Dokar aure-mai fyade

Dokar aure-mai fyade
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Ƙaramin ɓangare na	doka

Dokar aure-mai fyade, dokar aure-mai fyaɗe, ko Dokar fyade-auren fyade doka ce ta fyade a cikin ikon da mutumin da ya yi fyade, cin zarafin jima'i, fyade, satar mutane ko wasu irin wannan aikin ya wanke idan ya auri matar da aka azabtar, ko a wasu hukunce-hukunce aƙalla ya ba da damar auren ta. Dokar "auren-mai fyade" wata hanya ce ta doka ga wanda ake tuhuma don kauce wa gurfanar da shi ko hukunci.

Kodayake an kirkiro sharuɗɗan wannan sabon abu ne kawai a cikin shekarun 2010, aikin ya wanzu a cikin tsarin shari'a da yawa a tarihi, kuma yana ci gaba da wanzuwa a wasu al'ummomi a yau a cikin siffofi daban-daban. Irin waɗannan dokoki sun zama ruwan dare a duniya har zuwa shekarun 1970. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20, an ƙara kalubalanci sauran dokokin wannan nau'in kuma an soke su a kasashe da yawa. Dokokin da ke ba da izinin kotuna su ba da izini ga auren yara saboda ciki na yarinya lokacin da ta kasa shekarun yarda, yawanci tare da yardar iyaye, na iya zama hanya ga mai fyade na doka don kauce wa gurfanar da shi don fyade na shari'a.

Tarihi

Yawancin ƙasashe a duniya ba su da waɗannan dokoki, kuma, tun daga 2021, an yi imanin cewa 20 ne kawai ke da su.

Yawancin masu fafutuka da kungiyoyi sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan dokoki sun keta mutuncin mata kuma sun ƙasƙantar da su ta hanyar ba da damar sayar da su a matsayin dukiya tsakanin iyalai, yana nuna cewa fyade ba laifi ne mai tsanani ba, kuma yana zargin wanda aka azabtar ba mai aikata ba. Shugaban kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, ya ce a shekarar 2017 cewa "[ azabtar da] wanda aka yi wa fyade ta hanyar sanya ta ta auri mai aikata mummunar laifi a kanta - babu wani wuri a duniyar yau don irin waɗannan mugun dokoki".

Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda ke adawa da dokokin fyade-auren ba su yi tunanin cewa ya kamata a bar wadanda aka azabtar da su ji wannan hanyar bayan sun sha wahala, ko kuma suna jin bukatar rufe harin ta hanyar auren mai aikata laifin. Masu adawa da su suna da'awar cewa dokokin suna inganta rashin hukunci ga fyade, kuma suna ci gaba da azabtar da wadanda aka yi wa fyade. Don haka, darajar zamantakewa mata, kamar yadda masu goyon baya ke ba da girmamawa ta iyali, tsabtar mata da matsayin aure, suna rikici da ikirarin abokan adawar 'yancin mata ga farin ciki, 'yanci da ikon cin gashin kai. A cewar Purna Sen, darektan manufofi na Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an zartar da waɗannan dokoki don daidaita ayyukan jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba. Suna sa jima'i ya fi girmamawa a cikin al'umma saboda ana ɗaukarsa matsala a cikin al-adu kaɗan. Kasashen da ke da waɗannan dokoki sun fada ƙarƙashin rukunin ƙasashe marasa ci gaba da ƙasashe masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.

Matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa ciki har da PTSD, rikice-rikice na damuwa, ciwon rauni na fyade, da rikice-rikicen baƙin ciki sun zama ruwan dare a cikin wadanda aka yi wa fyade. Wani binciken da aka yi a Taiwan ya nuna cewa wadanda abin ya shafa sun ji tsoron yin magana game da harin da suka yi musu, sun ji laifi don kunyatar da iyalansu, sun sami kunya ta jima'i da kuma zargi da kansu, kuma sun sami ra'ayoyi marasa kyau game da kansu a matsayin mata.

Masu ba da shawara game da dokokin fyade-auren suna jayayya cewa suna kare wanda aka azabtar da iyalinta daga kunyar fyade. Wannan ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa idan aka yi wa yarinya ko mace fyade, laifinta ne kuma ta haka ne ta kawo iyalinta cikin rashin suna. A sakamakon haka, mata da yawa ba sa bayar da rahoton cin zarafin su na jima'i saboda suna tsoron wannan kunya, da kuma yiwuwar wani dangi ya kashe su. Idan mace kawai ta auri mai fyade, sai ta adana sunan iyalinta kuma ta guje wa rayuwar kunya ta jima'i. Wannan ra'ayi ya wanzu duk da shaidu da yawa da ke akwai cewa zargi wanda aka azabtar yana haifar da kunya, ba'a, da damuwa ta hankali.

Tarihi

Tsohon zamani

A al'ada, auren mai aikata laifin da wanda aka yi wa fyade bayan fyade ana ganin shi a matsayin "ƙuduri" mai dacewa na halin da ake ciki. Daga cikin al'adun gargajiya Budurwa tana da daraja sosai, kuma mace da aka yi wa fyade ba ta da damar yin aure. Wadannan dokoki sun tilasta wa mai fyade ya samar da wanda aka azabtar.

Dokar Hammurabi da Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya

An kirkiro Hammurabi" Dokar Hammurabi a kusa da 1750 KZ (tsakanin lokaci), wanda ake zaton sarki Hammurabi na Daular Babila ta farko ne. A cikin Hammurabi §156, mace ta yi alkawarin aure ga wani mutum, amma mahaifin mutumin ya yi jima'i da ita kafin su yi aure. Wannan labarin bai bayyana ko mace ta yarda ta yi jima'i da mahaifin saurayinta ba, kuma matar ta sami damar zabar wane namiji da ta auri, don haka ko wannan doka ce ta fyade ana kalubalantar ta: :

156. If a seignior chose a bride for his son and his son did not have intercourse with her, but he himself has lain in her bosom, he shall pay to her one-half mina of silver and he shall make good to her whatever she brought from her father's house in order that the man of her choice may marry her. (Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (1969), p. 172.)

Dokokin Assuriya ta Tsakiya (MAL) an haɓaka su tsakanin 1450 da 1250 KZ a Daular Assuriya ta Tsakiya .  : Dokar ta 55, MAL 55, ta tsara cewa idan wani mutum "ya kama da karfi kuma ya lalata" budurwa budurwa wacce ba ta yi aure ba ko kuma ta nemi ta yi aure kuma ta zauna a gidan mahaifinta, za a ba mahaifin budurwa damar 'ba da' matar mai aikata laifin a matsayin fansa kuma ya dauke ta a matsayin karin matar. Idan mai aikata laifin ba shi da matarsa, mahaifin zai iya auren 'yarsa ga mai aikata laicin don " (ƙarin) na uku a azurfa ... a matsayin darajar budurwa", ko kuma ga wani mutumin da mahaifin ya zaɓa don wannan farashi.