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Edgar Anderson

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Edgar Anderson
Rayuwa
HaihuwaForestville (en) Fassara, 9 Nuwamba, 1897
ƙasaTarayyar Amurka
MutuwaSt. Louis, 18 ga Yuni, 1969
MakwanciSaints Peter and Paul Catholic Cemetery Old (en) Fassara
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zamaDorothy Moore Anderson (en) Fassara
Karatu
MakarantaJami'ar Harvard
Michigan State University (en) Fassara
Dalibin daktanciDonald N. Duvick (en) Fassara
Sana'a
Sana'abotanist (en) Fassara, geneticist (en) Fassara da biologist (en) Fassara
EmployersWashington University in St. Louis (en) Fassara
Arnold Arboretum (en) Fassara
Missouri Botanical Garden (en) Fassara
Columbia University (mul) Fassara
Kyaututtuka
MambaNational Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) Fassara

Edgar Shannon Anderson (9 ga Nuwamba, 1897 - 18 ga Yuni, 1969) masanin tsirrai ne ɗan Amurka. [1] Ya gabatar da kalmar "introgressive hybridization" [2] kuma littafinsa na 1949 na wannan taken ya kasance na asali kuma muhimmiyar gudummawa ga ilimin halittar tsirrai . Aikinsa kan canja wuri da asalin daidaitawa ta hanyar haɗakar halitta ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai mahimmanci. [3] [4]

An zaɓe Anderson a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1934. [5] A 1954, an zaɓe shi memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa . [6] Ya kuma kasance shugaban Ƙungiyar Botanical Society of America a 1952, [7] kuma memba ne na ƙungiyar Nazarin Juyin Halitta [8] da Ƙungiyar Herb Society of America [9] Ya sami lambar yabo ta Darwin-Wallace ta ƙungiyar Linnean a 1958.

Rayuwar farko da ilimi

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An haifi Anderson a Forestville, New York . [10] Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara uku, iyalinsa sun ƙaura zuwa East Lansing, Michigan inda mahaifinsa ya karɓi aikin koyar da kiwon kiwo. [11] [12]

Sana'a

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Iris mai launin shuɗi
Iris virginica

Anderson ya karɓi matsayin masanin ilmin kwayoyin halitta a Lambun Botanical na Missouri a shekarar 1922. An naɗa shi mataimakin farfesa a fannin ilmin tsirrai a Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis . Bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan haɓaka dabarun ƙididdige bambancin yanayin ƙasa a cikin Iris versicolor . Anderson ya gano wanzuwar wani nau'in halitta na biyu, Iris virginica . [2]

A shekara ta 1929, Anderson ya sami tallafin karatu don yin karatu a Cibiyar Horticultural ta John Innes da ke Burtaniya, inda ya yi aiki tare da masanin kimiyyar cytogenetic CD Darlington, masanin kididdiga RA Fisher, da kuma masanin kwayoyin halitta JBS Haldane . Fisher ya yi amfani da bayanan Anderson kan nau'ikan irises guda uku masu alaƙa a matsayin misali don nuna hanyoyin ƙididdiga na rarrabuwa kuma daga baya ya zama sananne sosai a cikin al'ummar koyon injina, kodayake sau da yawa ana kwatanta shi da bayanan iris na Fisher . [13] [14]

Scatterplot na saitin bayanan furen Iris

Anderson ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1931 ya kuma sami aiki a Arnold Arboretum da ke Harvard inda ya yi aiki tare da masanin ilmin kwayoyin halitta Karl Sax . A shekarar 1935 ya koma Lambun Botanical na Missouri kuma a shekarar 1937 ya sami matsayin Farfesa na Engelmann a fannin ilmin tsirrai a Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis . Tsakanin 1934 da 1938 ya yi aiki galibi a Tradescantia . Shi ne farkon wanda ya gabatar da kalmar "introgressive hybridization" .

Zea mays

A shekarar 1941, an gayyaci Anderson ya gabatar da Lakcocin Jesup a Jami'ar Columbia tare da Ernst Mayr, inda suka tattauna rawar da kwayoyin halitta ke takawa wajen tsara tsarin tsirrai. Duk da haka, ba kamar sauran masu gabatar da Lakcocin Jesup ba, waɗanda za a ɗauke su a matsayin tushen juyin halitta na zamani, Anderson bai taɓa kammala rubutun da ke tare da shi ba don Systematics da asalin nau'ikan halittu . Madadin haka, ya mayar da hankalinsa ga Zea mays [2] [15] yana mai jaddada buƙatar yin nazarin tsirrai na daji da na noma. [16]

