Dutsen wuta

Dutsen wuta
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Dutsen Volcano

Mayon a Philippines yana da mazugi mai tsauri mai ma'ana.

Cones masu aman wuta suna daga cikin mafi saukin sifofi masu aman wuta . An gina su ta hanyar ejecta daga iska mai aman wuta, suna taruwa a kewayen hushin cikin siffar mazugi tare da rami na tsakiya. Cones masu aman wuta iri-iri ne, ya danganta da yanayi da girman tarkacen da aka fitar yayin fashewar. Nau'in mazugi masu aman wuta sun haɗa da stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, da cinder cones .

Stratocone

 

Dutsen Osorno a Chile misali ne na ingantacciyar stratocone .

Stratocones manyan tsaunuka ne masu siffar mazugi da aka yi da kwararowar lava, da fashewar duwatsun pyroclastic, da kutse masu ban tsoro waɗanda galibi ke kewaye da iska mai siliki. Ba kamar garkuwar dutsen mai fitad da wuta ba, ana siffanta su da tsattsauran ra'ayi da na lokaci-lokaci, sau da yawa musanyawa, fashewar fashewa da fashewar fashewa . Wasu sun rushe ramuka da ake kira calderas . Babban tsakiya na stratocone yawanci yana mamaye shi da tsakiyar tsakiyar dutsen masu kutse da ke tsakanin kusan 500 metres (1,600 ft) zuwa fiye da kilomita da yawa a diamita. Wannan tsakiyar tsakiyar yana kewaye da ƙarnuka masu yawa na kwararowar lava, yawancinsu sun lalace, da ɗimbin duwatsun pyroclastic da tarkacen dutsen da aka sake yin aikin. Halin stratocone na al'ada shine andesitic zuwa dutsen dutsen dacitic wanda ke da alaƙa da yankuna na ƙasa . Ana kuma san su da ko dai tsattsauran tsaunuka, mazugi mai haɗe, dutsen mai tudu, mazugi na gauraye nau'in ko dutsen mai tsauri irin na Vesuvian.

Spatter mazugi

Pu ʻ u ʻ O ʻ ō, mazugi na cinder-da-spatter akan Kīlauea, Hawai ʻ i

A spatter cone ne mai low, steep-gear tudu ko tudu wanda ya kunshi da walda lava fragments, da ake kira spatter, wanda ya kafa a kusa da wani lava fountain fito daga wani tsakiya vent. Yawanci, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin suna da kimanin mita 3-5 (9.8-16.4 tsawo. Idan akwai rami na layi, maɓuɓɓugar dutse za ta haifar da manyan ɓangarori na spatter, wanda ake kira spatter ganuwar, a bangarorin biyu na fissure. Spatter cones sun fi zagaye kuma suna da siffar con, yayin da spatter ganuwar suna da siffofi masu kama da bango.

Spatter cones da spatter ganuwar yawanci an kafa su ne ta hanyar mafic, ruwan da ke da alaƙa da mafic, irin su wadanda suka fashe a tsibirin Hawaiian. Kamar yadda maɓuɓɓugar dutse mai narkewa, mai narkewar, ke fashewa cikin iska ta hanyar maɓuƙwalwar dutse, suna iya rasa lokacin da ake buƙata don sanyaya gaba ɗaya kafin su buga ƙasa. Sakamakon haka, spatter ba cikakke ba ne, kamar taffy, yayin da suke sauka kuma suna ɗaure zuwa spatter na asali kamar yadda duka biyun sau da yawa sannu a hankali suna fitowa a gefen cone. A sakamakon haka, spatter ɗin yana gina wani ƙuƙwalwar da ke kunshe da spatter ko dai agglutinated ko welded ga juna.

Tuff cones

Koko Crater babban mazugi ne wanda ke cikin jerin Volcanic na Honolulu .

