Dutse mai ban sha'awa

 

Dutse mai ban sha'awa
General information
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	24°57′31″N 115°44′59″W
Kasa	Mexico

Enchanted Rock dutse ne mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda da ke cikin Llano Uplift kimanin 17 miles (27 km) arewa da Fredericksburg, Texas da 24 miles (39 km) kudu da Llano, Texas, Amurka. Enchanted Rock State Natural Area, wanda ya hada da Dutsen Dutsen da ke kewaye da shi, ya wuce iyakar Gillespie da Llano, kudancin kogin Llano . Dutsen Enchanted ya rufe kusan 640 acres (260 ha) kuma ya tashi kusan 425 feet (130 m) sama da kewayen filin zuwa tsayin 1,825 feet (556 m) sama da matakin teku. Ita ce mafi girma ruwan hoda monadnock a cikin Amurka. Enchanted Rock State Natural Area, wani ɓangare na tsarin shakatawa na jihar Texas, ya haɗa da 1,644 acres (665 ha) . A cikin 1936, an sanya yankin a matsayin Alamar Tarihi ta Texas . A cikin 1971, An naɗa Dutsen Enchanted a matsayin Alamar Halitta ta Ƙasa ta Ma'aikatar Parking ta ƙasa.

An ƙididdige Dutsen Enchanted a cikin 2017 a matsayin mafi kyawun sansanin a Texas a cikin binciken jihohi 50. Yankin Yanayin Jiha yana da baƙi 307,686 a cikin 2022.

Geology

Gwargwadon yanayin ƙasa na granite a yankin Enchanted Rock State Natural Area

Ana iya ganin fitaccen dutsen dutsen dutsen mil da yawa a cikin kwarin da ke kewaye na Llano Uplift. Dome mai yanayin yanayi, yana tsaye a saman filin da ke kewaye, masana ilimin ƙasa sun san shi azaman monadnock. Dutsen shine ainihin abin da ake iya gani a sama-kasa na wani yanki mai ɓarna, yanayin bayyanar wani babban wanka mai banƙyama, wanda ake kira Town Mountain Granite, na tsakiyar Precambrian ( 1,082 ± 6 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce ) abu wanda ya kutsa cikin schist na metamorphic a baya, wanda ake kira Packsaddle Schist. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan dutsen dutse, ko pluton, an fallasa shi ta hanyar zazzagewar dutsen da ke kewaye da shi, da farko dutsen dutsen Cretaceous Edwards wanda ke fallasa 'yan mil zuwa kudu.

Enchanted Rock State Natural Area and Conservation

Ayyukan wurin shakatawa sun haɗa da yin tafiya, ƙwanƙwasa, hawan dutse, jakunkuna na farko, zango, da kogo . Hanyar Koli ita ce mafi shaharar hanyar tafiya.

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) abokan hulɗa tare da Abokai na Dutsen Enchanted, ƙungiyar sa kai mai zaman kanta wacce ke aiki don haɓakawa da adana Yankin Halitta na Jihar Rock Enchanted. Yawon shakatawa na taron koli da aka tsara shine a ranar Asabar ta uku na wata mai farawa Afrilu, Mayu, Satumba, Oktoba, Nuwamba, da Disamba. Akwai balaguro na sirri don ƙungiyoyi a wasu lokuta.

Granite Gripper gasar hawan dutse ce ta shekara-shekara wacce ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi don kiyaye wuraren shakatawa ta hanyar Abokan Dutsen Enchanted . An ba da fifiko kan amincin ayyuka da kiyaye muhalli.

Ana buƙatar baƙi su kiyaye kutsawar ɗan adam aƙalla ta hanyar rashin damun tsirrai, dabbobi, ko kayan tarihi. Ba a yarda da dabbobi a kan hanyar koli ba.

Dokokin tarayya da na jihohi, ƙa'idodi, da ƙa'idodin da ke tafiyar da wuraren tarihi da kayan tarihi suna aiki. Wasan Wasan Jiha a matsayin jami'in zaman lafiya da aka ba da izini yana da izinin bincika albarkatun ƙasa kuma ya ɗauki duk wani matakin da ya dace don adana su.

Enchanted Rock filin shakatawa ne na Dark Sky na Duniya, wanda DarkSky International ya tabbatar. Gidan shakatawa yana lura da hasken sama tare da mitar ingancin sama, kuma yana ba da abubuwan da suka faru na dare kamar liyafar tauraro da kallon tauraro. A daren sabon wata, wurin shakatawa yana da sararin sama na Bortle 3; Hanyar madara tana bayyane sosai, meteors na kowa, kuma idon ɗan adam yana iya ganin taurari sama da 6000.

