Edwin Linkomies
Edwin Johannes Hildegard Linkomies (22 Disamba 1894 - 9 Satumba 1963, har zuwa 1928 Edwin Flinck) ya kasance Firayim Minista na Finland daga Maris 1943 zuwa Agusta 1944, kuma ɗaya daga cikin 'yan siyasa bakwai da aka yanke musu hukuncin shekaru biyar da rabi a kurkuku a matsayin wanda ke da alhakin Ci gaba da Yaƙi, bisa buƙatar Tarayyar Soviet . An sake shi a shekarar 1948. Linkomies ya kasance sanannen masanin kimiyya na Fennoman, pro-rector (shugaban gudanarwa) na Jami'ar Helsinki daga 1932 zuwa 1943, rector daga 1956 zuwa 1962, kuma Shugaban Jami'ar Gwamnati daga 1962 har zuwa mutuwarsa.
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Linkomies a matsayin Edwin Flinck a kudu maso gabashin Finland na Viipuri, ɗan wani jami'in Sweden-Finnish wanda ya mutu jim kadan bayan haihuwar Edwin, amma Edwin ya girma a yammacin Finland a Rauma, a cikin yankin da ke magana da harshen Finnish na Finland. Ya yi aiki mai sauri da kyau a fannin ilimi: Ya kammala karatu yana da shekaru goma sha tara, ya rubuta rubutun sa yana da shekaru 22 a Jami'ar Helsinki, inda shekaru bakwai bayan haka aka nada shi farfesa kuma shugaban sashen wallafe-wallafen Latin. A halin yanzu, ya ci gaba da bincikensa a Jamus, a Leipzig da Halle. Zai ci gaba da hulɗa da jami'o'in Jamus har tsawon rayuwarsa; a matsayin malami da shugaban kimiyya an san shi da "Anglo-Saxon style" - bayyane da sauƙi a cikin gabatarwarsa, yana jaddada manyan layi maimakon cikakkun bayanai da banbanci - amma kuma a matsayin mai tsinkaye, mai iko, mai son mutuncin ofishinsa, kuma mai yiwuwa yana da tabbaci sosai.
Linkomies ya kasance a hanyoyi da baka na karshe na irin sa.. Mafi yawa, shi ne na ƙarshe a cikin dogon layin fitattun malaman Finnish waɗanda aka ɗauke su daga ilimi zuwa muhimman ayyukan siyasa. Amma shi ne kuma na karshe da ya ba da laccoci a cikin tufafin ilimi na yau da kullun, kuma na karshe don sa ran dalibai da ma'aikatan jami'a su yi wa shugaban sujada sosai.
Ci gaban akidar Linkomies na iya zama mai ban mamaki ga tsararraki na gaba, amma a tsakanin tsaransa ba a taɓa jin cewa ya kasance mai kishin ƙasa, mai adawa da Scandinavian, mai ra'ayin mulkin mallaka, mai adawar Socialist, da mai adawa le dimokuradiyya, kawai don raba waɗannan ra'ayoyin ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Tarihinsa ya bayyana mamakinsa game da yadda rabin Socialist na yawan mutanen Finland ya zama masu kare kishin kasa kamar wadanda ba Socialists ba bayan harin Soviet Union a watan Nuwamba 1939. A cewar nasa labarin, ya kasance daya daga cikin Finns na farko da ya fahimci yanayin damuwa na Nazis - aƙalla tsakanin 'yan uwansa Conservatives.
A lokacin rikici, yawancin maganganun Linkomies da ƙarfin siyasa an yi amfani da su ne a kan Finns masu magana da Yaren mutanen Sweden, da kuma ragowar gata da rinjaye a cikin al'ummar Finland; amma kuma a kan Sweden da Scandinavia, wanda ya ɗauka a matsayin Socialist kuma yana da sha'awar mamaye Finland. Koyaya, a cikin shekarun 1950, bayan takaici game da iyakantaccen goyon bayan Sweden a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe, ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga hulɗar Arewa da musayar al'adu, kuma ana iya ba da shi ga aƙalla warkarwa tsakanin Conservatives a Finland da Scandinavia, wanda ke da asali a cikin fennomania da Rikicin Åland.
Binciken rawar da Linkomies ke takawa a matsayin dan siyasa yana da rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa ya kasance, a kalla lokuta biyu masu mahimmanci a tarihin Finland da gangan ya yi magana kuma ya yi aiki da kansa, idan an yarda mutum ya yi imani da labarinsa a cikin tarihinsa.
- A farkon shekarun 1930, ya yi jayayya cewa burinsa shine ya jagoranci jam'iyyar Conservative ta Finland, Kokoomus, a cikin hanyar dimokuradiyya bayan da ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Lapua Movement. Amma don cimma wannan, ya bayyana ya dace da ƙananan mugunta na adawa da majalisa, adawa da zamantakewa al'umma, da kuma mulkin mallaka.
- A lokacin Ci gaba da Yakin, bayan da aka ci Wehrmacht a Stalingrad, an nada shi Firayim Minista tare da zaman lafiya a saman ajanda, amma ba a cikin ayyuka ko a cikin kalmomi ba gwamnati da ke karkashin jagorancinsa da shugaban Ryti za su bayyana wannan manufar, suna tsoron yawancin Finns ba su shirya ba, kuma Jamusanci har yanzu suna da ƙarfi sosai. Bugu da ƙari, bai yi ƙarfin hali ya kafa hulɗa tare da karuwar adawa da yaƙin ba, kuma kawai da hankali da jinkiri tare da ƙasashe waɗanda watakila za su kasance da niyyar tallafawa tsarin zaman lafiya, musamman Amurka, Sweden, da Burtaniya, idan suna da amincewa da sha'awar Finland na zaman lafiya.
Ofisoshin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ma'aikatar Linkomies