cika alkawarin kamfen ɗin su na 'buɗewa ta hanyar tsoho,' shine yadda Katie Gibbs ta ji game da canje-canje. Gibbs ita ce babban darakta na kungiyar Evidence for Democracy, kuma ta goyi bayan wasu sassan aikin a fili, amma gabaɗaya ta yi takaici da 'yan Liberals ba su cika alkawarinsu na zabe ba.

Ci gaba da rushewa a cikin samun bayanai na gwamnatin tarayya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Jami'ar Moncton farfesa Donald Savoie ta 2003 littafin, Breaking the Bargain, [16] ya lura cewa a Kanada akwai rashin son sanya komai a rubuce, gami da imel, wanda zai iya samun hanyar shiga cikin jawabin jama'a. A matsayin mahallin, ya yi jayayya cewa rawar da bureaucracy ke takawa a cikin na'urar siyasa ta Kanada ba a taɓa bayyana ta yadda ya kamata ba, cewa dangantakar da ke tsakanin zaɓaɓɓun jami'an gwamnati da na dindindin tana ƙara matsala kuma cewa sabis na jama'a ba zai iya aiki ba idan ana sa ran ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga, kuma yana ƙarƙashin, zaɓaɓɓen jami'an.

A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2005, Ƙungiyar Jaridu ta Kanada ta buga wani rahoto mai taken In Pursuit of Meaningful Access to Information Reform: Proposals to Strengthen Canadian Democracy . [17] Rahoton ya samo asali ne daga karuwar wahalar da 'yan jarida da membobin kungiyar suka yi amfani da su wajen samun "bayani game da gwamnati da suke buƙata don sanar da jama'a game da al'amuran da suka shafi kasa". Rahoton ya lura cewa "Kwamishinan Bayanai da suka biyo baya sun soki 'al'adun sirri' a Ottawa, inda sassan gwamnati ke rushe nufin majalisar tare da rashin hukunci. " An ba da shawarar saiti na takamaiman fasalulluka ashirin na Dokar da aka sake sabuntawa, bisa ga saiti na "Ma'auni" bakwai.

A shekara ta 2006, Alasdair Roberts, wanda a halin yanzu yake a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Suffolk kuma marubucin littattafai da yawa kan harkokin jama'a, ya gabatar da wani rahoto mai taken Biyu Challenges in Administration of the Access to Information Act to the Gomery Commission investigating the Sponsorship scandal in the federal government. [18] A cikin mahallin shekara ta 2006, Farfesa Roberts ya gano cewa "A fannoni da yawa, aikin Kanada [ya kasance] mafi girma ga aiki a ƙarƙashin Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai ta Amurka (FOIA), kodayake shahararren ra'ayi [ya kasance) sau da yawa baya, kuma ya fi girma ga aikin da ke tasowa a ƙarƙashin sabon tsarin UK FOIA da aka tsara kwanan nan".[was] Kalubale Biyu da ya gano sune Adversarialism a cikin gudanar da Dokar, da kuma iyakanceccen Dokar. Game da tsohon, "daidaitawar dakarun" tsakanin "duka masu tsayayya" don da kuma adawa da bayyanawa bazai iya "adanawa a tsawon lokaci ba; wani bangare na iya tabbatar da ƙwarewa wajen haɓaka sabbin dabarun fiye da ɗayan. Shaida ya nuna cewa cibiyoyin tarayya sun haɓaka dabaru don sarrafa buƙatun siyasa masu mahimmanci waɗanda yanzu suka rage ka'idodin ATIA". An lura da waɗannan dabarun don haifar da jinkiri masu mahimmanci a cikin aiwatar da buƙatun bayanai da aka ɗauka suna da hankali na siyasa, watakila saboda sun samo asali ne daga 'yan jarida. Farfesa Roberts ya lura cewa "irin wannan jinkiri ya nuna cewa ka'idar ATIA ta kasance a ko'ina kuma a kai a kai ta cibiyoyin tarayya. ATIA ya kamata ta mutunta dokar daidaito: zaton cewa za a bi da buƙatun bayanai kamar haka, ba tare da la'akari da sana'ar mai nema ba ko manufar da ake neman bayanin". Game da Scope, Farfesa Roberts ya lura cewa "babban matsala tare da ATIA shine gazawarta ta haɗa da manyan cibiyoyin tarayya da yawa. Shekaru da yawa, wahalar ta'allaka ne akan cire Kamfanonin Crown; kwanan nan, matsalar ta fadada ta haɗa da 'yan kwangila na gwamnati da kewayon hukumomin gwamnati waɗanda ke yin manyan ayyuka na jama'a".[had]

