Dur-Kurigalzu

Dur-Kurigalzu
Wuri
33°21′13″N 44°12′08″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Irak
Governorate of Iraq (en)	Baghdad Governorate (en)

Dur-Kurigalzu wani birni ne a kudancin Mesopotamiya, kusa da haɗuwar kogin Tigris da Diyala, kimanin kilomita 30 (19 a yammacin tsakiyar Baghdad . Sarkin Kassite na Babila, Kurigalzu I (ya mutu c. 1375 BC) ne ya kafa shi kuma an watsar da shi bayan faduwar daular Kassite (c. 1155 BC). Birnin yana da irin wannan muhimmancin cewa ya bayyana a cikin jerin sunayen a cikin haikalin jana'izar Fir'auna na Masar, Amenophis III (c. 1351 BC) a Kom el-Hettan. Gabatarwa Dur kalma ce ta Akkadian da ke nufin "garkuwa ta", yayin da sunan sarauta na Kassite Kurigalzu an yi imanin cewa yana nufin " makiyayi na Kassites". Hadisin kiran sabbin garuruwan Dur ya samo asali ne daga zamanin Tsohon Babila tare da misali shine Dūr-Ammī-ditāna . Birnin yana dauke da ziggurat da temples da aka keɓe ga Alloli na Mesopotamiya, da kuma fadar sarauta wacce ta rufe murabba'in mita 420,000.

Ginin da ke Aqar Quf, wanda ke tsaye zuwa tsawo na kimanin mita 52 (171 , ya kasance abin tunawa ne na dā na ƙarni da yawa. Ga motocin raƙuma da zirga-zirgar hanyoyi na zamani, ziggurat ya zama alama ce ta kusanci kusa da Baghdad. Saboda sauƙin samun Aqar Quf da kusanci da birnin Bagadaza, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi ziyarta da kuma sanannun wuraren Iraki. Sau da yawa ana rikitar da ziggurat tare da Hasumiyar Babila ta baƙi na Yamma zuwa yankin daga karni na 17 zuwa gaba.

Tarihi

Garin Dur Kurigalzu an kafa shi ne ta hannun Sarki Kurigalzu I na Kassite a farkon Kashi na 14 BC kuma yana kusa da dutsen dutse mai laushi na gabas da yamma tsakanin kogin Yufiretis da Tigris. Har zuwa ƙarni na ƙarshe, ana iya ambaliya da ruwan ambaliyar ruwa a kusa da Aqar Quf. Wannan shafin yana da damar samun ruwa mai kyau daga Yufiretis ta hanyar Isa Canal, wanda aka sani da Patti-Enlil Canal a zamanin d ̄ a. Birnin ya yi aiki a matsayin babban birnin Babila a lokacin mulkin Kurigalzu, kuma ko dai a matsayin babban birni ko aƙalla muhimmiyar birni a lokacin da ya biyo baya. An ci gaba da zama har zuwa faduwar Daular Kassite a karni na 12 BC lokacin da aka watsar da shi sosai. Yankin haikalin, aƙalla, an san shi da aiki a ƙarni na 7 BC da kuma lokacin Neo-Babylonian. Har zuwa kwanan nan (yawanci tsakanin ƙarni na 9 da 14 AD), an sami ƙananan ayyuka a wasu sassan Aqar Quf, tare da wuraren da ake amfani da su don binnewa da kuma zaman Larabawa. An ba da shawarar cewa a lokutan da suka gabata an kira shafin Esâ .

Ziggurat

Ziggurat na Dur-Kurigalzu (1915).

Ziggurat na Dur-Kurigalzu, wanda Kurigalzu I ya gina a farkon karni na 14 BC, yana cikin yankin yammacin birnin kuma an sadaukar da shi ga babban Allah na Babila Enlil, wanda Sumerians suka yi imanin ya mallaki iska, iska, ƙasa, da guguwa.

