El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation
 El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation | |
|---|---|
meteorological phenomenon (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Haɗin kai daga nesa |
| Gajeren suna | ENOS da ENSO |
| Ƙasantuwa a yanayin ƙasa |
South Pacific Ocean (en) |
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) wani yanayi ne na duniya wanda ke fitowa daga bambancin iska da Yanayin zafi na teku a kan Tekun Pacific mai zafi. Wadannan bambance-bambance suna da tsari mara kyau amma suna da kama da sake zagayowar. Abubuwan da suka faru na ENSO ba za a iya hango su ba. Yana shafar yanayin yawancin wurare masu zafi da subtropics, kuma yana da alaƙa (Haɗin kai) zuwa yankuna masu girma na duniya. Lokacin dumama na yanayin zafi na teku an san shi da "El Niño" kuma lokacin sanyaya shine "La Niña". Kudancin Oscillation shine yanayin da ke tattare da shi, wanda aka haɗa shi da canjin zafin teku.
El Niño yana da alaƙa da matsin iska na iska fiye da na yau da kullun a kan Indonesia, Ostiraliya da kuma fadin Tekun Indiya zuwa Tekun Atlantic. La Niña tana da kusan tsari na baya: matsin lamba a tsakiya da gabashin Pacific da ƙananan matsin lamba ta hanyar yawancin sauran wurare masu zafi da subtropics.[2] Abubuwan biyu na faruwa suna wucewa a shekara ko haka kowannensu kuma yawanci suna faruwa a kowace shekara biyu zuwa bakwai tare da bambancin ƙarfi, tare da lokutan tsaka-tsaki na ƙananan ƙarfi.[3] Abubuwan da suka faru na El Niño na iya zama mafi tsanani amma abubuwan da suka faru a La Niña na iya maimaitawa kuma sun daɗe. Abubuwan da suka faru na El Niño, a matsakaici, sun rage lokutan ruwa na Canal na Panama-ba daidai ba ne da imani.[4]
Wani mahimmin tsari na ENSO shine ra'ayin Bjerknes (mai suna bayan Jacob Bjerkne a cikin 1969) wanda canje-canjen yanayi ke canza yanayin zafi na teku wanda hakan ke canza iskar yanayi a cikin kyakkyawan ra'ayi. Rashin ƙarfi na iska na gabas yana haifar da hauhawar ruwan zafi zuwa gabas da rage yawan ruwan teku a kan ma'auni. Hakanan, wannan yana haifar da yanayin zafi na teku (wanda ake kira El Niño), yaduwar Walker mai rauni (yaduwar gabas zuwa yamma a cikin yanayi) har ma da iskar kasuwanci mai rauni. A ƙarshe ruwan dumi a yammacin Pacific mai zafi ya ƙare sosai don yanayin ya koma yadda ya kamata. Takamaiman hanyoyin da ke haifar da oscillation ba su da tabbas kuma ana nazarin su.
Kowace ƙasa da ke sa ido kan ENSO tana da ƙofar daban-daban ga abin da ya zama taron El Niño ko La Niña, wanda aka tsara don takamaiman bukatun su.[5] El Niño da La Niña suna shafar yanayin duniya kuma suna rushe yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun, wanda a sakamakon haka zai iya haifar da guguwa mai tsanani a wasu wurare da fari a wasu.[6][7] Abubuwan da suka faru na El Niño suna haifar da gajeren lokaci (kimanin shekara 1 a tsawon) a cikin matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya yayin da abubuwan da suka faru a La Niña ke haifar da sanyaya na gajeren lokaci.[8] Sabili da haka, yawan dangi na El Niño idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da suka faru na La Niña na iya shafar yanayin zafin jiki na duniya a kan lokutan kusan shekaru goma.[9] Kasashen da ENSO ta fi shafa sune Kasashe masu tasowa waɗanda ke kan iyakar Tekun Pacific kuma suna dogara da noma da kamun kifi.
