Dokar Sirriyar Bayanai da Karewa ta Amurka
 Dokar Sirriyar Bayanai da Karewa ta Amurka | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
Dokar Sirriyar Bayanai da Kare Bayanai ta Amurka (ADPPA) wata doka ce ta Amurka da aka gabatar a kan layi wanda, idan aka kafa shi cikin doka, zai tsara yadda kungiyoyi ke kiyayewa da amfani da bayanan masu amfani. Dokar bipartisan, bicameral ita ce dokar sirri ta Amurka ta farko da ta wuce alamar kwamitin, wanda ta yi da kusan ɗaya.
Abinda ke ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar Sirriyar Bayanai da Kare Bayanai ta Amurka (ADPPA) tana da niyyar tsara yadda kungiyoyi ke kiyayewa da amfani da bayanan mabukaci. Dokar tana da manyan ka'idoji da yawa: rage bayanai, mallakar mutum, da haƙƙin aiki na sirri. Nauyin kimanta shirye-shiryen kowace kungiya zai fada ga kungiyar.[1]
Masu tattara bayanai za su rage bayanan da suka tattara zuwa abin da ya kasance "mahimmanci, daidai, kuma iyakance ga" manufar su, ko gudanar da samfurin ko sadarwa. Kudin zai ba Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya shekara guda don bayyana waɗannan sharuɗɗa. Rage bayanai ƙa'ida ce ta gama gari tsakanin sauran dokokin sirri, amma ADPPA zai shafi ayyukan kasuwanci fiye da ayyukan bin doka. ADPPA kuma zai sami iyakantaccen canja wuri da wasu sarrafa Lambobin Tsaro na Jama'a, ainihin geolocation, bayanan halittu da kwayar halitta, kalmomin shiga, tarihin bincike, da bin diddigin ayyukan jiki.[1]
A matsayin dokar sirri ta farko ta tarayya, ADPPA za ta maye gurbin dokokin jihohi kamar Dokar Tsaro ta Abokin Ciniki ta California da Dokar Tsaro na Colorado, kodayake za a kare tanadin jihohi game da Bayanan biometric da keta bayanai. Kudin tarayya zai hada da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (yayinda yawancin dokokin sirri na jihohi ba su yi ba), kodayake wadanda ba su da riba za su fada ƙarƙashin "ƙananan masu riƙe da bayanai".[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babu wata dokar tarayya da ke kula da sirrin kan layi a Amurka.[2] A watan Yulin 2022, Dokar Sirriyar Bayanai da Kare Bayanai ta Amurka (ADPPA) ta zama dokar sirrin sirri ta farko ta tarayya ta yanar gizo don wucewa kwamitin, Kwamitin Makamashi da Kasuwanci na House, kuma ta yi hakan tare da kusan amincewa.[2][3] Shugaban kwamitin Frank Pallone ne ya tallafawa, lissafin majalisa biyu yana da goyon bayan jam'iyyun biyu kuma ya haɗa da izinin jam'iyyu biyu wanda ya ƙuntata yunkurin da aka yi a baya a lissafin sirri na jam'iyyuu biyu. [2][3] Wakilin majalisar Cathy McMorris Rodgers ne ya jagoranci lissafin kuma, a cikin sauran majalisar dokoki, Sanata Roger Wicker . [4] Duk da yake Rahotanni na Abokin Ciniki da Cibiyar Bayar da Bayani ta Lantarki dukansu sun nuna kyakkyawan fata ga lissafin, sanatocin Democrat da yawa sun yi adawa da lissafin saboda yana iya soke kariya mai karfi daga dokokin jihohi da yawa.[3]
Kodayake lissafin yana da goyon bayan jam'iyyun biyu yayin da ya ci gaba zuwa bene na Majalisar, ya fuskanci adawa daga 'yan majalisa na California, shugaban Kwamitin Kasuwanci na Majalisar Dattijai Maria Cantwell, da manyan kamfanonin fasaha.[2]
A matsayinta na shugabar kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai da ke da alhakin sirrin bayanai, Maria Cantwell ita ce mai tsaron ƙofar kowane irin lissafin don isa filin majalisar dattijai. Cantwell, wacce ke da nata dokar sirri ta kan layi a cikin takardar, ta kuma ki amincewa da wani dokar sirri ta yanar gizo ta jam'iyya biyu da Sanatoci Richard Blumenthal da Marsha Blackburn suka gabatar a farkon shekarar. Babban damuwarta game da ADPPA shine tanadin tilasta ta. Shirin kansa na Cantwell ya kasance yana fama da tanadin da zai hana masu amfani ƙirƙirar karar da aka yi wa kamfanonin da suka cutar da su.
Rashin amincewa da Roe v. Wade na 2022 ya haifar da karuwar sha'awar lissafin sirri na tarayya, tare da damuwa game da yadda masu ba da bayanai da masu haɓaka aikace-aikace suka yi amfani da shi, kamar ziyarar mai amfani zuwa asibitocin zubar da ciki ko amfani da aikace-aikacen lokaci, za'a iya amfani da shi don yin amfani da masu amfani a jihohin da zubar da cikin ciki. ADPPA za ta kare sirrin kiwon lafiya kuma ba za ta magance Roe kai tsaye ba.[3]
Mai ba da shawara game da tsaro na Intanet da mutanen da suka ɓace Alicia Kozakiewicz - kanta wanda aka sace ta Intanet a shekara ta 2002 - ta nuna damuwa game da tasirin ADPPA akan kokarin tilasta bin doka don bincika da sauri da warware shari'ar sace yara. Kodayake ta goyi bayan mafi yawan tanadi a cikin lissafin, Kozakiewicz ta damu da cewa "Idan tsarin yanzu na Dokar Tsaro da Tsaro ta Amurka ya kasance a wurin lokacin da aka kama , yana iya zama kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga tilasta bin doka su sami kuma su gano mai kama ta da sauri kamar yadda ya yi, idan har yanzu.
Sauran takardun kudi masu alaƙa da sirri a lokacin ci gaban ADPPA sun haɗa da Dokar Kare Bayanai ta Elizabeth Warren, Dokar Bayanai ta Suzan DelBene da Dokar Kula da Bayanai ta Mutum, da Sara Jacobs ta Jikinta, Dokar Bayana. Ba tare da dokar tarayya ba, dokokin jihohi sun haɗa da Dokar Tsaro ta Abokin Ciniki ta California da Dokokin Kare Hakkin Tsaro, Dokar Tsaro na Bayanai ta Illinois, da Dokar Mai Sadarwa ta Vermont.[3]
Ba a kammala aiki a kan ADPPA ba kafin a dakatar da Majalisa ta 117 a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2023.[5]
Manazarta
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