Tushen ziggurat yana da ma'auni 69m x 67m kuma an gina shi da manyan, liben mai kyau tare da tubalin da aka sanya a cikin tsarin, yana ɗauke da sunan Kurigalzu da keɓewar haikalin E-U-GAL ga Enlil. Da yake fuskantar gaba, ana iya kusantar Ziggurat daga manyan matakala guda uku da ke kaiwa matakin farko. Tsayawa tsaye a kan matakin yana riƙe da fili mai laushi, wanda aka gina ta hanyar matakan da ke raguwa. A cikin ainihinsa, akwai tubalin murabba'in da aka bushe da rana tare da matsakaicin reed da aka sanya a cikin kowane nau'i bakwai na tubali don taimakawa riƙe tsarin gaba ɗaya. An gano wani matakai na matakai da ke gudana daga tsakiya na gefen ziggurat zuwa haikalin-complex kuma an gina shi da tubali mai ƙarfi da aka yi da bututu wanda aka saita a cikin bitumen.

Ka gaya wa Basmaya

Shafin Tell Basmaya yana da nisan kilomita bakwai a kudu maso gabashin Bagadaza ta zamani a mahaɗar kogin Tigris-Diyala kuma kawai a arewa maso gabashin tsohuwar Dur-Kurigalzu. Ya mamaye yanki na kimanin hekta 4 kuma ya ƙunshi tuddai takwas (wanda ke da tsawo daga 1 zuwa 4.5 mita). Dukkanin tuddai yanzu an lalata su ta hanyar ci gaban zamani. An fara gano shi a cikin binciken yanki na 1957-1958 ta Robert Adams (shafin # 562). An yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu daga 2013 zuwa 2014 ta Hukumar Kula da Tarihi da Tarihi ta Iraqi, karkashin jagorancin Taha K. Abod, a cikin shirin ceto archaeology kafin a bunkasa yankin. An tono a hudu (5, 6, 7, 8) daga cikin tuddai biyu kawai (6 da 7) sun nuna alamun zama. A kan tudu bakwai (0.96 hekta a yankin, mita 4 a tsawo) an tono gine-gine takwas masu girma (biyar tare da dakuna 5, uku tare da dakkuna 13, daya tare da dakakuna 16). An samo allunan cuneiform guda goma a cikin waɗannan gine-ginen tare da allunan biyu da ke ɗauke da sunayen shekara (14th da 17th) na mai mulkin Kassite Kadashman-Turgu (c. 1281-1264 BC) tare da hatimi biyar da hatimi ɗaya. Ɗaya daga cikin hatimi, na burbushin murjani, ya ƙunshi rubutun "Marduk, ka yi masa jinƙai". Ƙananan abubuwan da aka gano sun haɗa da daggers na ƙarfe da chisels da abubuwa da yawa na faience, gami da abin rufe fuska da kayan karusa guda uku. An gano kaburbura arba'in da hudu na intramural da extramural ciki har da kabarin tubali da kabarin da aka rufe. An sami wasu ragowar marigayi Sassanian da farkon zamanin Larabci ciki har da kwano da yawa na Aramaic.

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Hotuna masu zuwa suna wakiltar matsayin Aqar-Quf da sauran gine-ginen ta har zuwa ranar 29 ga Disamba, 2021.

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  One of the modern buildings at Dur-Kurigalzu, plundered and not restored. Note the damaged outdoor park benches and umbrellas
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  Ruins adjacent to the modernly reconstructed eastern part of the temple complex
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  Scattered bricks near the north-east side of the ziggurat
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  Tiles near the south-west side of the ziggurat
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  The courtyard of Enlil temple (E-U-GAL), the ziggurat is seen in the background
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  Ninlil temple (E-GASAN-AN-TA-GAL)
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  The courtyard of Ninurta temple (E-SAG-DINGIR-RI-E-NE)
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  Level one of the ziggurat and its remaining core
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  Layers of reed reinforcement, detail of the core of the ziggurat
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  The reconstructed "platform" (right) before the axial stairway of the ziggurat. The temple complex appear