Dunkelflaute
A cikin bangaren makamashi mai sabuntawa, Dunkelflaute ( [] i, lit. 'dark doldrums' ko 'dark wind lull', jam'i dunkelflauten) [1] lokaci ne wanda za'a iya samar da ƙaramin ko babu makamashi tare da iska da hasken rana, saboda babu iska ko hasken rana.[2][3][4] A cikin ilimin yanayi, an san wannan da ƙarancin anticyclonic.[5]dedede
Yanayin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]_-_14.JPG)
Ba kamar anticyclone na yau da kullun ba, 'Dunkelflaute' suna da alaƙa ba da sararin samaniya ba, amma tare da Rufin girgije mai yawa (0.7-0.9), wanda ya ƙunshi stratus, stratocumulus, da hazo.[5] Ya zuwa 2022 babu wani ma'anar ma'anar dunkelflaute da aka amince da ita.[6] Li et al. sun bayyana shi azaman iska da Hasken rana duka a ƙasa da 20% na iyawa a lokacin wani lokaci na minti 60.[7] Babban albedo na ƙananan girgije na stratocumulus musamman - wani lokacin tsayin tushe na girgije kawai mita 400 ne - na iya rage hasken rana da rabi.[5] – –
A arewacin Turai, Dunkelflaute ya samo asali ne daga tsarin matsin lamba mai ƙarfi wanda ke haifar da iska mai rauni sosai tare da yanayin zafi tare da stratus ko girgije na stratocumulus.[1] Akwai abubuwan dunkelflaute 2-10 a kowace shekara.[1] Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan suna faruwa daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu; yawanci awanni 50 zuwa 150 a kowace shekara, wani abu guda yawanci yakan kai awanni 24.[1] [daidaitaccen tabbaci] [failed verification]
A Japan, a gefe guda, ana ganin dunkelflauten a lokacin rani da hunturu. Tsohon ya samo asali ne daga tsayayyen gaba a farkon lokacin rani da lokacin ruwan sama na kaka (wanda ake kira Baiu da Akisame, bi da bi), [8] yayin da ƙarshen ya samo asali daga isowar guguwar kudu. [9]
Sakamakon makamashi mai sabuntawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wadannan lokutan babban batu ne a cikin ababen more rayuwa na makamashi idan an samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa ta hanyar hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa (VRE), galibi hasken rana da wutar lantarki.[10] Dunkelflauten na iya faruwa a lokaci guda a kan babban yanki, amma ba su da alaƙa tsakanin yankuna masu nisa, don haka tsarin wutar lantarki na ƙasa da yawa na iya taimakawa.[5] Abubuwan da suka wuce fiye da kwana biyu a mafi yawan Turai suna faruwa kusan sau ɗaya a kowace shekara biyar. Don tabbatar da wutar lantarki a lokacin irin waɗannan lokutan ana iya amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi, Ana iya shigo da makamashi, kuma Ana iya daidaita buƙata.
Don madadin hanyoyin samar da makamashi, kasashe suna amfani da man fetur (kwal, mai da iskar gas), hydroelectricity ko makamashin nukiliya kuma, ba sau da yawa, adana makamashi don hana katsewar wutar lantarki.[11][12][7][13] Maganin dogon lokaci sun haɗa da tsara Kasuwancin wutar lantarki don ƙarfafa wutar lantarki mai tsabta wanda yake samuwa lokacin da ake buƙata. Wani rukuni na ƙasashe suna bin daga Mission Innovation don yin aiki tare don warware matsalar a cikin tsabta, hanyar carbon mai ƙarancin gaske a shekara ta 2030, gami da bincika kama carbon da adanawa da Tattalin arzikin hydrogen a matsayin yiwuwar sassan mafita.
