Edoardo Amaldi
Edoardo Amaldi (5 ga Satumba 1908 - 5 ga Disamba 1989) masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Italiya. Ya ƙirƙiro kalmar " neutrino " a cikin tattaunawa da Enrico Fermi inda ya bambanta ta da " neutron " mai nauyi. An bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana kimiyyar nukiliya na ƙarni na ashirin." [1] Ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar zaman lafiya ta hana nukiliya . [1]
Rayuwa da aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Amaldi a Carpaneto Piacentino, ɗan Ugo Amaldi, farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Padua, da Luisa Basini. [2] [3] [4]
Amaldi ya kammala karatunsa a ƙarƙashin kulawar Enrico Fermi kuma shine babban abokin aikinsa har zuwa 1938, lokacin da Fermi ya bar Italiya zuwa Amurka. A shekarar 1939, an tura Amaldi cikin rundunar sojojin Italiya ta Royal Italian Army kuma ya koma fannin kimiyyar lissafi a shekarar 1941.
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Amaldi ya riƙe shugabancin "Janar Ilimin Lissafi" a Jami'ar Sapienza ta Rome, ya sake gina makarantar kimiyyar lissafi ta bayan Fermi, kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Nukiliya ta Italiya da kuma ESRO . Shi ne babban sakataren CERN a farkon lokacin da ayyukansa har yanzu ba su da wani tasiri, kafin kafawar hukuma ta watan Satumba na 1954. [5] [6] [7] [8] Ya fara aikin neman raƙuman nauyi a Turai.
Babban sakamakon kimiyya da ya samu ya kasance akan neutrons masu jinkirin shiga cikin ƙungiyar Fermi, da kuma shaidar halakar antiproton tare da dabarun emulsion, wanda ya kasance na zamani ga samar da shi a cikin na'urorin haɓaka aiki ta Emilio Segrè da abokan haɗin gwiwa. Amaldi ya yi rubutu tare da littattafai kusan 200 na kimiyya waɗanda suka haɗa da na'urorin nazarin atomic da na nukiliya zuwa na'urar nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta ta farko da kuma ƙarfin gwaji, da kuma littattafan karatu na makarantun sakandare da jami'o'i. Ya kuma rubuta littattafan tarihi-kimiyya; misali, tarihin rayuwarsa ta abokinsa Ettore Majorana wanda ya ɓace a ɓoye. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na girmamawa na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Soviet a 1958, memba na Ƙasashen Duniya na Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka a 1961, [9] da kuma Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Amurka a 1962. [10] [11] A 1963 ya zama memba na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Royal Netherlands . [12] A ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1968, an zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na ƙasashen waje na Royal Society .
Amaldi ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1989, har yanzu yana cikin cikakken aiki, yayin da yake shugaban Kwalejin Accademia dei Lincei, wacce ya kasance memba tun 1948.
Motar Canja wurin Aiki ta Uku ta Hukumar Sararin Samaniya ta Turai ta ɗauke shi, [13] haka kuma wani murabba'i a wurin CERN da ke Meyrin .
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Via Panisperna boys
- I ragazzi di via Panisperna (fim)
- Makamashin Nukiliya a Italiya
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Clavarino, Lodovica (2021). "Italian Physicists and the Bomb: Edoardo Amaldi's Network for Arms Control and Peace during the Cold War". Journal of Contemporary History (in Turanci). 56 (3): 665–692. doi:10.1177/0022009420980520. ISSN 0022-0094. S2CID 233927911 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Rubbia, C. (1991). "Edoardo Amaldi. 5 September 1908 – 5 December 1989". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 37: 2–31. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1991.0001.
- ↑ Salvini, G. (1992). "Edoardo Amaldi (5 September 1908-5 December 1989)". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 136 (3): 425–429. JSTOR 986916.
- ↑ "Edoardo Arnaldi e il rifiuto delle applicazioni militari della Fisica nucleare" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
- ↑ Salvini, G. (1992). "Edoardo Amaldi (5 September 1908-5 December 1989)". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 136 (3): 425–429. JSTOR 986916.
- ↑ "Edoardo Arnaldi e il rifiuto delle applicazioni militari della Fisica nucleare" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "47th session of CERN council: departure of Edoardo Amaldi". CERN Courier. 12 (1): 5–6. January 1972.
- ↑ "Edoardo Arnaldi e il rifiuto delle applicazioni militari della Fisica nucleare" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
- ↑ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Salvini, G. (1992). "Edoardo Amaldi (5 September 1908-5 December 1989)". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 136 (3): 425–429. JSTOR 986916.
- ↑ Salvini, G. (1992). "Edoardo Amaldi (5 September 1908-5 December 1989)". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 136 (3): 425–429. JSTOR 986916.