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Dubul' ibhunu

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Dubul' ibhunu
Asali
Shekarar ƙirƙira 1980s
Asalin suna Dubul' ibhunu
Ƙasar asali Afirka ta kudu
Characteristics

"Dubul' ibhunu" (xhxh []), wanda aka fassara a matsayin harba Boer, [1] kashe Boer [2] ko kashe manomi, [3] waƙar adawa da wariyar launin fata ce ta Afirka ta Kudu.[4] xhAna rera shi a cikin Xhosa ko Zulu. Waƙar ta samo asali ne daga gwagwarmayar da ake yi da wariyar launin fata lokacin da aka fara rera ta don nuna rashin amincewa da gwamnatin wariyar launin fatara ta Afirka ta Kudu.[5] Ya sami sabon matsayi bayan 2010 biyo bayan amfani da shi a taron siyasa da African National Congress (ANC) da Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) suka gudanar. [5]

Kotunan Afirka ta Kudu sun yanke hukuncin cewa wani nau'i ne na maganganun ƙiyayya a cikin 2010, hukuncin da daga baya aka soke shi a cikin 2022.[3] Magoya bayan waƙar suna ganin shi a matsayin waƙar da ke bayyana wani muhimmin bangare na tarihin Afirka ta Kudu, wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na maganganun siyasa, kuma an yi kuskuren ma'anarsa a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kashe Boers ko manoma.[6][7][8][9] Masu adawa da waƙar suna jayayya cewa ana iya ganinsa yana ɗauke da fassarar zahiri sabili da haka yana haifar da tashin hankali da magana ta ƙiyayya.[5][10][11][12][13] Masu sharhi kan zamantakewa da siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu, kamar Jonathan Jansen da Stephen Grootes, sun lura da ikon waƙar don kara rarrabuwar launin fata a cikin Afirka ta Kudu da kuma rikice-rikice, yayin da suke ƙarfafa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a kowane bangare na siyasar kasar. [14][15][16][17][18][19][17]

Fassara

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Boers, wani rukuni na Afrikaners, su ne zuriyar Free Burghers masu magana da Yaren mutanen Holland na iyakar gabashin Cape a kudancin Afirka waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa sauran abin da zai zama Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin Babban Trek. Kalmar Boer kuma tana nufin 'manomi' a cikin harshen Afrikaans [13] kuma, dangane da mahallin, sau da yawa kalma ce mai banƙyama ga Afrikaner lokacin da wadanda ba 'yan Afirka ba suka yi amfani da su. [20][21]

Dangane da fassarar, waƙar na iya komawa ga tsarin hukumomi kamar Jam'iyyar Kasa (NP), ko kuma takamaiman kungiyoyin mutane kamar mambobin 'Yan sanda na Afirka ta Kudu (wanda aka fi sani da Boers), sojojin Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin wariyar launin fata, [6] [22] [23]: 14 ko ga takamaiman kabilanci ko launin fata gabaɗaya.[11][23]: 233 

Sa'an nan kuma Sakatare Janar na African National Congress (ANC) Gwede Mantashe ya bayyana cewa fassarar dubul' ibhunu a matsayin 'kashe Boer, kashe Manomi' suna fahimtar wani "mai sauka" waƙar da "ta haifar da rikici" kuma cewa ya kamata a fassara waƙar a cikin mahallin gwagwarmayar da ake yi da wariyar launin fata kamar yadda yake magana akan tsarin.[es][5][24]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Waƙar ta samo asali ne a duk faɗin siyasar adawa da wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma ANC da Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) sun yi amfani da ita. Ya riga ya fara rawa na zanga-zangar toyi-toyi.[1](p333)

Ɗaya daga cikin bayanan farko da aka rubuta na "Dubul' ibhunu" ya kasance a lokacin Delmas Treason Trial a shekarar 1985. An gabatar da waƙar a matsayin shaida a lokacin shari'ar inda mai gabatar da kara ya yi ƙoƙari ya haɗa waɗanda ake tuhuma da waƙar kuma ta haka ne ya tabbatar da mummunan niyya. Mai kare ya sami damar karyata ma'anar cewa wanda ake tuhuma ya yi aiki tare da mens rea lokacin da aka tabbatar da cewa ba su kasance ba yayin waƙarsa.[1](p284–287).

