Douglas Hyde
Douglas Ross Hyde Irish_Academy" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Member of the Royal Irish Academy">MRIA (Irish: Dubhghlas de hÍde; 17 Janairu 1860 - 12 Yuli 1949), wanda aka fi sani da An Craoibhín Aoibhinn (lit. transl. ), masanin ilimin Irish ne, masanin harshe, masanin harshen Irish, ɗan siyasa, kuma diflomasiyya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban farko na Ireland daga Yuni 1938 zuwa Yuni 1945. Ya kasance jagora a cikin Farfadowar Gaelic, kuma shugaban farko na Gaelic League, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin al'adu masu tasiri a Ireland a lokacin.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Hyde a Longford House a Castlerea, County Roscommon, [1] yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Elizabeth Hyde (née Oldfield; 1834-1886), ke kan ɗan gajeren ziyara. Mahaifinsa, Arthur Hyde, wanda danginsa sun fito ne daga Castlehyde kusa da Fermoy, County Cork, shi ne shugaban Ikilisiyar Ireland na Kilmactranny, County Sligo, daga 1852 zuwa 1867, kuma a nan ne Hyde ya fara shekarunsa.[2] Arthur Hyde da Elizabeth Oldfield sun yi aure a County Roscommon, a 1852, kuma suna da wasu yara uku: Arthur Hyde (1853-79 a County Leitrim), John Oldfield Hyde (1 854-96 a County Dublin), da Hugh Hyde (1 1856).
A shekara ta 1867, an nada mahaifinsa a matsayin prebendary da rector na Tibohine, kuma iyalin suka koma makwabcin Frenchpark, a County Roscommon . Mahaifinsa da kawunsa ne suka yi masa karatu a gida saboda rashin lafiya tun yana yaro.[3] Yayinda yake saurayi, ya zama mai sha'awar jin tsofaffi a yankin suna magana da Harshen Irish. Mai kula da wasan Séamus Hart da matar abokinsa, Mrs. Connolly sun rinjaye shi musamman. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, Hyde ya lalace lokacin da Hart ya mutu, kuma sha'awarsa ga harshen Irish - yaren farko da ya fara karatu a kowane daki-daki, kamar yadda aikinsa - ya nuna na ɗan lokaci. Koyaya, ya ziyarci Dublin sau da yawa kuma ya fahimci cewa akwai ƙungiyoyin mutane, kamar shi, masu sha'awar Irish, yaren da mutane da yawa suka raina a lokacin kuma ana ganin shi a matsayin baya da tsoho.
Conradh na Gaeilge / Gaelic League
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hyde ya shiga Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language a kusa da 1880, kuma tsakanin 1879 da 1884, ya buga fiye da ɗari na ayoyin Irish a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami An Craoibhín Aoibhinn (lit. transl. ). [4]
Da farko an yi musu ba'a, ƙungiyar yaren Irish ta sami mabiya da yawa. Hyde ya taimaka wajen kafa Jaridar Gaelic a shekara ta 1892; a watan Nuwamba, ya rubuta wata takarda da ake kira The necessity for de-anglicising the Irish nation, [4] yana jayayya cewa Ireland ya kamata ta bi al'adun ta a cikin harshe, adabi, da tufafi. [5]
A shekara ta 1893, ya taimaka wajen gano Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League) don ƙarfafa adana al'adun Irish, kiɗa, rawa da harshe. Sabuwar tsara ta 'yan Jamhuriyar Irish (ciki har da Pádraig Pearse, Éamon de Valera, Michael Collins da Ernest Blythe), sun zama siyasa ta hanyar shiga cikin Conradh na Gaeilge . Hyde ya cika fom ɗin ƙidayar 1911 a cikin Irish.[6]
Ba tare da jin daɗi game da karuwar siyasa na motsi ba, Hyde ya yi murabus daga shugabancin a 1915. Wanda ya kafa kungiyar Eoin MacNeill ne ya gaje shi.[7]
Sanata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hyde ba shi da wata alaƙa da Sinn Féin da ƙungiyar 'yancin kai. An zabe shi a Seanad Éireann, babban gidan Oireachtas (majalisa) na Irish Free State, a zaben da aka yi a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 1925, ya maye gurbin Sir Hutcheson Poë . [8]
A cikin Zaben Seanad na 1925, Hyde ya sanya 28th daga cikin 'yan takara 78, tare da kujeru 19 da ke akwai. Ƙungiyar Gaskiya ta Katolika ta yi tsayayya da shi saboda Furotesta kuma ta yada goyon bayansa ga saki. Masana tarihi sun ba da shawarar cewa yakin neman zabe na CTS bai yi tasiri ba, kuma masu ba da shawara na harshen Irish sun yi mummunar aiki, tare da duk waɗanda Gaelic League ta amince da su sun rasa.[9]
Ya koma ilimi a matsayin Farfesa na Irish a Kwalejin Jami'ar Dublin, inda daya daga cikin ɗalibansa ya kasance Babban Lauyan Ireland na gaba, Babban Alkalin Ireland da Shugaban Ireland, Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Longford House, Longford, Castlerea, Roscommon". buildingsofireland.ie (in Turanci). National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ↑ Maume, Patrick. "Hyde, Douglas (de hÍde, Dubhghlas)". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ↑ "Multitext Project in Irish History – Douglas Hyde". Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- 1 2 Ó Corráin, Donnchadh. "Douglas Hyde". University College Cork, Multitext Project in Irish History. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2010. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "OCor" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Hyde, Douglas. "The necessity for de-anglicizing the Irish nation". gaeilge.org. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ↑ "Census of Ireland 1911 - de hÍde". National Archives of Ireland. Archived from the original on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2007.
- ↑ Ryan, John (December 1945). "Eoin Mac Neill 1867–1945". Irish Province of the Society of Jesus. 34 (136): 433–448. JSTOR 30100064., pp. 439–40
- ↑ "Douglas Hyde". Oireachtas Members Database. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
- ↑ Coakley, John (September 2005). "Ireland's Unique Electoral Experiment: The Senate Election of 1925". Irish Political Studies. 20 (3): 231–269. doi:10.1080/07907180500359327. S2CID 145175747.