Dokokin bayi masu gudu a Amurka
 Dokokin bayi masu gudu a Amurka |
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Dokokin bayi masu gudu sune dokokin da Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta zartar a cikin 1793 da 1850 don samar da dawowar bayi da suka tsere daga wata jiha zuwa wata jiha ko yanki. Tunanin dokar bautar da ta tsere ya samo asali ne daga Ma'anar Bautar da ta Tsere wanda ke cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka (Mataki na IV, Sashe na 2, sakin layi na 3). An yi tunanin cewa tilasta jihohi su mayar da bayi masu gudu ga iyayensu sun keta haƙƙin jihohi saboda ikon mallakar jihar, kuma kada a bar kwace dukiyar jihar ga jihohi. The Fugitive Slave Clause ya bayyana cewa bayi masu gudu "za a kawo su a kan da'awar Jam'iyyar da irin wannan Sabis ko Kwadago na iya zama dole", wanda ya rage haƙƙin jihar saboda kama bayi masu gudu wani nau'i ne na dawo da dukiya mai zaman kanta.[1] Yarjejeniyar 1850 ta haifar da jerin dokoki da suka ba da izinin bautar a cikin sabbin yankuna kuma suka tilasta jami'ai a cikin jihohin da suka 'yanci su ba da sauraro ga masu bautar ba tare da juri ba.[2]
Lokacin mulkin mallaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]New England Articles of Confederation na 1643 ya ƙunshi wani sashi wanda ya samar da dawowar bayi masu gudu. Koyaya, wannan kawai yana nufin haɗin gwiwar yankuna na Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, da New Haven, kuma ba shi da alaƙa da Dokokin Tarayyar Amurka da aka kafa bayan Sanarwar Independence. Akwai bayi na Afirka da 'yan asalin Amurka a New England tun daga ƙarni na 18.[3] Dokokin New England Confederation sun tanadi dawo da bayi a Sashe na
Yayin da mazauna suka fadada tare da raƙuman ruwa na mazauna da ke turawa zuwa yamma, bautar ta ci gaba a yankunan Ingila da kuma tsoffin yankunan Dutch kamar New Amsterdam, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin dokoki na irin wannan yanayin.Kokarin da aka yi na tsara manufofin tufafi don kama bayi da suka tsere ya fara ne a karkashin Dokokin Tarayyar Amurka a cikin shekara ta 1785.[4]
Yunkurin 1785
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai yunkurin sau biyu na aiwatar da dokar bautar gudu a cikin Majalisa ta Tarayyar.
Kwamitin Majalisa wanda Thomas Jefferson ke jagoranta ne ya tsara Dokar ta 1784, kuma tanadinta ya shafi duk yankin Amurka a yammacin jihohin 13 na asali. An karanta asalin ga Majalisa a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1784, kuma ya ƙunshi wani sashi da ke cewa: