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Dutsen Dutse

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Dutsen Dutse
General information
Height above mean sea level (en) Fassara514 m
Topographic prominence (en) Fassara825 ft
Labarin ƙasa
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Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa33°48′21″N 84°08′44″W / 33.805944444444°N 84.145422222222°W / 33.805944444444; -84.145422222222
Tsawon tsaunukaAppalachian Mountains (en) Fassara
KasaTarayyar Amurka
TerritoryStone Mountain (en) Fassara

Dutsen Dutsen quartz monzonite dome monadnock ne kuma wurin shakatawa na Dutsen Dutse, 15 miles (24 km) gabas da Atlanta, Jojiya . A wajen wurin shakatawa akwai birnin Dutsen Dutse, Jojiya . Gidan shakatawa shine wurin yawon bude ido da aka fi ziyarta a jihar Jojiya.

Dutsen Dutse, sau ɗaya mallakar Venable Brothers, jihar Jojiya ta saya a 1958 "a matsayin abin tunawa ga Confederacy." [1] An buɗe Park Mountain Park a hukumance a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1965 - shekaru 100 zuwa rana bayan kisan gillar Lincoln, [2] kodayake amfani da wurin shakatawa ya kasance yana gudana shekaru da yawa kafin. [3] Gidan shakatawa a yau mallakar jihar Jojiya ne .

Dutsen dutsen da Skyride
Hotunan Hotunan Dutsen Dutse, 2022

Dutsen, wanda ke cikin abun da ke ciki daga quartz monzonite zuwa granite da granodiorite, ya fi 5 miles (8 km) a kewaye a gindinsa. Za a iya isa kolin dutsen ta hanyar tafiya sama a gefen yammacin dutsen ko ta hanyar jirgin sama na Skyride.

A kolin sa, tsayin ya kai 1,686 feet (514 m) sama da matakin teku da 825 feet (251 m) sama da kewayen yankin. Dutsen Dutse sananne ne don ba kawai ilimin yanayin ƙasa ba, har ma da babban taimako na dutse akan fuskarsa ta arewa, mafi girman zane-zane na bas-relief a duniya. Zane-zane, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1972, ya nuna shugabannin Confederate uku, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, da Stonewall Jackson .

Geology

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Dutsen Dutse ta hanyar bishiyoyi

Dutsen Dutse pluton ne, nau'in kutsawa mai ban tsoro . Da farko ya ƙunshi quartz monzonite, an kafa dome na Dutsen Dutse a lokacin da aka kafa Dutsen Blue Ridge a kusa da shekaru 300-350 da suka wuce (a lokacin Carboniferous ), wani ɓangare na tsaunin Appalachian . [4] Ya samo asali ne sakamakon hawan magma daga cikin ɓawon ƙasa . Wannan magma ya ƙarfafa don samar da granite a cikin ɓawon burodi mai nisan 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km) kasa da kasa.

Dutsen Dutsen pluton yana ci gaba a ƙarƙashin ƙasa 9 miles (14 km) a mafi tsayinsa zuwa Gwinnett County . Littattafan tunani da yawa da adabin Jojiya sun sanyawa Dutsen Dutse lakabi da "mafi girma da aka fallasa na granite a duniya". Wannan rashin fahimta shine mafi kusantar sakamakon kuskuren da kamfanonin granite suka yi da kuma gudanar da wuraren shakatawa na farko. Dutsen Dutse, ko da yake sau da yawa ana kiransa dome granite mai ruwan hoda, a zahiri ya bambanta a cikin abun da ke ciki daga quartz monzonite zuwa granite da granodiorite .

High resolution panoramic view from the summit of Stone Mountain

Tarihin halitta

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Taron Dutsen Dutse, Dutsen Kennesaw (tsakiya) da Atlanta (hagu) a bango

saman dutsen wani yanki ne na babur dutse da tafkuna, kuma yana ba da ra'ayoyi game da kewayen da ke kewaye da su ciki har da sararin samaniyar cikin garin Atlanta, sau da yawa tsaunin Kennesaw, da kuma a ranaku masu haske har da tsaunukan Appalachian . A wasu kwanaki, saman dutsen yana lulluɓe da hazo mai nauyi, kuma za a iya iyakance ganuwa ga ƙafafu kaɗan kawai.

Shararrun wuraren tafkunan ruwan da ke kan babban taron ta hanyar tattara ruwan sama a cikin ɓacin rai, kuma gida ne ga shrimp da ba a saba gani ba. Ƙananan shrimp yana fitowa ne kawai a lokacin damina. Ta hanyar aiwatar da cryptobiosis, ƙananan ƙwai na shrimp (ko cysts ) na iya zama dormant na tsawon shekaru a cikin busassun ɓacin rai, suna jiran yanayi masu kyau. Wadannan wuraren tafkunan vernal kuma gida ne ga wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire da aka jera a cikin ƙasa da yawa, kamar su quillwort-spored quillwort ( Isoetes melanospora ) da kuma sprite (wanda ake kira snorkelwort, Gratiola amphiantha ). [5] [6]

Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararru

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Kusa da abin tunawa
1925 Dutsen Memorial Memorial rabin dala (tsara ta Borglum)
Tambarin gidan waya na Amurka, 1970
Talla don Dutsen Dutse a Mujallar Dixie Highway, Mayu 1925
Ana ci gaba da aikin sassaƙa a cikin 1926
Tsarin Dutsen Dutse yana cikin tsari

Mafi girman zane-zane a duniya, zane-zane na tunawa da Confederate yana nuna shugabannin Confederate guda uku na yakin basasa: Shugaba Jefferson Davis da Janar Robert E. Lee da Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson (a kan dawakai da suka fi so, Blackjack, Traveller, da Little Sorrel, bi da bi). An yanke siffar 42 feet (13 m) zurfi a cikin dutsen, [7] auna 90 feet (27 m) a tsawo da 190 feet (58 m) a faɗin, [8] kuma yana kwance 400 feet (120 m) sama da ƙasa. [9]

Har ila yau, Klan sun gudanar da kone-kone a taron kolin dutsen a lokuta daban-daban daga 1915 zuwa gaba. Wannan al'ada ta ƙare a cikin 1962, lokacin da Klan yayi ƙoƙari ya riƙe giciye na dutse don mayar da martani ga NAACP da ke gudanar da taron kasa a Atlanta . [10] Ƙungiyar Tunawa da Dutsen Dutse ba ta son kowace ƙungiya ta yi amfani da kadarorin jihar don zanga-zangar, kuma ta shawo kan Gwamna Ernest Vandiver don ba da umurni ga sojojin jihar su dakatar da taron. [10] Sojoji saba'in sun yi ƙoƙarin hana ɗaruruwan Klansmen da suka taru a gindin dutsen daga hawan zuwa babban koli, amma Klansmen na da makamai da kulake na billy, fitilu, da duwatsu, kuma sun fi jami'an yawa yawa. [10] 'Yan sanda sun yi shawarwari tare da Klan Grand Dragon na gida, wanda Klansmen za su guje wa ci gaba da tashin hankali, amma 20 daga cikin adadinsu za a ba su damar hawan dutsen don "bikin addini", kuma an maye gurbin ƙonawa tare da hasken wuta. [10]

A watan Agustan 2017, an hana Klan izinin ƙona giciye a saman dutse.

An ci gaba da tara kuɗi don abin tunawa a cikin 1923. Tasirin UDC ya ci gaba, don tallafawa hangen nesa na Misis Plane na sassaƙa a sarari don manufar ƙirƙirar abin tunawa na Confederate. Ta ba da shawarar a cikin wasiƙar zuwa ga mai sassaƙa na farko, Gutzon Borglum :


