Dokar Zinariya
| Dokar Zinariya | |
|---|---|
| Asali | |
| Lokacin bugawa | 1888 |
| Asalin suna | Lei Áurea |
| Characteristics | |
| Harshe | Portuguese language |
| Muhimmin darasi |
abolition of slavery (en)  |
Lei Áurea (ptptMagana ta Portuguese: [ˈlej ˈawɾiɐ]; Turanci: ), a hukumance Dokar No. 3,353 na 13 Mayu 1888, ita ce dokar da ta soke bautar a Brazil. ptIsabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (1846-1921), mai adawa da bautar, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai mulki ga Sarkin sarakuna Pedro II, wanda ke Turai, ta sanya hannu.
Dokar Rio Branco ta 28 ga Satumba 1871 ("Dokar Haihuwar 'Yanci"), wacce ta 'yantar da duk yaran da aka haifa ga iyayen bayi, da kuma Dokar Saraiva-Cotegipe (wanda aka fi sani da "Dokar Sexagenarians"), ta 28 ga watan Satumba 1885, wacce ta 'yanta bayi lokacin da suka kai shekaru 60. Brazil ita ce ƙasa ta ƙarshe a Yammacin duniya da ta kawar da bautar.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Baya ga ayyukan abolitionists, akwai dalilai da yawa na sanya hannu kan dokar: bautar ba ta da riba, kamar yadda albashin Baƙi na Turai, waɗanda yanayin aiki ba shi da kyau, ya fi ƙasa da kula da bayi, da raguwar isowar sabbin bayi.
Rubutun
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rubutun Lei Áurea ya kasance takaice:
Art. 1.º: É declarada extinta desde a data desta lei a escravidão no Brasil.
Art. 2.º: Revogam-se as disposições em contrário.
(Article 1: From the date of this law, slavery is declared extinct in Brazil.
Article 2: All dispositions to the contrary are revoked.)
Bincike
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi niyyar taƙaitaccen dokar don bayyana cewa babu wani yanayi na kowane irin don 'yantar da dukkan bayi. Koyaya, ba ta ba da wani tallafi ga ko dai bayi da aka 'yantar ko tsoffin masu su don daidaita rayuwarsu zuwa sabon matsayinsu ba: masu bautar ba su sami wani diyya na jihar ba, kuma bayi ba su sami kowane irin diyya daga masu ba ko taimako daga jihar ba.
Kafin kawar da bautar, an hana bayi mallakar dukiya ko samun ilimi; amma bayan an 'yantar da su, an bar tsoffin bayi su yi nasu hanya a duniya. Ba tare da ilimi ko wakilci na siyasa ba, tsoffin bayi sun yi gwagwarmaya don samun matsayi na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa a cikin al'ummar Brazil.
Rodrigo A. da Silva ne ya rubuta Lei Áurea, Ministan Noma a lokacin a cikin majalisar ministocin da Firayim Minista João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira ke jagoranta, kuma memba na Majalisar Wakilai. Bayan ya wuce gidaje biyu na Babban Taron, Isabel, Princess Imperial na Brazil (1846-1921), wanda ke mulki a lokacin, ya ba da izini, yayin da mahaifinta, sarki Pedro II, ke Turai.
Yarima ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Zinariya kuma Rodrigo A. da Silva ya sanya hannu, a matsayinsa na Ministan Noma. Gimbiya Isabel, wacce ta kasance mai goyon bayan yunkurin abolitionist, Paparoma Leo XIII ya ba ta Golden Rose kuma ministan Rodrigo A. da Silva ya sami girmamawa daga Vatican, Faransa da Portugal. A watan Agustan 1888 Rodrigo A. da Silva ya ci gaba da zabarsa don zama na rayuwa a Majalisar Dattijai ta Daular.
Lei Áurea yana da wasu sakamako ban da 'yanci ga dukkan bayi; ba tare da bayi ba kuma ba su da ma'aikata, masu gonar dole ne su dauki ma'aikata a wasu wurare kuma ta haka ne suka shirya, a cikin shekarun 1890, Sociedade Promotora de Imigração ("Society for the Promotion of Immigration"). Wani sakamako shi ne tashin hankali tsakanin masu mallakar bayi na Brazil da manyan ɗalibai, wanda ya haifar da rushewar mulkin mallaka da kafa jamhuriya a 1889 - ana ɗaukar Lei Áurea a matsayin mafi girman dalilin (amma ba kawai ba) na faduwar mulkin mallatteji a Brazil.