A lokacin sauraron Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu, Ntuthuko Chuene ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kashe Godfrey Frederick Lanz Heuer a gonarsa a watan Agustan 1992 saboda "kashe Boer, kashe manomi" ya rinjaye shi a taron ANC. [25][26] An yanke Chuene hukunci saboda kisan Heuer kuma ya nemi gafara ga abin da ya yi jayayya cewa kisan siyasa ne. Matar Heuer ta ki ba ta izinin ba da afuwa ga Chuene, tana jayayya cewa aikin Chuene laifi ne don motsawa maimakon siyasa.[25]

Mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata kuma ɗan siyasa Peter Mokaba ya raira waƙar a wani taron tunawa da 1993 ga shugaban adawa da launin fata Chris Hani wanda aka kashe kwanan nan. Lokacin da aka yi a zaben dimokuradiyya na farko a Afirka ta gudu a shekarar 1994 da kuma canja wurin iko daga gwamnatin fararen fata ya kasance sanannen lokaci na rashin kwanciyar hankali ga Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka nuna da tsoron yiwuwar yaduwar tashin hankali na launin fata.[5] An ji tsoron cewa kisan Chris Hani na iya haifar da irin wannan tashin hankali da rikice-rikicen siyasa.[5] Wannan ya yi daidai da Operation Great Storm, wani tashin hankali na soja wanda Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) ya kaddamar, reshen makamai na PAC, da nufin kawar da fararen manoma don dawo da ƙasa ga baƙar fata na Afirka.[27][28]   [failed verification][29]

A jana'izar Mokaba a shekara ta 2002 taron jama'a sun raira waƙar yayin da shugabannin ANC suka halarta.[5]

A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2025, a lokacin taron manema labarai a Ofishin Oval, Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya buga bidiyon da ke nuna Julius Malema, shugaban 'yancin 'yancin tattalin arziki, yana rera "Kill the Boer, kill the manomi" da kuma "Shoot the manomi - brrr pow!" a wani taron siyasa. Trump, wanda ke zaune kusa da Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Cyril Ramaphosa, ya gabatar da hoton a matsayin shaida don tallafawa da'awar "kisan kare dangi" da ke faruwa a Afirka ta Kudu.[30] Shugaba Ramaphosa ya karyata zarge-zargen, yana mai bayyana cewa irin waɗannan waƙoƙin ba su nuna manufofin gwamnati ba kuma tashin hankali a Afirka ta Kudu yana shafar dukkan al'ummomi. Ya sake tabbatar da jajircewar gwamnatinsa ga tsaron jama'a da rashin wariyar launin fata.

Rikici

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Waƙar tana da rikice-rikice a bayan wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta sami farfadowa, [31] wanda ya fi shahara da jagoran kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress (ANCLY) na lokacin, daga baya shugaban EFF, Julius Malema [32] sannan kuma Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Jacob Zuma.[33] Waƙar, tare da taken "Mutum ɗaya, harsashi ɗaya", galibi ana danganta shi da abin da ya faru na Hare-haren gona a Afirka ta Kudu.[23]: 14 An kwatanta martani na jama'a ga waƙar da martani na Jama'a ga wakar harshen Zulu mai adawa da Indiya AmaNdiya . [34]

Malema ya fara raira waƙar ne yayin jawabin da yake ba da shi, a matsayinsa na Shugaban ANCLY, a Jami'ar Johannesburg a cikin 2010; inda ya raira waƙa a cikin mahallin jinkirin ƙuduri na Afirka ta Kudu bayan 1994 game da matsalar rashin daidaito na mallakar ƙasa tare da layin launin fata.[5] Makonni huɗu bayan Malema ta 2010 ta raira waƙar an kashe shugaban Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (wani bangare na dama na Afrikaner nationalist), Eugène Terre'Blanche, a gonarsa. Bayan wadannan abubuwan da suka faru kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afrikaner AfriForum ta bude shari'a a kan Malema tana zargin cewa amfani da waƙar ya haifar da tashin hankali na launin fata da maganganun ƙiyayya.[35]: 333 