Anderson ya buga Introgressive Hybridization a shekarar 1949, inda ya bayyana canja wurin kwayoyin halitta tsakanin siffofin hybridizing, [3] da kuma rawar da introgression ke takawa a cikin speciation. [17] Ya kuma rubuta shahararren littafin kimiyya Plants, Man, and Life (1952), wanda wani mai sharhi ya bayyana a matsayin "littafi da ya kamata kowane masanin tsirrai da masanin ɗan adam ya karanta". [18] Anderson ya kasance darektan Missouri Gardens na ɗan lokaci a shekarar 1954, amma ya koma koyarwa a shekarar 1957. Ya yi ritaya a hukumance a shekarar 1967. [11]

Anderson abokin aiki ne na kud da kud kuma abokiyar Esther Lederberg . [19] Sun halarci taron dakin gwaje-gwaje na Cold Spring Harbor . [20] Anderson abokin abokan aiki ne na kud da kud, kamar JBS Haldane [3] da G. Ledyard Stebbins . [21]  

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Smocovitis, Vassiliki Betty (1999). "Anderson, Edgar (1897-1969), botanist". American National Biography (in Turanci). doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302046. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 Kleinman, Kim (1999). "His Own Synthesis: Corn, Edgar Anderson, and Evolutionary Theory in the 1940s". Journal of the History of Biology. 32 (2): 293–320. doi:10.1023/A:1004424810841. ISSN 0022-5010. JSTOR 4331526. S2CID 126829834. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 Arnold, Michael L. (2004). "Transfer and Origin of Adaptations through Natural Hybridization: Were Anderson and Stebbins Right?". The Plant Cell. 16 (3): 562–570. doi:10.1105/tpc.160370. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 540259. PMID 15004269.
  4. ↑ Edelman, Nathaniel B.; Mallet, James (23 November 2021). "Prevalence and Adaptive Impact of Introgression". Annual Review of Genetics. 55 (1): 265–283. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-021821-020805. ISSN 0066-4197. PMID 34579539 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 238203436 Check |s2cid= value (help). Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  5. ↑ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
  6. ↑ "Anderson, Edgar". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
  7. ↑ "BSA Presidents". Botanical Society of America (in Turanci). Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  8. ↑ Smocovitis, Vassiliki Betty (1994). "Organizing Evolution: Founding the Society for the Study of Evolution (1939-1950)" (PDF). Journal of the History of Biology. 27 (2): 241–309. doi:10.1007/BF01062564. ISSN 0022-5010. PMID 11639320. S2CID 9737192. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  9. ↑ "Who We Are". St. Louis Herb Society. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  10. ↑ Eisendrath, Erna R. (1972). "The Publications of Edgar Anderson". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 59 (3): 346–361. ISSN 0026-6493. JSTOR 2395147.
  11. 1 2 Heiser, Charles B. (1995). "Edgar Anderson, Botanist and Curator of Useful Plants". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 82 (1): 54–60. doi:10.2307/2399980. ISSN 0026-6493. JSTOR 2399980. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  12. ↑ Finan, John J. (1972). "Edgar Anderson 1897-1969". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 59 (3): 325–345. ISSN 0026-6493. JSTOR 2395146. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  13. ↑ Erickson, Ralph O. (1 June 1988). "Growth and Development of a Botanist". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 39 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.39.060188.000245. ISSN 1040-2519. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  14. ↑ Wainer, Howard; Velleman, Paul F. (1 February 2001). "Statistical Graphics: Mapping the Pathways of Science". Annual Review of Psychology. 52 (1): 305–335. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.305. ISSN 0066-4308. PMID 11148308. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  15. ↑ Kleinman, Kim (2009). "Biosystematics and the Origin of Species: Edgar Anderson, W. H. Camp, and the Evolutionary Synthesis". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 99 (1): 73–91. ISSN 0065-9746. JSTOR 27757425. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  16. ↑ Heiser, Charles B. (1 November 1979). "Origins of Some Cultivated New World Plants". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 10 (1): 309–326. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.10.110179.001521. ISSN 0066-4162. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  17. ↑ Harland, S. C. (August 1950). "Introgressive Hybridization". Nature (in Turanci). 166 (4215): 243–244. Bibcode:1950Natur.166..243H. doi:10.1038/166243b0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 45038936.
  18. ↑ Cutler, Hugh C.; Martin, Paul S. (6 April 1953). "Plants, Man and Life.Edgar Anderson". American Anthropologist. 55 (2): 269–270. doi:10.1525/aa.1953.55.2.02a00290. ISSN 0002-7294. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  19. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  20. ↑ "Anderson, Edgar". Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  21. ↑ Smocovitis, Vassiliki Betty (1 December 2001). "G. Ledyard Stebbins and the Evolutionary Synthesis". Annual Review of Genetics. 35 (1): 803–814. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.35.102401.091525. ISSN 0066-4197. PMID 11700300. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
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