Tuff cone, wani lokacin ana kiransa mazugi ash, ƙaramin mazugi ne mai aman wuta na monogenetic wanda fashewar phreatic (hydrovolcanic) ke haifarwa kai tsaye da magma da aka kawo a sama ta hanyar bututun ruwa daga tafkin magma mai zurfi. An siffanta su da manyan ƙuƙumma waɗanda ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin 100–800 metres (330–2,620 ft) saman benen dutsen da gangaren gangaren da suka fi digiri 25. Yawanci suna da baki zuwa baki diamita na 300–5,000 metres (980–16,400 ft) . Tuff cone ya ƙunshi yawanci mai kauri mai gadaje pyroclastic kwarara da ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi da gadaje-bam-scoria waɗanda aka samu daga faɗuwa daga ginshiƙin fashewa. Tuffs ɗin da ke haɗa mazugi na tuff an saba canza su, an canza su, ta hanyar hulɗar sa da ruwan ƙasa ko lokacin da aka ajiye shi da dumi da rigar. Adadin pyroclastic na tuff cones sun bambanta da ma'auni na pyroclastic na spatter cones ta rashin ko ƙarancin lava spatter, ƙaramin girman hatsi, da kyakkyawan gado. Yawanci, amma ba ko da yaushe, tuff cones ba su da alaƙa da kwararar lava.

Cinder mazugi

Cinder mazugi

Parícutin babban mazugi ne na cinder a Mexico .

Cinder Cones, wanda kuma aka sani da scoria cones da ƙananan scoria mounds, ƙananan ƙanana ne, masu tsayi mai tsayi da aka gina da sassan pyroclastic maras kyau, irin su ko dai clinker volcanic, cinders, volcanic ash, ko scoria . Sun ƙunshi tarkace tarkace na pyroclastic da aka kafa ta hanyar fashewar fashewar abubuwa ko maɓuɓɓugar lava daga guda ɗaya, yawanci cylindrical, vent. Yayin da ake hura lava mai cajin iskar da ƙarfi a cikin iska, takan karye cikin ƴan guntuwar da ke daɗa ƙarfi da faɗuwa a matsayin ko dai cinders, clinkers, ko scoria a kewayen huji don samar da mazugi wanda sau da yawa yana da alama; tare da gangara tsakanin 30 da 40 °; da tsarin ƙasa na kusan madauwari. Yawancin mazugi na cinder suna da rami mai siffar kwano a wurin taron. Matsakaicin diamita na cinder cones matsakaita kusan 800 metres (2,600 ft) da kewayo daga 250 to 2,500 metres (820 to 8,200 ft) . Diamita na ramukan su yana tsakanin 50 and 600 metres (160 and 1,970 ft) . Cinder cones da wuya su tashi sama da 50–350 metres (160–1,150 ft) ko sama da kewayen su.

Cones mara tushe

Cones marasa tushe, wanda kuma ake kira pseudocraters, su ne cones na volcanic waɗanda ba su da alaƙa kai tsaye tare da magudanar ruwa wanda ya kawo magma zuwa saman daga wurin ajiyar magma mai zurfi. Gabaɗaya, ana gane nau'ikan mazugi mara tushe guda uku, cones na littoral, ramukan fashewa, da hornitos . Cones na littoral da ramukan fashewa sune sakamakon ƙananan fashe-fashe waɗanda aka haifar a cikin gida ta hanyar hulɗar lava mai zafi ko pyroclastic yana gudana da ruwa. Littoral cones yawanci suna samuwa ne a saman wani magudanar ruwa na basaltic inda ya shiga jikin ruwa, yawanci teku ko teku. Fashewar fashewar ta kasance inda ko dai lava mai zafi ko magudanan ruwa sun rufe ko dai ƙasa marshy ko ƙasa mai cike da ruwa. Hornitos su ne mazugi marasa tushe waɗanda suka haɗa da gutsuttsuran welded kuma an samu su a saman magudanar ruwa na basaltic ta hanyar tserewa daga iskar gas da ɗigon ruwa na narkakkar lava ta tsagewa ko wasu buɗaɗɗe a cikin ɓawon lava.