A taron cika shekaru 10 na EFF a 2023, Malema (yanzu a matsayin shugaban EFF) ya sake raira waƙar ga magoya bayan 90,000 [36] a Filin wasa na FNB. [37] Lamarin ya sami tallace-tallace na kasa da kasa tare da Elon Musk yana sukar Malema a kan Twitter don raira waƙar, yana zarginsa da "tabbatar da kisan kare dangi na fararen fata a Afirka ta Kudu". [37] [38] Malema daga baya ya amsa a kan Twitter yana mai cewa "O bolela masepa" ("Kana magana da shit"). [38] Bayan taron EFF na 2023 Afriforum ya bayyana cewa waƙar, bisa ga shaidar Amanda Platt, masu aikata laifin ne suka rera ta yayin wani mummunan hari a gonar da aka kai wa Tim da Amanda Platt a KwaZulu-Natal; inda suka ambaci lamarin a matsayin shaida game da niyyar waƙar ta zahiri da tashin hankali. [39]

Jam'iyyar siyasa ta adawa ta Afirka ta Kudu, Democratic Alliance, ta bayyana cewa za ta shigar da korafi tare da Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [37] yayin da Freedom Front Plus ta bude shari'ar tsoratarwa. [40] Malema daga baya ya musanta zargin, yana mai ambaton hukuncin da Alkalin Molahlehi ya yanke a 2022 cewa za a fassara waƙar a cikin mahallin siyasa don haka ba za a ɗauka a zahiri ba.[37][40][41] Malema ya kuma bayyana cewa shi da EFF za su ci gaba da raira waƙar.[42]

Kungiyar Anti-Defamation League ta ba da sanarwa da ke nuna cewa duk da asalinsa, ana iya fassara kalmomin da ba su dace ba a matsayin kira ga tashin hankali kuma ana roƙon su guji kiran maganganun da suka haɗa da barazanar tashin hankali.[43]

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025 Elon Musk ya sanya bidiyon ga X na Julius Malema yana raira "Dubul' ibhunu" tare da rubutun da ke nuna fushinsa ga "babban jam'iyyar siyasa ... wanda ke inganta kisan kare dangi".  Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya sake gabatar da sharhin Musk game da nasa Gaskiyar Jama'a tare da nasa la'akari da waƙar da kuma buƙatar cewa gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu "ta kare Afrikaner da sauran 'yan tsiraru marasa kyau" tare da gayyatar Afrikaners su yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka.[44] A wani lokaci a ranar 14 ga Mayu 2025, X's chatbot Grok ba zato ba tsammani ya fara ambaton "Kill the Boer" da fararen kisan kare dangi don mayar da martani ga batutuwan da ba su da alaƙa, masu rikitarwa. An gyara batun daga baya a wannan rana.

Shawarwarin Shari'a

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Waƙar ta kasance batun shari'o'in kotu da yawa da ke neman tantance ko waƙar wani nau'i ne na maganganun ƙiyayya, wanda Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu ba ya kare shi don haka laifi ne a bayyana shi, ko kuma idan wani nau'in 'yancin magana ne wanda kundin tsarin mulki ke karewa.

Hukuncin Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na 2003

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan korafi daga Freedom Front Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAHRC) ta yanke hukuncin cewa waƙar ta zama maganganun ƙiyayya a cikin mahallin bayan wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu da ke neman sulhu.[45]

Hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Arewacin Gauteng na 2010

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2010 Babban Kotun Arewacin Gauteng [46] ta hana kuma ta hana Julius Malema yin faɗar kalmomin waƙar a fili har sai Kotun Daidaitawa ta yanke hukunci inda aka riga an shigar da korafi game da waƙar.[46]