A watan Satumbar 2008, wani rahoto mai shafi 393, wanda kungiyoyin jaridu da yawa na Kanada suka tallafawa tare da BC Freedom of Information and Privacy Association [19] da lauyoyi biyu na Vancouver, sun kwatanta Dokar Samun Bayani ta Kanada da dokokin "Freedom of Information" na larduna da na wasu kasashe 68. [20] Kamar yadda taken rahoton ya nuna: "Fallen Behind: Canada's Access to Information Act in the World Context", ya kammala cewa "Kanada tabbas tana buƙatar aƙalla ɗaga dokokinta na FOI har zuwa mafi kyawun ƙa'idodin abokan hulɗarta na Commonwealth- sannan, da fatan, duba bayan Commonwealth don la'akari da sauran duniya. Wannan ba manufa ce mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ko rashin ma'ana, don cimma ta, 'yan majalisa na Kanada ba sauka zuwa nan gaba amma kawai shiga cikin yanzu".

A shekara ta 2009, an ruwaito Ministan Shari'a Rob Nicholson [21] cewa ya gaya wa Kwamitin Tsaro na House of Commons kan Samun Bayanai, Sirri da Da'a a ranar 4 ga Mayu cewa: "Ina so ku san cewa ban yarda da duk wanda zai ba da shawarar cewa wannan ƙasa tana da mummunan rikodin duk abin da ya shafi samun damar batutuwan bayanai ba". Mista Nicholson ya ci gaba da cewa "wannan kasar tana da rikodin rikodin, kuma idan wani yana da wani abu daban da zai ce, to ina cewa ba daidai ba ne".

A ranar 29 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2009, Stanley Tromp, mai kula da kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Kanada kuma marubucin rahoton Fallen Behind na shekara ta 2008, ya yi jawabi ga Taron' yan majalisa: Bayyanawa a cikin Digital Era.[21] Mista Tromp ya ba da rahoton cewa "masana FOI a wasu ƙasashe sun lura da matsayin da aka yi wa Dokar ATI a cikin yanayin duniya". Misalan da ya bayar sun hada da:

  • David Banisar, Babban Lauyan Shari'a na kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta London ARTICLE 19, ya rubuta a cikin Binciken FOI na Duniya na 2006 [22] "Akwai sanarwa mai yawa cewa Dokar ATI, wacce ba ta canza ba tun lokacin da aka karbe ta, tana buƙatar sabuntawa sosai".
  • Farfesa na shari'ar Australiya Rick Snell ya kira Dokar Kanada "mai banƙyama," da kuma tsarin Ottawa na samar da bayanai a matsayin ƙarni na 19, ƙoƙari na doki da buggy don "management sirri".[23]
  • Wani rahoto daga Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative ya gano cewa haƙƙin samun dama a Kanada "ya kasa" bin Mataki na 19 na Yarjejeniyar Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 1976 kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010, kwatankwacin kasa da kasa na samun damar samun bayanai na gwamnati ya sanya Kanada ta ƙarshe tsakanin kasashe huɗu na Commonwealth tare da ireland; babban canji daga shekaru goma da suka gabata lokacin da kasar ta zama abin koyi ga 'yancin bayanai a duniya. An buga binciken Kwalejin Jami'ar London da ke kwatanta Kanada, Burtaniya, Ostiraliya, New Zealand, da Ireland a cikin Bayanan Gwamnati Quarterly . [24]