UDC ta kafa Ƙungiyar Tunawa ta Dutsen Dutse (SMCMA) don tara kuɗi da kuma kula da aikin. Venable da Borglum, dukkansu suna da alaƙa da Klan, sun shirya shirya SMCMA tare da membobin Klan. [11] The SMCMA, tare da United 'ya'ya mata na Confederacy, ci gaba da kokarin tattara kudade. Daga $250,000 (~$ 3.46 miliyan a 2023 ) ya tara, wani ɓangare ya fito daga gwamnatin tarayya, wanda a cikin 1925 ya ba da tsabar kudi na tunawa da kashi hamsin tare da sojoji Robert E. Lee da Stonewall Jackson a kansu. Hoton da ke bayan tsabar kudin ya dogara ne akan Taro na Ƙarshe na Lee da Jackson, [12] wanda aka kashe a 1869 ta Everett BD Fabrino Julio, [lower-alpha 1] kanta alamar tatsuniyoyi na Lost Cause ; yanzu yana cikin Gidan Tarihi na Yakin Basasa na Amurka (har zuwa 2012 Gidan Tarihi na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa). [13] Lokacin da jihar ta kammala siyan a cikin 1960, ta la'anci kadarorin don ɓata yarjejeniyar Venable don ba da damar haƙƙin dindindin na Klan don gudanar da tarurruka a cikin gida. [11]

Tarihi

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Dutsen Dutse, c. 1910
Grist Mill daga 1869 a Dutsen Dutse
Depot na Dutsen Dutsen Scenic Railroad Depot, 1971

Gidan ɗan adam na Dutsen Dutse da kewaye ya samo asali ne tun kafin tarihi . Lokacin da masu bincike na Turai suka fara cin karo da dutsen, an kewaye kolinsa da bangon dutse, kamar wanda har yanzu ake samu a Dutsen Gari na Jojiya. An yi imanin cewa farkon mazauna yankin ne suka gina katangar, kodayake har yanzu ba a san manufarta ba. A farkon karni na 20, bangon ya bace, maziyartan farko sun kwashe duwatsun a matsayin abubuwan tunawa, sun birgima saman dutsen, ko kuma an cire su ta hanyar aikin fasa dutse. Dutsen shine ƙarshen ƙarshen Trail na Campbellton, hanyar ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka wacce ta bi ta yankin Atlanta a yanzu.

Abubuwan da suka faru na jirgin sama

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Bisa ga kalandar bayanin George Weiblen na ranar Litinin, 7 ga Mayu, 1928: “Jirgin mail ya faɗo a kan dutse da ƙarfe 8:00 na dare” Matukin jirgin, Johnny S. Kytle (1905-1931), ba wai kawai ya tsira daga hatsarin ba, amma ya sami nasarar kama wasiƙun ya bi dutsen.

Da yammacin ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2003, cikin yanayi mai tsafta, wani karamin jirgin sama ya kewaya dutsen har sau biyar, ya fado a gefen kudu, kuma ya fashe da wuta. An kashe matukin jirgin. Wani shaida da ke ba da shaida a binciken NTSB ya bayyana cewa matukin jirgin, wani akawu mai shekaru 69, ya yi barazanar kashe kansa a lokuta da dama ta hanyar hawa dutsen. Rahoton hatsarin NTSB na hukuma ya lissafa dalilin da zai iya zama "Tsarin jirgin da gangan matukin jirgin ya shiga cikin kasa don manufar kashe kansa yayin da barasa ya lalace."

Mulki

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Dutsen Dutsen Dutse, wanda ke kewaye da Confederate Memorial, mallakar jihar Jojiya ne kuma Ƙungiyar Tunawa ta Dutsen Dutse (SMMA), wata hukuma ce ta jihar Georgia. Tun daga watan Agusta, 2022, hukumar ta shiga kwangilar shekaru 10 (tare da zaɓi don sabuntawa har zuwa shekaru 30) tare da Thrive Attractions Management Group, LLC, don gudanar da abubuwan shakatawa. SMMA tana riƙe da ikon mallaka, yayin da Thrive ke kiyaye kashi 2% na yawan kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara daga otal ɗin wurin shakatawa da kashi 3% na yawan kudaden shiga daga wasu yankuna.

Daga 1999 zuwa 2022, Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation ne ke gudanar da abubuwan jan hankali na shakatawa, wanda ke da kwangilar shekaru 30 don gudanar da abubuwan jan hankali. A karkashin yarjejeniyar 1999, Herschen ya biya jihar Jojiya dala miliyan 11 (~$ 18.9 miliyan a 2023 ) kowace shekara, yayin da Ƙungiyar Tunawa da Dutsen Dutse ke da hakkin ƙin duk wani aikin da aka ga bai dace ba. A cikin 2018, Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation sun yanke shawarar kawo karshen kwangilarsu da wuri bayan shekaru 20 kacal sakamakon asarar da aka yi a cikin 2017 da 2018, suna yin la'akari da raguwar kudaden shiga da kuma " zanga-zangar da rarrabuwar kawuna" ta hanyar hotunan Confederate na wurin shakatawa a matsayin dalilai. An gabatar da tayin sabon kamfani na gudanarwa na Dutsen Dutsen Dutse a cikin Oktoba 2021. Thrive Attractions Management Group, LLC, wanda tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Herschen Family Entertainment Corporation ya fara da babban manajan Stone Mountain Park na shekaru 10, Michael Dombrowski, ya ƙaddamar da tayin kawai ga SMMA, wanda aka amince da shi a ranar Mayu 23, 2022.

Tun daga 2022, Thrive Attractions sun gudanar da wurin tare tare da SMMA a cikin haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu . A cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan canjin gudanarwa, wurin shakatawa ya yi aiki a asarar kuɗi. A cikin Afrilu 2025, an ba da rahoton a cikin taron kwamitin jama'a cewa wurin shakatawa yana aiki a asarar dala miliyan 1.6 na shekara. [14] Hukumar ta ba da rahoton samun kuɗi daga abubuwan jan hankali na Thrive. Shugaba na yanzu shine Bill Stephens kuma shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa shine Reverend Abraham Mosley. [15]

Wuraren sha'awa

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Gada mai rufi a Dutsen Dutse

Zauren Confederate, wanda Ƙungiyar Tunawa ta Dutsen Dutse (SMMA) ke sarrafa kai tsaye, gidan kayan gargajiya ne wanda ke ilmantar da ɗalibai da baƙi wurin shakatawa a kan ilimin ƙasa da muhalli na Dutsen Dutse da kuma abubuwan tarihi na yankin. [16] Wani ƙaramin gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana nuna wani labari na tarihi game da Yaƙin Basasa a Jojiya mai suna Yaƙin Jojiya . [17]

Sashen ilimi yana karbar bakuncin dubban ɗalibai kowace shekara ta makaranta, yana koyar da darussan ilimin ƙasa, muhalli, da tarihi. An ƙera azuzuwan don saduwa da ƙa'idodin Ayyukan Jojiya da Ƙungiyar Arewacin Amurka don jagororin Ilimin Muhalli.

Dandalin Tarihi (wanda ake kira The Antebellum Plantation da Farmyard) wani gidan kayan gargajiya ne mai buɗe ido wanda ya ƙunshi gine-ginen tarihi guda 19, waɗanda aka gina tsakanin 1790 zuwa 1875, waɗanda aka sake gina su akan wurin don wakiltar gonar Jojiya kafin Yaƙin Basasa. An yi tanadin gidajen tarihi da tarin kayan adon zamani da kayan ado. [18] Gidan gona yana da gidan zoo . [19]

Carillon a Dutsen Dutsen Dutse, Janairu 2012

Girgizar niƙa ta kasance daga 1869 kuma an ƙaura zuwa wurin shakatawa a cikin 1965. Wata gada da aka rufe tun daga 1892 kuma ta mamaye kogin Oconee a Athens, Jojiya . [20]

Hasumiyar watsa labarai

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Pavilion da hasumiya mai watsawa a koli na Dutsen Dutse

Gajeren hasumiya mai watsa shirye-shirye a saman dutsen yana watsa tashoshi biyu marasa kasuwanci : tashar talabijin WGTV TV 8, da tashar rediyon yanayi KEC80 akan 162.55 MHz. Gidan rediyon FM WABE FM 90.1 yana kan wannan hasumiya tun daga 1984 har zuwa 2005, lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙaura don ɗaukar canjin dijital na WGTV. W266BW FM 101.1 yanzu yana da

Asaman hasumiya kuma yana zaune W4BOC mai son rediyo mai maimaitawa, wanda ke aiki akan mitar 146.760 MHz . Hakanan ana amfani da hasumiya don tsarin wurin shakatawa na Project 25 tsarin rediyo mai hanyoyi biyu.  

