Elia Kazan
Elias Kazantzoglou (Girkanci: Ηλίας Καζαντζόγλου, [iˈli.as kazanˈdzoɣlu]; Satumba 7, 1909 - Satumba 28, 2003), wanda aka fi sani da Elia Kazan (/ˈiːliə kəˈzæn/ EE-lee-ə kə-ZAN), ya kasance darektan fim da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Girka, mai shirya fina-finai da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda The New York Times ya bayyana a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin daraktocin da aka fi girmamawa da tasiri a tarihin Broadway da Hollywood".[lower-alpha 1]elelel
An haife shi a Constantinople (yanzu Istanbul) ga iyayen Girka na Cappadocian, iyalinsa sun zo Amurka a 1913. Bayan ya halarci Kwalejin Williams sannan kuma Makarantar Wasan kwaikwayo ta Yale, ya yi aiki na sana'a na tsawon shekaru takwas, daga baya ya shiga Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na rukuni a 1932, kuma ya kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo a 1947. Tare da Robert Lewis da Cheryl Crawford, ɗakin wasan kwaikwayo na 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ya gabatar da "Method Acting" a karkashin jagorancin Lee Strasberg. Kazan ta yi aiki a cikin 'yan fina-finai, ciki har da City for Conquest (1940). [2]
Fim dinsa sun damu da batutuwan kansa ko zamantakewa na musamman a gare shi. Kazan ya rubuta, "Ba na motsawa sai dai idan ina da tausayi ga ainihin taken. " [1] Fim dinsa na farko shi ne Gentleman's Agreement (1947), tare da Gregory Peck, wanda ke hulɗa da adawa da Yahudawa a Amurka. Ya sami gabatarwa ta Oscar takwas da nasara uku, gami da Kazan ta farko don Darakta Mafi Kyawu. Pinky (1949), daya daga cikin fina-finai na farko a cikin Hollywood don magance nuna bambancin launin fata ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), wani gyare-gyare na wasan kwaikwayo wanda shi ma ya ba da umarni, ya sami gabatarwa goma sha biyu na Oscar, ya lashe hudu, kuma shine rawar da Marlon Brando ya taka. Shekaru uku bayan haka, ya sake ba da umarnin Brando a cikin On the Waterfront, fim game da cin hanci da rashawa a tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York. Har ila yau, ta sami gabatarwa goma sha biyu na Oscar, ta lashe takwas. A shekara ta 1955, ya jagoranci John Steinbeck's East of Eden, tare da James Dean .
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kazan an haife shi Elias Kazantzoglou a cikin gundumar Kadıköy na Constantinople (yanzu Istanbul), ga iyayen Girkanci na Kappadocia, asalin su daga Kayseri a Anatolia; Sunan mahaifiyar ya fito ne daga Turkiyya Kazancı (Ottoman Turkish: قزانجی), ma'ana "mai yin tukunya". Ya isa Amurka tare da iyayensa, Athena (née Shishmanoglou) da George Kazantzoglou, a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1913. [3][4] An sanya masa suna ne bayan kakan mahaifinsa, Elias Kazantzoglou . Kakan mahaifiyarsa shi ne Isaak Shishmanoglou . An haifi ɗan'uwan Elia, Avraam, a Berlin kuma daga baya ya zama likitan kwakwalwa. :21
Kazan ya girma a cikin Cocin Orthodox na Girka kuma ya halarci hidimar Orthodox na Girca kowace Lahadi, inda ya tsaya na sa'o'i da yawa tare da mahaifinsa. Mahaifiyarsa ta karanta Littafi Mai-Tsarki amma ba ta je coci ba. Lokacin da Kazan ke da shekaru takwas, iyalin suka koma New Rochelle, New York, kuma mahaifinsa ya tura shi makarantar Katolika saboda babu cocin Orthodox a kusa.[5] Lokacin da ya sadu da mai shirya fina-finai na Turkiyya Yılmaz Güney, an bayyana cewa ya ci gaba da yin amfani da Harshen Turkiyya tun yana yaro.[6]
Yayinda yake ƙarami, ana tunawa da shi a matsayin mai jin kunya, kuma abokan karatunsa na kwaleji sun nuna shi a matsayin wanda yake kaɗaici. Yawancin rayuwarsa ta farko an nuna shi a cikin littafin tarihin kansa, America America, wanda ya sanya shi Fim na 1963. A ciki, ya bayyana iyalinsa a matsayin "baƙi" daga dabi'un Orthodox na Girka da kuma na "mafi yawan Amurka". : 23 Iyalin mahaifiyarsa 'yan kasuwa ne na auduga waɗanda suka shigo da auduga daga Ingila kuma suka sayar da shi da yawa. Mahaifinsa ya zama mai sayar da takalma bayan ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka, kuma yana sa ran ɗansa zai taɓa karɓar kasuwancin iyali.[7]
Kazan ya zama sananne a matsayin "darakta na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo" saboda ya sami damar samun wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayon a cikin ayyukan yawancin taurarinsa. A karkashin jagorancinsa, 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sun sami zabuka 24 na Kwalejin Kwalejin kuma sun lashe Oscars tara. Ya lashe gasar a matsayin Darakta Mafi Kyawu don Yarjejeniyar Gentleman (1947) da kuma On the Waterfront (1954). Dukansu A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) da On the Waterfront an zabi su don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin goma sha biyu, bi da bi sun lashe hudu da takwas. Tare da shekaru da yawa tare da Group Theatre and Actors Studio a Birnin New York kuma daga baya ya yi nasara a Broadway, ya zama sananne "saboda iko da tsananin wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo". Ya kasance babban mutum a cikin ƙaddamar da ayyukan fim na Marlon Brando, James Dean, Julie Harris, Eli Wallach, Eva Marie Saint, Warren Beatty, Lee Remick, Karl Malden, da sauransu da yawa. Bakwai daga cikin fina-finai na Kazan sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin 20. Dustin Hoffman ya yi sharhi cewa "ya yi shakkar ko shi, Robert De Niro, ko Al Pacino, zai zama 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ba tare da tasirin Mista Kazan ba".
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Later in his life, he was known in Greece as Ελία Καζάν el—a transcription of his English name.[1]
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- ↑ "Ελία Καζάν, 28 Σεπτεμβρίου 2003". ert.gr (in Girkanci). 2023-09-28.
- ↑ Dictionary.com – Kazan
- ↑ "Elia Kazan's Granddaughter, Zoe Kazan Among NY Times Magazine's Best Performers of 2020". The National Herald. December 14, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
- ↑ Stein, Harry (March 23, 2023). "Justice to Elia Kazan". City Journal. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ↑ Ciment 1974.
- ↑ Dictionary.com – Kazan
- ↑ Johnson, Pamela J. (January 1, 2006). "A Great Filmmaker and a Complex Man". USC Dornsife.