Epiphanius na Salamis
Epiphanius of Salamis (Ancient Greek: Ἐπιφάνιος; c. 310–320 – 403) was the bishop of Salamis, Cyprus, at the end of the 4th century. He is considered a saint and a Church Father by the Eastern Orthodox, Catholic Churches, and some Presbyterians. He gained a reputation as a strong defender of orthodoxy. He is best known for composing the Panarion, a compendium of eighty heresies, which also included pagan religions and philosophical systems. There has been much controversy over how many of the quotations attributed to him by the Byzantine Iconoclasts were actually by him. Regardless of this, he was clearly strongly against some contemporary uses of images in the church.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Epiphanius an haife shi ne a cikin iyalin Kirista na Romaniote ko kuma ya zama Kirista a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. Ko ta yaya, shi Bayahude ne na Romaniote wanda aka haife shi a cikin ƙaramin ƙauyen Besanduk, kusa da Eleutheropolis (Beit Guvrin na zamani a Isra'ila), kuma ya zauna a matsayin ɗan majami'a a Misira, inda ya sami ilimi kuma ya sadu da Ƙungiyoyin Valentinian. Ya koma Roman Palestine a kusa da 333, lokacin da yake saurayi, kuma ya kafa gidan ibada a Ad kusa da Eleutheropolis, [1] wanda aka ambata sau da yawa a cikin jayayya na Jerome tare da Rufinus da Yahaya, Bishop na Urushalima . An nada shi firist, kuma ya rayu kuma ya yi karatu a matsayin babba na gidan ibada a Ad, wanda ya kafa, na tsawon shekaru taLatin kuma ya sami ƙwarewa da ilimi da yawa a wannan matsayi. A wannan matsayi ya sami damar yin magana a cikin harsuna da yawa, gami da Ibrananci, Syriac, Masarawa, Girkanci, da Latin, kuma Jerome ya kira shi a kan wannan asusun Pentaglosses ("Harshe biyar"). [2]
Rikici da mutuwar asalin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin ziyarar da ya kai Falasdinu a cikin 394 ko 395, yayin da yake wa'azi a Urushalima, ya kai hari ga mabiyan Origen kuma ya bukaci Bishop na Urushalima. Ya bukaci Yahaya na II hankali game da "laifin" siffofi a cikin majami'u. Ya lura cewa lokacin da yake tafiya a Falasdinu ya shiga coci don yin addu'a kuma ya ga labule tare da hoton Kristi ko wani saint wanda ya rushe. Ya gaya wa Bishop John cewa irin waɗannan hotuna sun kasance "masu adawa da ... addininmu". Wannan taron ya shuka tsaba na rikici wanda ya ɓarke a cikin jayayya tsakanin Rufinus da Yahaya da Jerome da Epiphanius. Epiphanius ya kara wannan rikici ta hanyar sanya firist a gidan ibada na Jerome a Baitalami, don haka ya mamaye ikon Yahaya. Wannan takaddamar ta ci gaba a cikin 390s, musamman a cikin ayyukan wallafe-wallafen da Rufinus da Jerome suka yi wa juna hari.
A cikin shekara ta 399, jayayya ta ɗauki wani bangare, lokacin da Bishop na Iskandariya, Theophilus, wanda ya fara tallafawa Yahaya, ya canza ra'ayinsa kuma ya fara tsananta wa 'yan majami'ar Origenist a Misira. A sakamakon wannan tsanantawa, hudu daga cikin wadannan 'yan majami'a, wadanda ake kira Tall Brothers, sun gudu zuwa Falasdinu, sannan suka yi tafiya zuwa Constantinople, suna neman tallafi da yada gardamar. John Chrysostom, Bishop na Constantinople, ya ba da mafaka ga 'yan majami'a, inda suka yi kira ga Sarkin sarakuna. Theophilus ya ga damar da ya samu na amfani da wannan taron don kawo Chrysostom, wanda ya kasance abokin gaba: A cikin 402 ya kira majalisa a Constantinople, kuma ya gayyaci waɗanda ke goyon bayan ra'ayoyinsa na adawa da Origenist. Epiphanius, a wannan lokacin kusan 80, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka kira, kuma ya fara tafiya zuwa Constantinople. Koyaya, lokacin da ya fahimci cewa Theophilus yana amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki a kan Chrysostom, Epiphanius ya fara komawa Salamis, kuma ya mutu a kan hanyar komawa gida a cikin 403.