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Dutsen wuta na gabashin tsakiyar Baja California

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Dutsen wuta na gabashin tsakiyar Baja California
Bayanai
Ƙasa Mexico
Volcanoes na Gabas ta Tsakiya Baja California Peninsula . Hoton Landsat 7, 2000

Dutsen tsaunuka na gabas ta tsakiya Baja California suna kan tsibirin Baja California kusa da Gulf of California, a cikin jihar Baja California Sur, a Mexico .

Geography

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Saliyo San Pedro Mártir

Baja California tsibiri ce a cikin Mexico, tana iyaka da Tekun Pasifik da Tekun California. An yi ta ne da farko daga tsaunuka, da wasu filayen bakin teku. Tsaunukan da ke cikin Baja California, da ke da alaƙa da Yankin Tekun Pasifik, ya tashi daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yammacin yankin. [1] Daga cikin jerin sunayen 24 mai suna, Saliyo de Juárez da Saliyo San Pedro Mártir, mafi girma a cikin Baja California, sune mafi mahimmanci biyu. Matsakaicin jeri sun bambanta dangane da wuri; gangaren gefen yamma sun fi na gabas laushi. Filayen bakin teku galibi ana samun su a yankunan kudu maso yamma da ke gabar teku. A tsakiyar Baja California, ana samun ayyukan volcanic kusan kusa da yankin San Ignacio. [2] Wurin shimfidar wuri wani faci ne na kwararowar lava da taurare ragowar kwararowar pyroclastic - gajimare masu zafi na toka mai aman wuta, kura, da gutsutsutsun duwatsu wadanda ke gangarowa zuwa gangaren dutsen mai aman wuta kamar dusar kankara.

La Reforma Caldera

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La Reforma Caldera dutsen mai aman wuta ne a gabashin tsakiyar Baja California. Kusan 10 km (6.2 mi) ne a diamita da 1,300 m (4,300 ft) tsayi. [3] A gabas ta tsakiya Baja California akwai tsaunuka da yawa kuma wannan yana gabas da dutsen mai aman wuta na Tres Vírgenes da kudu maso gabas na El Aguajito.

La Reforma dutsen mai aman wuta ne na caldera, wanda aka kafa lokacin da babban fashewa ya bar gidan magma mara komai, wanda dutsen mai aman wuta na sama ya ruguje. Babban fashewar La Reforma na ƙarshe ya faru kimanin shekaru 10,000 da suka wuce. Fadowar ta sun ƙunshi toka da faɗuwar ƙumburi, ƙwanƙolin ƙwarƙwara, da tudun pantellerite. [4] Duwatsu masu launin duhu waɗanda suka haɗa da gefen waje na La Reforma sun samo asali daga lava mai ruwa sosai. [5]

Tres Vírgenes ne

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Tres Vírgenes, layin tsaunuka guda uku da aka haɗa, suna yammacin La Reforma Caldera. Suna kwance NE-SW tare da yammacin Gulf of California. [6] Uku sune La Vírgen ( Budurwa ) a kudu maso yamma, El Azufre (Sulfur) a tsakiya, da El Viejo (The Old One) a arewa maso gabas. El Viejo shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi ƙasƙanci, kuma La Vírgen shine ƙarami kuma mafi tsayi daga cikin ukun. Yana da tarihin fashewar ƙuruciya da fashewar fashewar da ke kunshe da kwararar pyroclastic, dacitic da andesitic lava flows.

Dutsen dutsen yana girma kuma yana ƙara girma daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma. Sun ƙunshi stratovolcanoes, lava domes, da pyroclastic cones. Dacitic lava domes da kwarara sun faru a El Viejo da El Azufre.

Ba kamar sauran duwatsu masu aman wuta a Baja California, Tres Vírgenes stratovolcanoes ne, wanda ya ƙunshi wasu nau'ikan toka da lava. [7] Lokaci na ƙarshe da ɗayan dutsen mai aman wuta ke aiki shine a cikin 1746, tare da yuwuwar fashewa a cikin 1857. [8] Shaidar fashewar 1746 ta fito ne daga wani firist na Spain, wanda a lokacin yana kan kewayawa a cikin Gulf of California. A cikin rahoton nasa, an ce akwai wata toka daga fashewar fashewar, kuma yayin da ba a gano ma'adanar tephra ba, akwai alamun kwararar lava na andesitic da ka iya fitowa daga fashewar 1746.

Kwanan nan kamar shekaru 6,500 da suka gabata, La Vírgen ya fuskanci fashewar Plinian - wani babban abu mai fashewa wanda ya haifar da ginshiƙi na gutsuttsuran dutsen dutse da iskar gas wanda ke shiga cikin stratosphere . Fashewar ta haifar da wani ginshiki wanda ya kai akalla kilomita 18 a cikin iska ya kuma ajiye toka da gutsutsun duwatsu sama da murabba'in kilomita 500. A cikin na fashewar, pyroclastic gudana (dutsen ruwan hoda) da lahar (gudanar ruwa, duwatsu masu launin toka) daga El Azufre Volcano ya shimfida fili zuwa arewa har zuwa Gulf of California.

El Aguajito Caldera

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El Aguajito Caldera, wanda kuma aka sani da Santa Ana Caldera, yana arewa maso gabashin Tres Vírgenes. [9] Samuwar caldera "yana da alaƙa da fashewar ignimbrites, K-Ar kwanan wata a 0.76±0.06 Ma". [10] [11] Baƙin caldera kusan 10 km (6.2 mi) ne fadi kuma ba a fallasa shi a saman. [12] Akwai tsarin geothermal mai aiki tare da maɓuɓɓugan zafi a gefen kudancin caldera.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Geology of Baja California". math.ucr.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-05-09.
  2. ↑ Vacations, Cabo San Lucas. "Baja California Sur Geographical Summary". www.cabosanlucas.net. Retrieved 2017-05-09.
  3. ↑ "Global Volcanism Program | La Reforma". volcano.si.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-05-09.
  4. ↑ Demant, Alain (1981). "Plio-pleistocene volcano-tectonic evolution of la Reforma Caldera, Baja California, Mexico". Tectonophysics (in Turanci). 71 (1–4): 194. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(81)90065-2.
  5. ↑ "Volcanoes in Mexico. Baja California". plate-tectonic.narod.ru. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  6. ↑ "Global Volcanism Program | Tres Virgenes". volcano.si.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  7. ↑ Miller, Cheryl (1 June 2012). "Tres Virgenes". Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2025.
  8. ↑ "Tres Virgenes".
  9. ↑ "Global Volcanism Program | El Aguajito". volcano.si.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  10. ↑ "El Aguajito volcano". Volcano Discovery. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  11. ↑ "VOGRIPA". www.bgs.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  12. ↑ "Global Volcanism Program | La Reforma". volcano.si.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-05-09.
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