A cikin watan Satumba na 2014, an buga littafi mai suna Gwamnatin da ba ta da alhaki: Rugujewar Dimokuradiyyar Majalisa a Kanada.[1] Marubucin shine Brent Rathgeber, yana zama dan majalisa mai zaman kansa a shekara ta 2014 tun bayan murabus dinsa daga jam'iyyar Conservative a 2013. A da ya kasance memba na Conservative Conservative a majalisar dokoki ta Alberta. A cikin littafin, Mista Rathgeber ya kwatanta halin da dimokuradiyyar Kanada ke ciki a halin yanzu da ka'idodin kafa gwamnati mai alhakin da aka kafa a shekara ta 1867. Ya yi nazari kan sakamakon rashin iyawa ko ɓatar da zaɓaɓɓun wakilai na zamani don aiwatar da aikin da tsarin mulki ya ba su na riƙe firaminista da majalisarsa da kuma sakamakon rashin kula da abin da majalisar zartaswa ta yi a yanzu. Tare da wannan a matsayin mahallin, Mista Rathgeber ya sadaukar da Babi na 11 don Riƙe iko: Karɓar Dokokin Samun Bayanai na Kanada. Ya ba da ra'ayin Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai Suzanne Legault[2] cewa biyu daga cikin mafi yawan. Babban gazawar dokar yanzu shine cewa ba a sabunta ta ba don tinkarar ko dai tasirin fasahar bayanai na dijital ko haɓaka ma'auni da sarƙaƙƙiya na gwamnati da daidaitawa da ƙaddamar da yanke shawara. Wata babbar matsala ita ce, kwamishinan ba shi da ikon tilastawa maimakon kawai bayar da shawarar fitar da bayanan da aka nema waɗanda ba su dace da sirri ba bisa ƙayyadaddun dalilai masu iyaka, ikon da ke akwai a wasu hukunce-hukuncen da suka haɗa da lardunan Kanada da dama. Don ƙara wa matsalar, jerin keɓancewa da ke akwai a cikin Dokar da ke akwai sun ƙaru sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Mista Rathgeber ya ruwaito kwamishinan ya ce "Tsarin shiga Kanada (ya kasance) rashin aiki sosai har RCMP ta daina amsa buƙatun gabaɗaya, kuma Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta ƙasa ta bayyana cewa za ta buƙaci kwanaki 1100 don kammala buƙatu ɗaya da take aiki akai". Ya kuma lura da cewa, “akwai tarin shaidun da ke nuna cewa ma’aikatan gwamnati, musamman ma’aikatan siyasa, suna gudanar da kasuwancinsu da baki, ba tare da rike bayanan ba, ko a madadin haka, suna musayar wasiku ta hanyar adiresoshin imel na sirri da/ko yin amfani da na’urori na zamani wadanda ba su da wata alama”[1]. An ruwaito kwamishinan ya ba da shawarar cewa dokar da aka sake yin aiki ya kamata a gyara kurakuran da aka ambata tare da tsawaita dokar da za ta shafi majalisar, ciki har da harkokin gudanarwa na majalisa, da ofisoshin ministoci, inda yawancin ci gaban manufofi da yanke shawara game da dalar haraji.

A cikin Satumba 2014, Canadian Press ya ba da rahoton cewa wani umarni na Hukumar Baitulmali a baya a lokacin rani na 2013 ya gabatar da wata manufar da ta buƙaci ma'aikatan tarayya su tuntuɓi lauyoyin sassan game da ko ya kamata a rarraba takardu a matsayin sirri.[1] Ofishin masu zaman kansu (PCO), sakatariyar majalisar ministocin tarayya ne suka yanke irin wannan shawarar a da. Bayan canjin manufofin, ana tuntuɓar PCO a cikin "masu rikitarwa kawai", al'adar da farfesa Errol Mendes, masanin tsarin mulki a Jami'ar Ottawa kuma tsohon Babban Mashawarci ga PCO ya bayyana a matsayin "mummuna". Ya bayyana cewa PCO ne kawai ke da cikakken bayani game da ko an shirya takarda don - ko kuma ta gani - majalisar ministocin tarayya kuma, saboda haka, ta cancanci ware. Tasirin umarnin shine danne manyan takardu, wanda ya ninka adadin korafe-korafe ga Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai, mai zaman kansa. Suzanne Legault, [2] Kwamishinan da ke kan mulki a wannan lokacin, ya nuna damuwa, yana kwatanta iyakar sabon tushen cirewa daga sakin a matsayin "mai fadi sosai", da kuma kasa "mutunta mahimman ka'idojin 'yancin bayanai". Dan majalisar masu sassaucin ra'ayi John McKay ya bayyana yunkurinsa na fitar da bayanan da ake bukata don yin "hukunce-hukunce masu zaman kansu" wajen cika ayyukan majalisar a matsayin "aiki cikin takaici". Har ila yau, an bayyana koke-koke daga kafafen yada labarai da kuma jami’an gwamnatin tarayya da ke da alhakin sa ido, ciki har da babban mai binciken kudi, jami’in kasafin kudi na majalisar dokoki, da kuma jami’an tsaro na sojoji. Michael Ferguson (Aditor Janar) ya ce kokarin da ya yi a farkon shekarar 2014 na duba tsare-tsaren fansho na jama'a don tantance lafiyarsu na dogon lokaci ya samu cikas daga jami'an ma'aikatar kudi da baitulmali. Kevin Page, Jami'in Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar a lokacin 2008-2013, ya bayyana cewa majalisar ko ofishinsa ba za su iya samun bayanan da suke bukata ba. Ya kara da cewa: "Gwamnati tana neman majalisar ta kada kuri'a kan kudirorin doka ba tare da bayanan kudi ba kuma suna fakewa da rufin asiri na amincewar majalisar. Ya kammala da cewa dokar ta bukaci a yi babban bita[3].

  • 'Yanci na bayanai a Kanada
  • Dokar 'yancin bayanai
  • Tushen Bayani - ajiyar bayanai da ake samu ta hanyar Dokar Sirri da Dokar Samun Bayani
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  4. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cbc
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