Yanayi

Sedum yana girma a saman Dutsen Enchanted kusa da tafkin vernal.

Dabbobin daji a Dutsen Enchanted sun haɗa da barewa mai farar wutsiya, ringtail, armadillo mai bandeji tara, dutsen da fox squirrel, zomo, da tururuwa masu girbi ja . Dabbobi iri-iri iri-iri, gami da ƙahon ƙaho na Texas, suma sun mayar da yankin Enchanted Rock gidansu. Wuraren wuraren waha a kan dutsen suna ɗauke da shrimp maras nauyi.

An tsara wurin kallon kallon tsuntsaye mai mahimmanci, masu sha'awar tsuntsaye na iya lura da nau'o'in nau'o'in da yawa ciki har da turkey daji, mafi girma roadrunner, zinariya-fronted woodpecker, Woodhouse's scrub jay, canyon towhee, rufous-crowned sparrow, baƙar fata sparrow, ƙananan zinariyafinch, common poor -will hummingwill, hum-chindwill hummming, hum-chindwill, hum- chindwill, hum-chindwill, hum-chindwill hummming ., Vermilion flycatcher, Almakashi-Tailed tashi, Bell's vireo, rawaya-maƙoƙoƙin vireo, blue grosbeak, fentin bunting, Orchard oriole, vesper sparrow, fox sparrow, Harris's sparrow, arewa Cardinal, Canyon sparrow, da kuma lark

Flora

Fiye da nau'in shuke-shuke 500, daga manyan al'ummomin tsire-tsire hudu - buɗaɗɗen itacen oak, ciyayi mara kyau, ambaliyar ruwa, da dutsen dutse - suna zaune a dutsen. Musamman nau'ikan sun haɗa da itacen oak mai rairayi, Texas beargrass, cactus pear prickly, da grama sideoats .

Tarihi

Enchanted Rock kusa da Fredericksburg ta Hermann Lungkwitz, 1864, mai akan zane

Duban Little Rock

Duban Dutsen Enchanted daga sansanin tushe

Jadawalin tarihin Dutsen Sihiri
Kwanan wata	Lamarin
1838	Maris 16, Anavato da Maria Martinez sun ba da ikon mallakar haƙƙin mallaka
1841	James Robinson, dan siyasar Texas, ya mallaki dukiya
1844	James W. Robinson ya sayar wa Samuel Maverick, lauya, dan siyasa da kuma mai sa hannu kan Sanarwar 'Yancin Kai ta Texas . Samuel Maverick yana da ƙasar da aka bincika don ma'adanai.
1880-1881	Matar Samuel Maverick ta sayar wa NPP Browne
1886	NPP Browne yana sayarwa John R. Moss John R. Moss yana sayarwa JD Slator
1895	JD Slator yana sayarwa ga 'yan'uwan kiwo guda biyu CT da AF Moss
1927	Ɗan CT Moss Tate Moss ya gaji kuma ya buɗe yawon shakatawa
1946	Tate Moss ya sayar wa Albert Faltin, wanda daga baya ya sayar da rabin riba ga mai kiwon Llano Charles H. Moss, jikan CT.
1970	An Bayyana Alamar Halitta ta Ƙasa .
1978	Charles H. da Ruth Moss, ta hanyar samun cikakken hakki, sun yanke shawarar sayar da dutsen. Taya ta farko tana zuwa wuraren shakatawa na Texas da namun daji amma ba za su iya biyan farashin tambaya ba. Maris 1, The Nature Conservancy, bisa ga umarnin Lady Bird Johnson, ya mallaki dukiya don dala miliyan 1.3 kuma ya yarda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai shi na wucin gadi har sai Jihar Texas za ta iya ɗaukar nauyin, don haka yana ba da tabbacin cewa yankin ba zai kasance a bude ga ci gaban masu zaman kansu ba. Maris 7, The Nature Conservancy, aikata ƙasar zuwa Jihar Texas tare da yarjejeniyar cewa Moss zai ci gaba da aiki da shi har zuwa Yuni 1 na wannan shekara. Sakataren Harkokin Cikin Gida na Amurka Cecil D. Andrus ya sanar da Gwamna Dolph Briscoe cewa za a ba da tallafin kula da filaye da ruwa na Tarayya don siyan yankin idan ya dace da kudaden jihar.
1984	Jihar Texas ta buɗe ta a matsayin Enchanted Rock State Natural Area bayan ƙara wuraren baƙi. An ƙara Dutsen Enchanted zuwa Rajista na Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa

Shaidun archaeological sun nuna ziyarar ɗan adam a dutse yana komawa aƙalla shekaru 11,000, bisa ga littafin The Enchanted Rock wanda Ira Kennedy ya buga a 1999:

Waɗannan mafarauta suna da mashi, wuta, da labarai. Tare da waɗannan albarkatun, kimanin shekaru 12,000 da suka wuce, Texans na farko ya zama tushen al'adun Indiyawan Plains . Bisa ga shaidar archaeological, mazaunin ɗan adam a Dutsen Enchanted ana iya gano shi aƙalla shekaru 10,000. Paleo-Indiya tsinkaya maki ko kibiya, 11-12,000 shekaru, an samu a cikin yankin sama da kasa daga dutsen. Mafi dadewa ingantacciyar mahimmin batu da aka samu a cikin wurin shakatawa na yau shine wurin gani na Plainview, wanda ya kasance shekaru 10,000.

Dutsen ya kasance batun bincike da zane-zane da yawa.

Duba daga koli na Dutsen Enchanted

Barna

A cikin 2016, an kama wasu mutane biyu na San Marcos, Texas saboda lalata "... kudu da fuskar taron a Enchanted Rock State Park". An sake lalata taron da rubutu a cikin 2018 amma ba a kama shi ba a cikin lamarin. Irin wannan barna babban laifi ne a jihar Texas, wanda ke dauke da "hukunce-hukuncen har zuwa shekaru biyu a gidan yari na jihar da kuma tarar dala 10,000 idan an same shi da laifi".

Fadadawa

A watan Agusta 2024 TPWD ta amince da siyan kadada 630 kusa da Dutsen Enchanted, wanda ya faɗaɗa girman wurin shakatawa da kusan 40%. A cikin Janairu 2025, an sayi ƙarin kadada 3,073 na ƙasa kusa, kusan ninki uku girman wurin shakatawa.

Kudaden waɗannan sayayya sun fito ne daga Asusun Kare Parks Centennial na $ 1 biliyan, wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin 2023 a lokacin Majalisar Dokokin Texas ta 88th tare da nassi na SJR 84.

Tatsuniyoyi

Labarin tarihin Tonkawa na gida, Apache da Comanche suna ba da ikon sihiri da ruhaniya ga dutsen (don haka sunan Enchanted Rock). Tonkawa, waɗanda suka zauna a yankin a ƙarni na 16, sun yi imanin cewa gobarar fatalwa ta yi ta tashi a saman kubba. Musamman ma, sun ji kururuwa da kuma nishi da ba a bayyana su ba, wanda masana ilmin kasa ke dangantawa da katsewar dutsen da dare ya yi bayan da rana ta zafafa shi. Bature na farko da ya ziyarci yankin shi ne Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca a shekara ta 1536. Don guje wa mazauna Anglo da ke yankin, ’yan ƙasar za su ɓoye a saman bene biyu na dutsen, inda ba a iya ganin su daga ƙasa. Sunan "Enchanted Rock" ya samo asali ne daga fassarar Mutanen Espanya da Anglo-Texan na irin waɗannan tatsuniyoyi da labarun labarun da suka danganci; An kuma ba da sunan "Crying Rock" don samuwar.   Wani plaque wanda a da aka sanya shi a cikin Dutsen Enchanted kusa da saman amma yanzu an nuna shi a cikin kiosk da ke ƙasa yana karanta:

From its summit in the fall of 1841, Captain John C. Hays, while surrounded by Comanche Indians who cut him off from his ranging company, repulsed the whole band and inflicted upon them such heavy losses that they fled.

— Marked by the State of Texas 1936

• Wata gimbiya ’yar asalin Amurka ce ta yi kaca-kaca da ita wadda ta jefa kanta daga kan dutse bayan ta ga yadda ake kashe mutanenta
• Ƙabilun Comanche da Tonkawa da ake zargin sun yi sadaukarwa a dutsen
• An yi imani da cewa ita ce tawa ta azurfa, zinare ko baƙin ƙarfe
• Alamun sawun sawun kan dutsen wani Ba'amurke ɗan ƙasar da ya sadaukar da 'yarsa, aka yanke masa hukuncin tafiya Dutsen Mai Girma har abada
• Kukan da mata ke yi da daddare na wata farar fata ce da ta fake a Dutsen Enchanted bayan ta tsallake rijiya da baya da wasu ‘yan asalin kasar Amurka suka yi garkuwa da su
• Sojan Spain Don Jesús Navarro's Enchanted Rock ya ceto wata budurwa Rosa, 'yar Cif Tehuan, bayan sace ta da Comanches suka yi da niyyar yin hadaya da ita a kan dutse

Enchanted Rock panorama

Full-width Enchanted Rock panorama