Duk abin da ba a haramta ba an yarda da shi

Duk abin da ba a haramta ba an yarda da shi
general principles of French law (en)

Wani zane-zane a cikin Hugo Gernsback's Electrical Experimenter ya ba da shawarar ka'idoji don sanya rediyo ya zama mallakar Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka

"Duk abin da ba a haramta ba an ba da izini" doka ce. Manufar ita ce cewa za a iya ɗaukar duk wani mataki sai dai idan akwai doka a kansa. Har ila yau, an san shi a wasu yanayi a matsayin "ikon ƙwarewa" inda aka amince da jiki ko mutumin da ake tsarawa yana da hukunci mai kyau game da girman aikinsu.

Sabanin ka'idar "duk abin da ba a yarda da shi ba an haramta shi" ya bayyana cewa za'a iya ɗaukar mataki ne kawai idan an ba da izini musamman.

Wani babban alkalin Ingila, Sir John Laws, ya bayyana ka'idodin kamar haka: "Ga kowane ɗan ƙasa, duk abin da ba a haramta shi ba an yarda da shi; amma ga hukumomin jama'a, da kuma gwamnati, duk abin da ba a yarda ba an haramta." Masanin ilimin shari'a Ota Weinberger ya ce: "A cikin rufaffiyar tsarin da aka bayyana dukkan wajibai a bayyane waɗannan ƙa'idodin ƙididdiga masu zuwa suna aiki: (XI) Duk abin da ba a haramta ba yana halatta".

Dokar cikin gida

Jamhuriyar Czech

Tsarin mulkin Czech, Mataki na 2, sakin layi na 2 da 3, bi da bi ya karanta:

(2) Ikon jihar yana hidimtawa dukkan 'yan ƙasa kuma ana iya amfani da shi ne kawai a lokuta, a ƙarƙashin iyakoki da kuma ta hanyar amfani da doka ta ƙayyade. (3) Kowane ɗan ƙasa na iya yin duk abin da doka ba ta hana shi ba, kuma babu wanda za a iya tilasta masa yin duk abin le ba doka ba ta buƙata.

An sake maimaita ka'idojin iri ɗaya a cikin Dokar 'Yancin Czech, Mataki na 2.

Jamus

A cikin tsarin shari'ar Jamus, sau da yawa ana jayayya cewa dole ne a bayyana wani ra'ayi na doka a bayyane don wannan ra'ayi ya dace. Ba a la'akari da cewa ana buƙatar doka ta bayyana a bayyane cewa ra'ayin bai wanzu ba. Misali ga wannan shine manufar Nebenbesitz (mallaka kai tsaye na haƙƙin da mutum fiye da ɗaya), wanda kotunan Jamus suka musanta tare da gardamar cewa sashi na 868 na Dokar Jama'a, wanda ke bayyana mallaka kai tsaye, bai ce akwai mutane biyu da ke da shi ba. Wannan ka'idar ba ta kai ga hana yin wani abu da ba a ambata a cikin doka ba duk da haka, kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin Jamus Art. 2 (1) ke kare 'yancin yin aiki (Allgemeine Handlungsfreiheit), kamar yadda aka nuna misali ta hanyar hukuncin Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Tarayya da aka sani da Reiten im Walde (BVerfGE 80, 137; lit. "hawan cikin gandun daji").

Ƙasar Ingila

A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, Koyarwar Ram tsohuwar koyarwar tsarin mulki ce bisa ga wata yarjejeniya ta 1945 ta Granville Ram . Wani bangare na shi ya karanta:

A Minister of the Crown is not in the same position as a statutory corporation. A statutory corporation (whether constituted by a special statute as, for instance, a railway company is, or constituted under the Companies Acts as in the case of an ordinary company) is entirely a creature of statute and has no powers except those conferred upon it by or under statute, but a Minister of the Crown, even though there may have been a statute authorising his appointment, is not a creature of statute and may, as an agent of the Crown, exercise any powers which the Crown has power to exercise, except so far as he is precluded from doing so by statute. In other words, in the case of a Government Department, one must look at the statutes to see what it may not do, not as in the case of a company to see what it may do.

Cutar coronavirus

A watan Maris na 2021, don mayar da martani ga Cutar coronavirus ta 2019, Sakataren Lafiya Matt Hancock ya ba da shawara ga Firayim Minista Boris Johnson a cikin waɗannan kalmomi: "Dole ne mu gaya wa mutane cewa ba za su iya yin komai ba sai dai idan doka ta ba da izini". An bayyana wannan shawarar a matsayin "tushen shawara", kuma Hancock da kansa ya bayyana shi a matsayin Napoleon, "mai karkatar da" al'adar Burtaniya, saboda a kulle za a hana mutane yin komai sai dai idan dokar ta ce, cewa za su iya. Duk da yake an bayar da rahoton abin da ya gabata ne kawai, Dokar Coronavirus ta 2020 da daruruwan ƙananan dokoki da aka yi bisa ga wannan Dokar prima facie sun soke ka'idar a Ƙasar Ingila. Sauran marubuta sun tabbatar da wannan ciki har da Adam Wagner, lauya da ke ƙwarewa a cikin haƙƙin ɗan adam da dokar jama'a. Lord Sumption, tsohon alƙali na Kotun Koli, ya bayyana a cikin lacca da aka ba shi a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2020 cewa "Yadda za a iya tsoratar da mutane don ba da 'yanci na asali waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwarmu a matsayin masu zaman kansu sun zo a matsayin abin mamaki a gare ni a watan Maris na 2020.