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Dokar haƙƙin mallaka (Ghana)

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Dokar haƙƙin mallaka (Ghana)
Doka
Bayanai
Applies to jurisdiction (en) Fassara Ghana
Muhimmin darasi Haƙƙin mallaka

Dokar haƙƙin mallaka [1] ita ce tsarin doka a Ghana wanda ke kare amfani da aikin mutum da zarar an bayyana ra'ayin a zahiri. [2] wani nau'i ne na mallakar fasaha wanda ke ba da kariya ga ainihin ayyukan marubuta na adabi, ban mamaki, kida da fasaha kamar su waƙoƙi, litattafai, fina-finai, waƙoƙi, software na kwamfuta da gine-gine . Haƙƙin mallaka ba ya kare gaskiya, ra'ayoyi, tsari ko hanyoyin aiki, kodayake yana iya kare hanyar bayyana waɗannan abubuwan. [3] Dokar haƙƙin mallaka na Ghana na yanzu ita ce Dokar 690 da Majalisar ta Jamhuriyar Ghana ta fitar. An kafa ta ne a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2005 kuma ta maye gurbin dokar majalisa mai lamba 110, dokar da ta gabata ta kasar daga 1985. Dokokin haƙƙin mallaka na ba da kariya ga ayyuka daban-daban, tana ba masu haƙƙin mallaka haƙƙin aikinsu kuma ta bayyana tsawon lokacin kare haƙƙin mallaka. [4]

Tarihin kariya ta haƙƙin mallaka ya fara ne a cikin 1911 tare da Dokar haƙƙin mallattecin Burtaniya ta 1911 wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin ka'idojin da ke da amfani ga mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Batutuwan haƙƙin mallaka sun kasance alhakin Ma'aikatar da ke da alhakin bayanai. Hakkin Ministoci na Harkokin Hakkin mallaka ya canza zuwa Hukumar Al'adu ta Kasa lokacin da Hukumar Al'adun Al'adu, 1990 ta sanya Ofishin Hakkin mallatte da Hakki a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Al'ada ta Kasa. A shekara ta 2005, alhakin ma'aikatar haƙƙin mallaka da batutuwan da suka shafi ya koma Ma'aikatun Shari'a.[5]

Dokar haƙƙin mallaka ta kasu kashi 8 tare da tanadi 78:

Gudanarwa Sashe
Hakkin mallaka 1-11
Tsawon lokaci 12-18
Amfani da haƙƙin mallaka 19-23
Kwafin Rubuce-rubucen Sauti, 'Yancin Rubuce' Yanayi na Mawallafa 24
Shirye-shiryen tilasta 25-27
Kare masu wasan kwaikwayo da kungiyoyin watsa shirye-shirye 28-37
Shirye-shiryen Gaba ɗaya 38-64
Gudanarwa, Ofishin Hakkin mallaka da Matakai Sauran 65-78

Hakkin mallaka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sashe na farko na Dokar haƙƙin mallaka yana hulɗa da ayyukan marubutan da suka cancanci bayar da kariya ta haƙƙin mallattecin kamar aikin wallafe-wallafen, aikin fasaha, da sauransu kamar yadda aka bayyana a 'Sashe na 2' na Dokar da Folklore kamar yadda aka tanada a Sashe ta 4 da waɗancan ayyukan da ba za a ba su kariya ta mallaka ba wato ra'ayoyi, ra'ayoyin, hanyoyin, hanyoyin ko wasu abubuwa irin wannan yanayin kamar yadda suke a Sashe ya dace da haƙƙin da haƙƙin mallaki masu samarwa. Dangane da Sashe na 3 na Dokar haƙƙin mallaka a cikin aiki za a ba da shi ga Shugaban kasa don kuma a madadinsa da kuma amincewa ga mutanen Ghana ko ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa muddin aikin da ake tambaya an yi shi a ƙarƙashin ikon Shugaban ƙasa a madadin kuma a amincewa da mutanen Jamhuriyar ko ƙayyadadden ƙungiyar ƙasa da kasa.

Dokar ta amince da manyan nau'ikan haƙƙoƙin marubuta guda biyu a cikin Sashe na 5 da 6 a matsayin haƙƙin Tattalin Arziki da haƙƙin ɗabi'a na marubuta bi da bi. Za'a iya raba haƙƙin tattalin arziki zuwa haƙƙin haifuwa, haƙƙin canji. , aikin jama'a, watsa shirye-shirye da sadarwa na aikin ga haƙƙin jama'a، haƙƙin rarrabawa, da haƙƙin haya na kasuwanci yayin da haƙƙin ɗabi'a na marubucin shine ainihin haƙƙin da za a ambaci shi a matsayin marubucin aikin da haƙƙin neman taimako inda aka yi amfani da aikin marubucin ba tare da izininsa ba. A wasu lokuta ana iya ba da haƙƙin tattalin arziki ga ma'aikaci ko mutumin da ke ba da umarnin aikin da aka yi a yayin aikin marubucin ko kwamiti ta Sashe na 7 na Dokar. Sashe na 8 na Dokar ya amince da wasu ayyukan da haƙƙin ɗabi'a da haƙƙin tattalin arziki ba za su ba wa kowane mutum ba kuma cewa waɗannan ayyukan ana riƙe su cikin amincewa ga jama'a sai dai waɗanda kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu suka rubuta. Hakanan za'a iya canja wurin haƙƙin mallaka ko dai gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare ta hanyar aiki, tsarin wasiyya ko aiki na doka kamar yadda aka gano a Sashe na 9 na Dokar. Ba za a iya canja wurin haƙƙin ɗabi'a na marubucin ba. Sashe na 10 da 11 na Dokar kuma sun ba da wajibai cewa masu samar da rikodin sauti ko abubuwan gani na sauti suna da abin da kariya ta haƙƙin mallaka ba ta dogara da kuma lura da kariya ga haƙƙin masu samarwa bi da bi.

Tsawon haƙƙin mallaka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hakkin haƙƙin mallaka ba ya wanzuwa har abada. Akwai tsawon haƙƙin mallaka ga kowane aikin da ke da haƙƙin mallatte, bayan haka jama'a suna da 'yanci su yi amfani da shi ta kowace hanya da ta faranta rai. Dokar ta ba da tsawon lokacin ayyukan da aka kare a ƙarƙashin haƙƙin mallaka. Wannan bangare na Dokar haƙƙin mallaka ya rufe, mutane, ƙungiyoyi kamfanoni, ayyukan da ba a san su ba aikin gani na sauti, rikodin sauti maganganun al'adun gargajiya [3] da haƙƙin ɗabi'a. Hakkin ɗabi'a na marubuta a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 6 na Dokar ya wanzu har abada yayin da sauran da aka ambata a sama an iyakance su ga wani lokaci.

  1. "Archived copy". www.aripo.org. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2022.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. "BBC - What is Copyright? - Copyright". www.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  3. "What Does Copyright Protect? (FAQ) | U.S. Copyright Office". www.copyright.gov.
  4. "COPYRIGHTS LAWS AND RULES IN GHANA | Laws". www.ghanatrade.gov.gh. Archived from the original on 29 August 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  5. "Ghana Copyright Office". www.copyright.gov.gh. Archived from the original on 2025-08-15. Retrieved 2025-09-30.