A cikin kimiyyar Canjin yanayi, an san ENSO a matsayin daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na Canjin yanayi na ciki. : 23 Abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba a ENSO saboda canjin yanayi ba su da tabbas, [10] kodayake canjin yanayi yana kara tasirin fari da ambaliyar ruwa. Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC ya taƙaita ilimin kimiyya a cikin 2021 don makomar ENSO kamar haka: "A cikin dogon lokaci, mai yiwuwa ne cewa bambancin hazo da ke da alaƙa da El Niño-Southern Oscillation zai karu".[11] Yarjejeniyar kimiyya ita ce kuma cewa "yana da matukar yiwuwar cewa bambancin ruwan sama da ke da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin ƙarfi da girman sararin samaniya na haɗin ENSO zai haifar da canje-canjen gagarumin a sikelin yanki".[11] : 114
Ma'anar da ƙamus
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
El Niño-Southern Oscillation wani yanayi ne guda daya wanda ke canzawa lokaci-lokaci tsakanin matakai uku: Neutral, La Niña ko El Niño . [12] La Niña da El Niño matakai ne masu tsayayya a cikin oscillation wanda ake zaton yana faruwa lokacin da aka kai ko wuce takamaiman yanayin teku da yanayi.[12]
Wani rubutu na farko da aka ambaci kalmar "El Niño" ("The Boy" a cikin Mutanen Espanya) don komawa ga yanayi ya faru ne a shekara ta 1892, lokacin da Kyaftin Camilo Carrillo ya gaya wa taron jama'a a Lima cewa ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Peru sun kira ruwan kudu mai zafi na yanzu "El Niños" saboda ya fi shahara a kusa da Kirsimeti. Kodayake al'ummomin pre-Columbian tabbas sun san abin da ya faru, sunayen 'yan asalin sun ɓace a tarihi.[13]
Kalmar El Niño tana nufin Kristi Yaro, Yesu, saboda yawanci ana lura da zafi a cikin Pacific kusa da Kudancin Amurka a kusa da Kirsimeti.[14]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Wald, Lucien (2021). "Definitions of time: from year to second". Fundamentals of solar radiation. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-367-72588-4.
- ↑ Climate Prediction Center (2005-12-19). "Frequently Asked Questions about El Niño and La Niña". National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ↑ "El Niño, La Niña and the Southern Oscillation". MetOffice. Archived from the original on 2023-10-27. Retrieved 2015-08-18.
- ↑ Fuentes, Gabriel; Munim, Ziaul Haque (2025). "Climate influence on Panama Canal operations: Predicting canal water times with integrated environmental and operational data". Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 203: 104319. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2025.104319.
- ↑ Becker, Emily (4 December 2014). "December's ENSO Update: Close, but no cigar". ENSO Blog. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016.
- ↑ "El Niño and La Niña". New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. 27 February 2007. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
- ↑ "How Much Do El Niño and La Niña Affect Our Weather? This fickle and influential climate pattern often gets blamed for extreme weather. A closer look at the most recent cycle shows that the truth is more subtle". Scientific American. 315 (4): 68–75. 2016. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1016-68. PMID 27798565.
- ↑ Brown, Patrick T.; Li, Wenhong; Xie, Shang-Ping (27 January 2015). "Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120 (2): 480–494. doi:10.1002/2014JD022576.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Trenberth, Kevin E.; Fasullo, John T. (December 2013). "An apparent hiatus in global warming?". Earth's Future. 1 (1): 19–32. Bibcode:2013EaFut...1...19T. doi:10.1002/2013EF000165.
- ↑ Collins, Mat; An, Soon-Il; Cai, Wenju; Ganachaud, Alexandre; Guilyardi, Eric; Jin, Fei-Fei; Jochum, Markus; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Power, Scott; Timmermann, Axel; Vecchi, Gabe; Wittenberg, Andrew (23 May 2010). "The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño". Nature Geoscience. 3 (6): 391–397. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..391C. doi:10.1038/ngeo868. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedIPCC2021 - ↑ 12.0 12.1 L'Heureux, Michelle (5 May 2014). "What is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a nutshell?". ENSO Blog. NOAA. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ↑ "El Niño". education.nationalgeographic.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-06-05. Retrieved 2023-06-03.
- ↑ "El Niño Information". California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Region. Archived from the original on 2019-10-27. Retrieved 2014-06-30.