Jump to content

Dokar da ta dace

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

Dokar da ta dace ,Latin: (ius positum) Doka ce da Dan Adam ya kirkira domin ta banbance da kuma ta ware aiki . Dokar da ta dace tana yin bayani game da samuwar wasu kidi-digun dokoki na kowane dai-kun mutane ko taron jama'a.

Asali: anciro kalmar ne daga aikatau zuwa aitawa

Ma'anar doka mai kyau ta bambanta da dokar halitta, wanda ya ƙunshi haƙƙoƙin aa aka gada wanda aka ba da ba ta hanyar ƙir-ƙirarar doka amma ta hanyar "Allah, yanayi, ko dalili".[1]

Hakanan ana bayyana doka mai kyau a matsayin Dokar da ke aiki da ita wani lokaci (yanzu ko baya) kuma a wani wuri, wanda ya kunshi doka ta doka, da kuma shari'ar shari'a har zuwa yadda yake da ɗaurewa. Dalla-dalla, ana iya kwatanta doka mai kyau a matsayin "doka a zahiri kuma musamman wacce aka kafa ta ko kuma aka karɓa ta hanyar ikon da ya dace ga gwamnatin ƙungiyar al-umma"[2]

Lex humana tare da lex posita

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Thomas Aquinas ya kira dokar mutum da;(ed-contents="true" id="mwIg" title="A rubutun Latin-" ">lex humana) doka mai kyau (lex posita ko ius positivum). [3][4][5] Kodayake akwai bambanci mai zurfi tsakanin su. Ganin cewa Dokar da mutum ta yi la'akari da doka daga matsayin asalinsa (watau wanene ya sanya shi), doka mai kyau ta la'akari le doka daga matsayin halatta. Dokar tabbatacciya doka ce ta nufin duk wanda ya yi ta, kuma ta haka ne za a iya samun doka mai kyau ta Allah kamar yadda akwai doka mai kyau da mutum ya yi. Ka'idar Shari'a mai kyau ta samo asali ne daga ikon da suka kafa ta. Irin wannan doka ta zama dole saboda an yi ta ne ko kuma jihar ta kafa ta don kare haƙƙin mutane, waɗanda ake mulki, don warware rikice-rikicen farar hula kuma a ƙarshe don kiyaye tsari da aminci a cikin al'umma. Fiye da fassarar zahiri, an sanya lex posita maimakon doka mai kyau.[3] A cikin Summa contra Gentiles Thomas da kansa ya rubuta game da ka'idar Allah mai kyau inda ya ce "Si autem lex sit divinitus posita, auctoritate divina dispensatio fieri potest (idan an ba da doka ta hanyar Allah, ikon Allah zai iya ba da izini) " [6] da kuma "Lex autem a Deo posita est (Amma Allah ne ya kafa Dokar) ". Martin Luther ya kuma amince da ra'ayin ka'idar Allah mai kyau, kamar yadda Juan de Torquemada ya yi.[7]

  1. Kelsen 2007.
  2. Black 1979.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Flannery 2001.
  4. Voegelin 1997.
  5. Murphy 2005.
  6. "SCG (Hanover House edn 1955–57) bk 3, ch 125.10". Archived from the original on 2017-12-11. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
  7. Heckel, Heckel & Krodel 2010.