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Ergosterol

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Ergosterol
type of chemical entity (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare naergostane steroid (en) Fassara
Sinadaran dabaraC₂₈H₄₄O
Canonical SMILES (en) FassaraCC(C)C(C)C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C
Isomeric SMILES (en) FassaraC[C@H](/C=C/[C@H](C)C(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3C2=CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C
Medical condition treated (en) Fassarahypoparathyroidism (en) Fassara da familial hypophosphatemia (en) Fassara
Subject has role (en) Fassaraprovitamin (en) Fassara

Ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol) wani mycosterol ne da ake samu a cikin membranes na ƙwayoyin fungi da protozoa, yana yin ayyuka iri ɗaya da cholesterol ke yi a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi . Saboda yawancin fungi da protozoa ba za su iya rayuwa ba tare da ergosterol ba, enzymes da ke haɗa shi sun zama mahimman abubuwan da ake sa ran gano magunguna . A cikin abinci mai gina jiki na ɗan adam, ergosterol wani nau'in provitamin ne na bitamin <sub id="mwEw">D2</sub> ; fallasa ga hasken ultraviolet (UV) yana haifar da amsawar sinadarai wanda ke samar da bitamin <sub id="mwFg">D2</sub> .

Matsayi a cikin fungi

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Ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol) wani sinadari ne da ake samu a cikin fungi, kuma an sanya masa suna bayan ergot, sunan da aka saba amfani da shi na membobin halittar fungi Claviceps wanda aka fara ware ergosterol. Ergosterol wani bangare ne na yisti da sauran membranes na fungi, yana aiki da ayyuka iri daya da cholesterol ke yi a cikin kwayoyin halittar dabbobi. [1] Ana tsammanin takamaimansa a cikin fungi mafi girma yana da alaƙa da rashin kwanciyar hankali na yanayi (yanayin danshi da danshi daban-daban) da waɗannan halittu ke fuskanta a cikin wuraren da suka saba da muhalli (surface na shuka da dabbobi, ƙasa). Don haka, duk da ƙarin buƙatun kuzari na haɗa ergosterol (idan aka kwatanta da cholesterol), ana tsammanin ergosterol ya samo asali ne a matsayin madadin fungi kusan ko'ina, mai fa'ida ga juyin halitta ga cholesterol. [2] Wannan fa'idar za a iya danganta ta da kasancewar haɗin gwiwa biyu masu haɗin gwiwa a cikin tsarin (zoben B) na ergosterol wanda ke ba shi kaddarorin antioxidant. [3] Bugu da ƙari, tsarin ergosterol ya bayyana an daidaita shi sosai don samun kyakkyawar hulɗa da kitse mai cike da kitse. [4]

Halittar Halitta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Abin da ke haifar da ergosterol a cikin yisti shine ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3β-ol. Ɗaya daga cikin haɗin gwiwa biyu yana raguwa ta hanyar enzyme Δ24 <sup id="mwNQ">(24 <sup id="mwNg">1</sup> )</sup> -sterol reductase, wanda ke amfani da nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) a matsayin cofactor . [5]Page Samfuri:Chemical reaction/styles.css has no content. 

A matsayin tushen bitamin D2

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Ergosterol wani abu ne da ke samar da sinadarin bitamin <sub id="mwRA">D2</sub> a cikin jiki, wanda sunansa sinadarai shine ergocalciferol . Fuskantar farin namomin kaza ga hasken UV-C yana haifar da ƙaruwar yawan bitamin D2 a cikin namomin kaza bisa ga lokaci. [6] [7] Ana noma namomin kaza a masana'antu don ba da damar fitar da ergosterol da shirya su a matsayin foda don siyarwa a matsayin ƙarin bitamin D2 da ƙarin abinci .

Shirye-shiryen ergosterol mai haske wanda ke ɗauke da cakuda previtamin da bitamin D 2 an kira su viosterol a cikin shekarun 1930. [8]

Maganin magungunan antifungal

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Saboda ergosterol yana cikin membranes na ƙwayoyin fungi, amma babu shi a cikin na dabbobi, yana da amfani wajen maganin fungi . Haka kuma Ergosterol yana cikin membranes na wasu protists, kamar trypanosomes . [9] Wannan shine tushen amfani da wasu magungunan fungi don magance cututtukan barci na Yammacin Afirka.

Amphotericin B, wani maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, yana kai hari ga ergosterol. Yana ɗaurewa da ergosterol a cikin membrane, don haka yana ƙirƙirar ramin polarity a cikin membranes na fungal. Wannan yana sa ions (yawanci potassium da protons ) da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta su zube, wanda zai kashe tantanin halitta. [10] An maye gurbin Amphotericin B da sinadarai mafi aminci a mafi yawan yanayi, amma har yanzu ana amfani da shi, duk da illolinsa, don kamuwa da cututtukan fungal ko protozoan masu barazana ga rayuwa.