Hukuncin Kotun Daidaitawa na 2011

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Satumbar 2011, Kotun Daidaitawa a Babban Kotun Gauteng ta Kudu ta yanke hukuncin cewa waƙar tana nuna bambanci, mai cutarwa, ta lalata mutuncin Afrikaners, kuma ta haka ne ya zama maganganun ƙiyayya; [32] kuma cewa "firma facie ya gamsar da laifin tayar da kisan kai". [47] Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa an hana Julius Malema, wanda aka kawo gaban kotun saboda ya raira waƙar a taron, ya rera shi a nan gaba.[32] Bayan hukuncin Malema ya canza kalmomin waƙar zuwa "Kiss the Boer" kuma ya raira waƙa a maimakon haka - duk da haka, ana iya jayayya cewa har yanzu yana da tasirin tunani iri ɗaya kamar na asali, saboda sanannen mahallin da aka canza kalmomin. A shekara mai zuwa, ANC ta bayyana cewa ba za su sake raira waƙar ba.[48]

Hukuncin Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na 2019

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

SAHRC ta wanke Malema a kan asusun biyar na maganganun ƙiyayya ga White da Indiyawan Afirka ta Kudu, ɗaya daga cikin tuhumar shine don raira waƙar "Kiss the boer" na "Dubul' ibhunu".[49] SAHRC ta gano cewa kodayake maganganun Malema "har yanzu suna da matsala a gare mu a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya da ke da alhakin warkar da rarrabuwa" [49] zargin da aka kawo masa ƙoƙari ne na murkushe "rashin amincewa da muhawara". A watan Yulin 2023 Babban Kotun Johannesburg ta ware binciken SAHRC na 2019, ta yanke hukuncin cewa SAHRC ta yi aiki a waje da umarnin ta a cikin binciken da ta yi game da maganganun ƙiyayya.[50]

Hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Johannesburg na 2022

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Malema, yanzu shugaban EFF, ya sake bayyana a kotu a 2022 saboda zargin raira waƙar a cikin wata shari'ar da Afriforum ta kawo inda aka yi muhawara game da ko waƙar magana ce ta ƙiyayya.[51] Babban Kotun Johannesburg ta yanke hukuncin cewa ba a yi niyyar ɗaukar waƙar da waƙar da muhimmanci ba; cewa Afriforum ya kasa kafa alaƙar da ke tsakanin waƙar da tashin hankali; cewa ambaton Boer a zahiri bai koma ga mutanen White ko Afrikaans ba; cewa waƙar ba ta haifar da ƙiyayya ga mutanen White gaba ɗaya ba; kuma ta yanke hukuncin waƙar ba magana ce ta ƙiyayya ba.[52][53] Afriforum ya daukaka kara game da yanke shawara kuma a cikin 2024 Kotun Koli ta Daukaka Kara ta tabbatar da hukuncin Kotun Koci cewa waƙar, kamar yadda aka rera a lokacin Abubuwan da suka faru na Senekal, ba magana ce ta ƙiyayya ba.[54][55]

Rubutacciyar waƙa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Samfuri:Verse translation