Hanyoyi Dutsen Dutse

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Hanyar hawan Dutsen Dutse
Jirgin ruwan Dutsen Dutse

Hanyar Tafiya mai nisan 1.3 miles (2.1 km) hanya zuwa saman Dutsen Dutse yana hawa 786 feet (240 m) a tsayi zuwa tsayin 1,686 feet (514 m) . Hanyar tana da tudu, amma ra'ayi na ban mamaki da iska mai sanyi suna jiran masu tafiya a saman.

Hanyar Cherokee mai nisan 8 miles (13 km) Hanyar Nishaɗi ta ƙasa. [21] Yana madaukai a kusa da gindin dutsen, tare da sashin mil yana hawa sama da gefen yamma na dutsen (yana haye Trail Up Trail). Yana wucewa da farko ta cikin dajin oak-hickory, amma ra'ayoyin tafkuna, koguna, da tsaunuka sun zama ruwan dare.

Trail Lambun dabi'a abin kallo ne hanyar madauki ta cikin al'ummar daji na itacen oak-hickory. Yana da kyau don kallon tsire-tsire masu son inuwa. Ƙananan lambun da ke da alamun tsire-tsire masu fassara yana bakin ƙofar hanyar.

Hanyoyin Habitat na Songbird sun ƙunshi hanyoyin madauki guda biyu kowanne yana gudana 1 mile (1.6 km) . Hanyar filin wuri ne na tsuntsaye kuma hanyar daji tana ba da inuwa da tsire-tsire masu yawa. Ba a yarda karnuka.

Gidan shakatawa yana cikin Dutsen Dutse, Jojiya daga Hanyar Hanya 87. Wurin shakatawa yana a 1000 Robert E. Lee Boulevard a Dutsen Dutse. Wasu tituna guda biyu waɗanda suka haɗu da Robert E. Lee Boulevard kuma suka kewaye Dutsen Dutsen Dutse suna riƙe da sunayen Janar Stonewall Jackson da babban kwamandan rundunar Jefferson Davis.

Tun daga watan Mayu 2025, SMMA da Thrive Attractions ne ke gudanar da wurin tare. [22] Gidan shakatawa yana da abubuwan jan hankali da yawa. Motar kirar Skyride, wata motar kebul da Switzerland ta kera zuwa kololuwar tsaunin, ta wuce ta wurin sassaka a kan hanyar hawa.

Dandalin Tarihi tarin gine-ginen tarihi ne da aka ƙaura daga kewayen jihar Jojiya, gami da gidaje uku na shuka tun daga 1794, 1850 da 1845; dakunan bayi biyu; sito; da sauran gine-gine. Gidan gonar Tarihi na Tarihi yana da nau'ikan tumaki, awaki da aladu. Mai zanen Atlanta James Means, mai saka jari Christie Bell Kennedy, da dillalan kayan tarihi Kenneth Garcia ya zaɓi, ya motsa, shirya, canza, da kuma ƙawata gine-ginen tsakanin 1960 da 1963. An ƙirƙira bayan Colonial Williamsburg, yarjejeniyar kasuwanci ta fara buɗewa azaman "Tsarin Antebellum". [23]

Crossroads wasa ne na wani gari na Kudancin 1872 tare da abubuwan jan hankali da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani na 4-D, ƙaramin wasan golf da balaguron balaguron duck. An maye gurbin kwale-kwalen duck da yawon shakatawa na Rockin' Land and Lake a cikin 2019 saboda mutuwar mutane da yawa a wasu wurare sakamakon hadurran kwale-kwale. Yawon shakatawa ya haɗa da tafiya a kan buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen saman buɗaɗɗen bene mai hawa biyu da kuma tukin jirgin ruwan pontoon a marina. Akwai shaguna da gidajen abinci. Masu zanga-zangar sana'a sun haɗa da busa gilashi da yin alewa.

Dinotorium yanki ne na ayyukan yara wanda ke fasalta wasannin mu'amala 65, tsarin hawa, benayen trampoline da nunin faifai. Sky Hike hanya ce ta kasada ta igiyoyin iyali; Geyser Towers filin wasa ne da ke nuna babban maɓuɓɓuga a ƙofar.