Fluconazole, miconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, da myclobutanil suna aiki ta wata hanya daban, suna hana haɗa ergosterol daga lanosterol ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da 14α-demethylase . [11] Ergosterol ƙaramin ƙwayar halitta ce fiye da lanosterol; ana haɗa ta ta hanyar haɗa ƙwayoyin farnesyl pyrophosphate guda biyu, terpenoid mai tsawon carbon 15, zuwa lanosterol, wanda ke da carbon 30. Sannan, ana cire ƙungiyoyin methyl guda biyu, suna yin ergosterol. Ajin "azole" na magungunan antifungal yana hana enzyme wanda ke yin waɗannan matakan demethylation a cikin hanyar biosynthetic tsakanin lanosterol da ergosterol. [11]

Manufofin magungunan antiprotozoal

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Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, ciki har da Trichomonas da Leishmania, ana hana su ta hanyar magunguna waɗanda ke kai hari ga haɗakar ergosterol da aiki [12]

Tsaro

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Fodar Ergosterol wani abu ne da ke haifar da ƙaiƙayi ga fata, idanu, da hanyoyin numfashi. Cin abinci na iya haifar da ƙaiƙayi a cikin hanji tare da amai, tashin zuciya, da gudawa. [13]

Guba

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ergosterol da kansa ba shi da wani sinadarin bitamin D kuma baya haifar da guba ta wannan hanyar. An ƙara Ergosterol a cikin abincin bera da kashi 1% na nauyin busasshiyar abinci, bai haifar da illa mai guba ba. [14] Ba a rarraba Ergosterol a ƙarƙashin GHS [15] ko REACH ba. [16]

Takardun bayanai na aminci na ergosterol galibi suna rikitar da shi da ergocalciferol (bitamin D 2 ), [lower-alpha 1] wanda saboda kasancewar aikin bitamin D yana da haɗari a cikin ƙananan adadi, yana iya haifar da hypercalcemia ta hanyar gubar Vitamin D. An danganta shari'o'in guba na tarihi da ergosterol mai haske, wanda ya ƙunshi bitamin D 2 ban da ergosterol. Waɗannan ba su zama shaida na gubar ergosterol ba. [19]

Metabolism

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana canza Ergosterol zuwa brassicasterol a cikin hanta mai shayarwa ta hanyar DHCR7, enzyme wanda ke da alhakin samar da 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3 ) daga cholesterol. A nan enzyme ɗin yana haɓaka amsawar da ta yi kama da baya ga samar da provitamin D3 . [14]

Idan aka ƙara Ergosterol a cikin abincin bera mai yawan kitse, mai yawan sukari (HFHS) a cikin babban adadin 1%, yana ƙara yawan bitamin D2 a cikin jini da kimanin 4. ng/mL, wanda ke nuna cewa ergosterol da ke shiga fatar dabbobi masu shayarwa ana canza shi zuwa D2 lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga haske. [14] Wannan maganin ya yi daidai da kwata-kwata na matakan jini na D3 kuma ya raba matakan jini na 25-OH D3 . [14] A wannan adadin, ergosterol yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan metabolism na sterol. Yana daidaita alamun jini gaba ɗaya da suka shafi metabolism na bile acid zuwa matakan sarrafawa idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar da ke ciyar da abincin HFHS kawai. Ya nuna ma'auni mai mahimmanci (amma bai isa ya daidaita) matakan LDL-C da TBA ba. [14]

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Namomin kaza da bitamin D

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ The SDS that correctly identify this issue are already cited before. The MSDS for ergosterol from Fisher Scientific includes a misleading but correct note that "Ingestion of large amounts of vitamin D may result in . [...] Prolonged hypercalcemia may result in a deposition of calcium salts in the soft tissues, most significantly the kidney." but it does not make the claim of ergosterol having a vitamin D activity at any point.[13] The MSDS from Cayman Chem reports an unreasonably low oral LD50 of 10 mg/kg, which is not possible giving the rat feeding stufy quoted.[17] More reputable sources such as Sigma-Alderich generally report the oral LD50 of ergocalciferol at 10 mg/kg, which is strongly suggestive of confusion.[18]

Samfuri:VitaminsSamfuri:Cholesterol and steroid intermediatesSamfuri:Phytosterols