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Gray, Louise (10 September 2010). "Can Music Kill?". Index on Censorship. 39 (3): 112–120. doi:10.1177/0306422010379686.
  2. ↑ Thompson, Mabunda M.; Ramhurry, Cindy (7 March 2014). "A uniting song that divides: A critical analysis of (Kill the Boer)". Muziki. 11 (1): 32–42. doi:10.1080/18125980.2014.893091. S2CID 145002213.
  3. 1 2 Broughton, Tania (2022-08-25). "Judge rules that "Kill the boer - Kill the farmer" is not hate speech". GroundUp News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-03-20.
  4. ↑ Croucamp, Piet (11 August 2023). "It's not whites who should fear Malema's rhetoric". Vrye Weekblad (in Afrikaans). Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brkic, Branko (29 March 2010). "'Kill the Boer': a brief history". Daily Maverick (in Turanci). Retrieved 16 March 2019. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Brkic-2010" defined multiple times with different content
  6. 1 2 Quintal, Genevieve (19 May 2011). "'Shoot the boer': Lost in translation?". The M&G Online (in Turanci). Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  7. ↑ Msila, Vuyisile (20 September 2011). "Mini and the song: The place of protest song in history" (PDF). www.sahistory.org.za. UNISA. p. 13. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  8. ↑ Gunner, Liz (2015). "Song, identity and the state: Julius Malema's "Dubul' ibhunu" song as catalyst". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 27 (3): 326–341. doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1035701. ISSN 1369-6815. JSTOR 24758684. S2CID 142721849.
  9. ↑ "Malema, Economic Freedom Fighters singing 'Kill the Boer' ruled not hate speech". The Mail & Guardian (in Turanci). 25 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  10. ↑ SAPA (11 March 2010). "ANC OK with Malema singing "shoot the boer"". PoliticsWeb. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  11. 1 2 Mutasa, Haru (13 September 2011). "'Shoot the Boer' freedom song banned". Al Jazeera (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  12. ↑ "Uproar as judge bars Shoot the Boer song". legalbrief.co.za. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  13. 1 2 Gray, Louise (September 2010). "Can Music Kill?". Index on Censorship (in Turanci). 39 (3): 113. doi:10.1177/0306422010379686. ISSN 0306-4220. S2CID 145339333.
  14. ↑ Jansen, Jonathan (2 August 2023). "There are reasons to worry about 'Kill the Boer', but genocide is not one of them". TimesLIVE (in Turanci). Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  15. ↑ Jansen, Jonathan (3 August 2023). "'Kill the Boer' segregates citizens in a time of social and economic distress". HeraldLIVE (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  16. ↑ Grootes, Stephen (2022-02-20). "Song will tear us apart, again — just the way Malema and AfriForum want". Daily Maverick (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  17. 1 2 Grootes, Stephen (2025-03-31). "'Kill the Boer' — A song sung by so few that divides so many". Daily Maverick (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-04-01.
  18. ↑ "Post-Dubula maturity is required". City Press (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  19. ↑ Bailie, Craig (2023-08-10). "EFF singing Kill the boer: Every S African should be concerned". Daily Maverick (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  20. ↑ "Boer - definition of Boer in A Dictionary of South African English - DSAE". dsae.co.za. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
  21. ↑ Robinson, Rensia (6 August 2002). "Conflict, representation, interpretation - truth lied" (PDF). Poetics and Linguistics Association. 23 (1): 604.
  22. ↑ Pretorius, Joelien (2014). ""Dubula ibhunu" (shoot the boer): A psycho-political analysis of farm attacks in South Africa" (PDF). Psychology in Society. 47: 21–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  23. 1 2 3 "SAPS Report of a special committee of inquiry into farm attacks" (PDF). Africa Check. South African Police Service. 31 July 2003. pp. 14, 233, 445. Retrieved 20 September 2023. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Africa Check-2003" defined multiple times with different content
  24. ↑ Pretorius, Joelien (2014). ""Dubula ibhunu" (shoot the boer): A psycho-political analysis of farm attacks in South Africa" (PDF). Psychology in Society. 47: 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023 – via University of the Western Cape.
  25. 1 2 "'Kill the Boer' slogan led to farm killing: TRC". South African Press Association. 14 October 1999. Retrieved 2024-02-05 – via Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Department of Justice and Constitutional Development.
  26. ↑ "ANC, IFP men at TRC for Kwa/Natal violence". South African Press Association. 8 October 1999. Retrieved 2024-02-05 – via Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Department of Justice and Constitutional Development.
  27. ↑ "PAC'S Great Storm returns to haunt it". South African Press Association. 29 August 1997. Retrieved 2024-01-27 – via Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Department of Justice and Constitutional Development.