fari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ta hanyar kwatanci tare da fari na ruwa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a cikin shirin samar da wutar lantarki, masu bincike na hanyoyin samar da wutar wutar lantarki na VRE na gaba a cikin 2020s sun fara amfani da kalmar canji mai sabuntawa (bishiyar VRE ko Kawai fari na wutar lantarki) wanda kusan daidai yake da dunkelflaute.[14][15] Ba kamar dunkelflaute ba, fari na iya zama jerin abubuwan da suka faru, ana hasashen mafi munin tasirin wannan jerin ne, kuma shirin isasshen albarkatun ya kamata ya ɗauki shekaru da yawa.[14] Kittel et al. sun nuna shekarun 1996-1997 a matsayin misali mara kyau na fari na VRE, suna kira ga ƙarin ajiyar makamashi na EU na 50 zuwa 170 TWh (a saman tsinkaye na yanzu) don karɓar jerin abubuwan da suka faru na wannan girman.[14]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Hanyar Duck
- Makamashi mai sabuntawa
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "When the wind goes, gas fills in the gap | Q1 2021 Quarterly Report". Electric Insights (in Turanci). 2021-05-24. Archived from the original on 2021-06-13. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
- ↑ "Dark doldrums: When wind and sun take a break". en-former.com. 31 July 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ↑ Matsuo, Yuhji; Endo, Seiya; Nagatomi, Yu; Shibata, Yoshiaki; Komiyama, Ryoichi; Fujii, Yasumasa (2020-06-01). "Investigating the economics of the power sector under high penetration of variable renewable energies". Applied Energy (in Turanci). 267. Bibcode:2020ApEn..26713956M. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113956. ISSN 0306-2619. S2CID 216301290.
- ↑ Ohba, Masamichi; Kanno, Yuki; Nohara, Daisuke (2021-12-08). "Climatology of dark doldrums in Japan". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (in Turanci). 155. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111927. S2CID 245067748 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - 1 2 3 4 Li et al. 2021.
- ↑ "Dark doldrums: When wind and sun take a break". en-former.com. 31 July 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- 1 2 Li, Bowen; Basu, Sukanta; Watson, Simon J.; Russchenberg, Herman W. J. (2020). "Mesoscale modeling of a "Dunkelflaute" event". Wind Energy. 24 (1): 5–23. doi:10.1002/we.2554. ISSN 1095-4244.
- ↑ "Dark doldrums: When wind and sun take a break". en-former.com. 31 July 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ↑ Matsuo, Yuhji; Endo, Seiya; Nagatomi, Yu; Shibata, Yoshiaki; Komiyama, Ryoichi; Fujii, Yasumasa (2020-06-01). "Investigating the economics of the power sector under high penetration of variable renewable energies". Applied Energy (in Turanci). 267. Bibcode:2020ApEn..26713956M. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113956. ISSN 0306-2619. S2CID 216301290.
- ↑ Matsuo, Yuhji; Endo, Seiya; Nagatomi, Yu; Shibata, Yoshiaki; Komiyama, Ryoichi; Fujii, Yasumasa (2020-06-01). "Investigating the economics of the power sector under high penetration of variable renewable energies". Applied Energy (in Turanci). 267. Bibcode:2020ApEn..26713956M. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113956. ISSN 0306-2619. S2CID 216301290.
- ↑ Kosowski, Kai; Diercks, Frank (2021). "Quo Vadis, Grid Stability?" (PDF). Atw. 66 (2): 16–26. ISSN 1431-5254.
- ↑ "Dark doldrums: When wind and sun take a break". en-former.com. 31 July 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ↑ Abbott, Malcolm; Cohen, Bruce (2020). "Issues associated with the possible contribution of battery energy storage in ensuring a stable electricity system". The Electricity Journal. 33 (6). Bibcode:2020ElecJ..3306771A. doi:10.1016/j.tej.2020.106771. ISSN 1040-6190. S2CID 218966955.
- 1 2 3 Kittel, Roth & Schill 2024.
- ↑ Sahoo & Timmann 2023.
Tushen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kittel, Martin; Roth, Alexander; Schill, Wolf-Peter (2024). "Variable renewable energy droughts ("Dunkelflauten") and power sector implications" (PDF). DIW Berlin. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
- Kittel, Martin; Schill, Wolf-Peter (2024). "Measuring the Dunkelflaute: How (Not) to analyze variable renewable energy shortage". Environmental Research: Energy. 1 (3): 035007. arXiv:2402.06758. Bibcode:2024EREne...135007K. doi:10.1088/2753-3751/ad6dfc.
- Li, Bowen; Basu, Sukanta; Watson, Simon J.; Russchenberg, Herman W. J. (11 October 2021). "A Brief Climatology of Dunkelflaute Events over and Surrounding the North and Baltic Sea Areas" (PDF). Energies. 14 (20): 6508. doi:10.3390/en14206508. eISSN 1996-1073.
- Sahoo, Subrat; Timmann, Pascal (2023). "Energy Storage Technologies for Modern Power Systems: A Detailed Analysis of Functionalities, Potentials, and Impacts" (PDF). IEEE Access. 11: 49689–49729. Bibcode:2023IEEEA..1149689S. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3274504. ISSN 2169-3536. Retrieved 2024-12-14.