  1. ↑ Weete JD, Abril M, Blackwell M (May 2010). "Phylogenetic distribution of fungal sterols". PLOS ONE. 5 (5). Bibcode:2010PLoSO...510899W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010899. PMC 2878339. PMID 20526375.
  2. ↑ Dupont S, Lemetais G, Ferreira T, Cayot P, Gervais P, Beney L (September 2012). "Ergosterol biosynthesis: a fungal pathway for life on land?". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 66 (9): 2961–2968. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01667.x. PMID 22946816.
  3. ↑ Dupont S, Fleurat-Lessard P, Cruz RG, Lafarge C, Grangeteau C, Yahou F, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Abrahão Júnior O, Gervais P, Simon-Plas F, Cayot P, Beney L (June 2021). "Antioxidant Properties of Ergosterol and Its Role in Yeast Resistance to Oxidation". Antioxidants. 10 (7): 1024. doi:10.3390/antiox10071024. PMC 8300696 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34202105 Check |pmid= value (help).
  4. ↑ Juarez-Contreras, Israel; Lopes, Laura J. S.; Holt, Jamie; Yu-Liao, Lorena; O'Shea, Katherine; Ruiz-Ruiz, Jose; Sodt, Alexander; Budin, Itay (2025-04-23). "Structural dissection of ergosterol metabolism reveals a pathway optimized for membrane phase separation". Science Advances. 11 (17). Bibcode:2025SciA...11.7190J. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adu7190. PMC 12017304 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 40267201 Check |pmid= value (help).
  5. ↑ Zweytick D, Hrastnik C, Kohlwein SD, Daum G (2000). "Biochemical characterization and subcellular localization of the sterol C-24(28) reductase, erg4p, from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae". FEBS Lett. 470 (1): 83–7. Bibcode:2000FEBSL.470...83Z. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01290-4. PMID 10722850.
  6. ↑ Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong SC, Song CH, Cho KY, Pang G (April 2009). "Vitamin D2 formation and bioavailability from Agaricus bisporus button mushrooms treated with ultraviolet irradiation". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 57 (8): 3351–3355. Bibcode:2009JAFC...57.3351K. doi:10.1021/jf803908q. PMID 19281276.
  7. ↑ Haytowitz, DB. "Vitamin D in mushrooms" (PDF). US Department of Agriculture. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-05-12. Retrieved 2014-08-23.
  8. ↑ Science Service (1930). "Viosterol official name for irradiated ergosterol". Journal of Chemical Education. 7 (1): 166. Bibcode:1930JChEd...7..166S. doi:10.1021/ed007p166.
  9. ↑ Roberts CW, McLeod R, Rice DW, Ginger M, Chance ML, Goad LJ (February 2003). "Fatty acid and sterol metabolism: potential antimicrobial targets in apicomplexan and trypanosomatid parasitic protozoa". Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 126 (2): 129–142. doi:10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00280-3. PMID 12615312.
  10. ↑ Ellis D (February 2002). "Amphotericin B: spectrum and resistance". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 49 (Suppl 1): 7–10. doi:10.1093/jac/49.suppl_1.7. PMID 11801575.
  11. 1 2 Lv QZ, Yan L, Jiang YY (August 2016). "The synthesis, regulation, and functions of sterols in Candida albicans: Well-known but still lots to learn". Virulence. 7 (6): 649–659. doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1188236. PMC 4991322. PMID 27221657.
  12. ↑ Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Tur-Tur C, Giusiano G, Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Jauregizar N, Quindós G (April 2013). "Sertaconazole: an antifungal agent for the topical treatment of superficial candidiasis". Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 11 (4): 347–358. doi:10.1586/eri.13.17. PMID 23566144. S2CID 24585556. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  13. 1 2 "Material Safety Data Sheet for Ergosterol". Fisher Scientific. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Kuwabara, Naoko; Sato, Shinji; Nakagawa, Saori (1 December 2023). "Effects of Long-Term High-Ergosterol Intake on the Cholesterol and Vitamin D Biosynthetic Pathways of Rats Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet". Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 46 (12): 1683–1691. doi:10.1248/bpb.b23-00348. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "bigrat" defined multiple times with different content.
  15. ↑ "Ergosterol, Safety data sheet acc. to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH)" (PDF). Carl Roth/Astech. 2022-08-19. Retrieved 28 January 2026.
  16. ↑ Sigma-Aldrich (October 2022). "Ergosterol, according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, Version 6.3".
  17. ↑ Cayman Chemical (July 2023). "Ergosterol, Safety Data Sheet acc. to OSHA HCS" (PDF).
  18. ↑ Sigma-Aldrich (December 2025). "Ergocalciferol, according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, as amended by Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/878, Version 7.1".
  19. ↑ Tumulty, Philip A.; Howard, John Eager (16 May 1942). "IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL POISONING: REPORT OF TWO CASES". Journal of the American Medical Association. 119 (3): 233. doi:10.1001/jama.1942.02830200001001.
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