  28. ↑ "Special Report – Transcript of episode 57, section 4, starting at: 21:24". Truth Commission. Archived from the original on 2025-03-07. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  29. ↑ Lephakga, Tshepo (2018). "APLA and the Amnesty Committee of the TRC? An Ethical Analysis of the Amnesty Committee of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa" (PDF). Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae. 44 (1): 9. doi:10.25159/2412-4265/2379. ISSN 2412-4265 – via Scientific Electronic Library Online.
  30. ↑ "Donald Trump confronts South African president with Malema video". YouTube. May 21, 2025. Retrieved 2025-05-21.
  31. ↑ Erlmann, Veit (2020). "'Shoot the Boer' – Hate Speech, Law and the Expediency of Sound". Law Text Culture. 24 (1): 275–301. doi:10.14453/ltc.724. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024 – via UOW Library.
  32. 1 2 3 "'Shoot the boer': It's hate speech, says judge". The M&G Online (in Turanci). 12 September 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2019. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "M&G-2011" defined multiple times with different content
  33. ↑ "Hate speech charge laid against Jacob Zuma". News24 (in Turanci). 24 February 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  34. ↑ Smith, Janet (17 September 2011). "Dubul' ibhunu jolts us to ponder post-1994 discourse". The Independent on Saturday. Retrieved 2025-04-29 – via PressReader.
  35. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gunner
  36. ↑ "South African opposition torn apart over apartheid song". Africanews (in Turanci). 1 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  37. 1 2 3 4 Kgosana, Rorisang (2 August 2023). "'I will sing "Kill the Boer" as and when I please': Malema responds to struggle song outrage". TimesLIVE (in Turanci). Retrieved 3 August 2023. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Kgosana-2023" defined multiple times with different content
  38. 1 2 Ditabo, Malaika (1 August 2023). "Elon Musk vs Julius Malema: EFF leader accused of inciting genocide with 'Kill the boer' song". News24 (in Turanci). Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  39. ↑ "Attackers chant 'Kill the Boer, kill the Farmer' before stabbing female victim with spear". AfriForum (in Turanci). 2023-08-29. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
  40. 1 2 Ramushwana, Alpha (2 August 2023). "Malema defends the singing of 'Kill the boer, kill the farmer'". Eyewitness News (in Turanci). Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  41. ↑ "Afriforum opposed to 'Kill the Boer' chant at EFF 10th anniversary celebration". SABC News (in Turanci). 31 July 2023. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  42. ↑ Masungwini, Norman (2 August 2023). "Malema promises 'kill the boer' chant will remain in his repertoire". City Press (in Turanci). Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  43. ↑ "ADL Statement on 'Kill the Boer'" (in Turanci). Anti-Defamation League.
  44. ↑ Dall, Nick. "'Kill the Boer': The anti-apartheid song Musk ties to 'white genocide'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
  45. ↑ "Heritage or hate speech?". Archive and Public Culture Research Initiative. University of Cape Town. 12 April 2010.
  46. 1 2 "Afriforum and Another v Malema (18172/2010) [2010] ZAGPPHC 39 (1 April 2010)". www.saflii.org. Retrieved 2025-05-15.
  47. ↑ Staff Reporter (19 May 2011). "Judge to ignore 'shoot the boer' order for Malema case". The Mail & Guardian (in Turanci). Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  48. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Smith-2012
  49. 1 2 Tandwa, Lizeka (27 March 2019). "SAHRC finds Malema comments referred to commission not hate speech". News24 (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-02-02.
  50. ↑ Kgosana, Rorisang (14 July 2023). "Court sets aside SAHRC decision that exonerated Malema of hate speech". TimesLIVE (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-02-02.
  51. ↑ Masweneng, Kgaugelo (18 February 2022). "Expert witness in hate crime case unpacks use and significance of 'Dubul' ibhunu'". TimesLIVE (in Turanci). Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  52. ↑ Broughton, Tania (25 August 2022). "GROUNDUP: EFF singing of 'Kill the Boer, Kill the Farmer' not hate speech, court rules". Daily Maverick (in Turanci). Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  53. ↑ Masson, Eunice (25 August 2022). "Malema, Economic Freedom Fighters singing 'Kill the Boer' ruled not hate speech". The Mail & Guardian (in Turanci). Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  54. ↑ Moosa, Tauriq (30 May 2024). "Julius Malema singing 'shoot the boer' is not hate speech, SCA rules". Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  55. ↑ "The Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa Judgment" (PDF). Southern African Legal Information Institute. 28 May 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
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