A maraice na rani, dutsen yana karbar bakuncin Dutsen Dutsen Laser Show Spectacular, wasan wuta da nunin hasken Laser . Hasken Laser yana nuna hotunan zurfin Kudu da kuma tarihin Jojiya akan sassaƙawar Tunawa da Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyar. A lokacin Memorial Day Weekend na 2011, Dutsen Dutse ya bayyana sake fasalinsa na nunin laser, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da Mountainvision, wanda ya ƙunshi tsinkaya dijital, lasers, sakamako na musamman, da pyrotechnics . A Karshen Ranar Tunatarwa na 2023 Dutsen Dutsen Park a hukumance ya yi ritaya Nunin Laser don samar da sabuwar hanyar Nunin Hasken Kiɗa a Faɗin Amurka. Nunin Laser a halin yanzu yana gudana akan zaɓaɓɓun dare kamar na 2023. [24]

Takardun shaida

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Abin tunawa: Labarin da ba a bayyana ba na Dutsen Dutse wani shiri ne na 2022 wanda Cibiyar Tarihin Atlanta ta yi.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "History of Stone Mountain Park". Stone Mountain Manor | Bed and Breakfast | Inn | Vacation Rental | Stone Mountain, GA (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  2. ↑ McKinney, Debra (February 10, 2018). "Stone Mountain. A Monumental Dilemma". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center (164): 18–22. Archived from the original on 2020-07-07. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  3. ↑ "History – Stone Mountain Park". www.stonemountainpark.com. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  4. ↑ "New Georgia Encyclopedia: Granite Outcrops". Georgiaencyclopedia.org. 2005-01-07. Archived from the original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
  5. ↑ "Species Profile for Little amphianthus (Amphianthus pusillus)". ecos.fws.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  6. ↑ "Species Profile for Black Spored quillwort (Isoetes melanospora)". ecos.fws.gov. Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  7. ↑ Boissoneault, Lorraine (August 22, 2017). "What Will Happen to Stone Mountain, America's Largest Confederate Memorial?". Archived from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  8. ↑ "50 things you might not know about Stone Mountain Park". July 10, 2018. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  9. ↑ McKay, Rich (July 3, 2020). "The world's largest Confederate Monument faces renewed calls for removal". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Sharpe2017".
  11. 1 2 "Stone Mountain Carving". Ngeorgia.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-26. Retrieved 2014-07-29.
  12. ↑ "Confederate Half Dollar". xroads.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  13. ↑ "The Last Meeting". Encyclopediavirginia.org\accessdate=1 September 2017. Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  14. ↑ "Board & Committee Minutes – Stone Mountain Memorial Association" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  15. ↑ "Board of Directors – Stone Mountain Memorial Association" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  16. ↑ "Confederate Hall". stonemountainguide.com. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  17. ↑ "Historical & Environmental Education Center". stonemountainpark.com. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  18. ↑ "Antebellum Plantation". stonemountainguide.com. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  19. ↑ "Stone Mountain Farmyard". stonemountainguide.com. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  20. ↑ Seibert, David. "Stone Mountain Covered Bridge". GeorgiaInfo: an Online Georgia Almanac. Digital Library of Georgia. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  21. ↑ "Cherokee Trail Hike Information" (PDF). Stone Mountain State Park. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  22. ↑ "Stone Mountain Park to get new management |". capitol-beat.org. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  23. ↑ Herrington, Philip Mills; Brandt, Lydia Mattice (2022). ""The 1960s Antebellum Plantation at Stone Mountain, Georgia"". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 81 (1): 63–84. doi:10.1525/jsah.2022.81.1.63. S2CID 247984635 Check |s2cid= value (help) – via Project Muse.
  24. ↑ "Stone Mountain Park Debuts New Lasershow Spectacular in Mountainvision This Summer – STONE MOUNTAIN, Ga., March 21, 2011 /PRNewswire/". Prnewswire.com. 2011-03-21. Archived from the original on 2014-07-26. Retrieved 2014-07-29.
  1. ↑ Julio was an American born in Saint Helena in 1843 who emigrated to the U.S. in 1860. He died in 1879.
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