Etta Baker
 Etta Baker | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Caldwell County (en)  , 31 ga Maris, 1913 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Ƙabila | Afirkawan Amurka |
| Mutuwa |
Fairfax (mul) , 23 Satumba 2006 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
mawaƙi, banjoist (en) da guitarist (en) |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
| Kayan kida |
banjo (en) Jita |
| Jadawalin Kiɗa |
Rounder Records (mul) |
Etta Baker (Maris 31, 1913 - Satumba 23, 2006) ta kasance mawaƙiya kuma mawaƙiya 'yar asalin Amurka ta Piedmont blues daga North Carolina .
Rayuwar farko da aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Etta [1] a gundumar [2] [3] , ' yar asalin [4]
Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Keysville, Virginia, a shekarar 1916. [5] Akwai yara takwas na Reid, 'yan mata huɗu da maza huɗu. Duk sai ɗaya suka tsira har suka girma. Kowanne daga cikin 'yan'uwanta yana buga kayan kida. Lokaci-lokaci, Baker, mahaifinta, da 'yar'uwarta, Cora, suna yin wasa tare a rawa a daren Asabar. [6] Boone Reid ta yi aiki a jere a shekarun 1910 da 1920, lokaci-lokaci tana ɗaukar aiki a masana'antu da wuraren jigilar jiragen ruwa a wasu jihohi. Sauran iyalin sun zauna tare da wani kawu. Lokacin da Etta Reid ta kai shekara 14, dukkan iyalin suna aiki a gonar taba a kudancin Virginia, wanda ke nufin suna tare. Ta daina makaranta bayan aji goma. [5]
An fara yin rikodin Baker a lokacin bazara na 1956, bayan da ita da mahaifinta suka haɗu da mawaƙin Paul Clayton yayin da suke ziyartar gidan Cone, a Blowing Rock, North Carolina, kusa da gidansu da ke Morganton. Mahaifin Baker ya roƙi Clayton da ya saurari 'yarsa tana buga alamarta "One Dime Blues". Clayton ya yi matuƙar farin ciki kuma ya isa gidan Baker da na'urar rikodinsa washegari, yana yin rikodin waƙoƙi da dama. Clayton ya yi rikodin waƙoƙin guitar guda biyar na Baker, waɗanda aka fitar a matsayin wani ɓangare na kundin waƙoƙin Instrumental Music of the Southern Appalachians na 1956, ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin banjo na Afirka ta Amurka da aka fitar a kasuwa. Ba a biya Baker kuɗi don waɗannan rikodin farko ba. Sai bayan da ta yi aiki da kamfanin Music Maker daga baya a rayuwata ne ta sami damar dawo da wannan waƙar.
Baker ta ce ta sami kwarin gwiwa wajen yin waƙoƙi ta hanyar mafarkinta, tana mai cewa "kamar haɗa wasanin gwada kalmomi ne". [2] Baker ya yi tasiri ga shahararrun mawakan kiɗa, ciki har da Bob Dylan, Taj Mahal, da Kenny Wayne Shepherd . [6]
Etta ta auri Lee Baker, wani mai buga piano, a shekarar 1936 bayan sun shafe shekaru shida suna soyayya. Suna da 'ya'ya tara, daya daga cikinsu an kashe shi a yakin Vietnam a shekarar 1967, a wannan shekarar ne mijinta ya mutu. Na tsawon lokaci bayan wadannan mutuwar, ta daina wasa, amma ta ga ta rasa ta'aziyyar da blues suka kawo mata. [5] Ta zauna a Morganton, North Carolina a karshe, kuma ta mutu tana da shekaru 93 a Fairfax, Virginia, yayin da take ziyartar 'yar da ta kamu da bugun jini.
Lambobin yabo da girmamawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Baker ta sami kyautar Tarihin Gadon Jama'a ta North Carolina daga Majalisar Fasaha ta North Carolina a shekarar 1989, wani tallafin karatu na kasa daga National Endowment for the Arts a shekarar 1991, [7] da kuma North Carolina Award a shekarar 2003. An zaɓe ta don kyaututtukan kiɗa na Blues da dama (wanda a da ake kira WC Handy Blues Awards): a cikin rukunin Traditional Blues Female Artist a shekarar 1987 da 1989, da kuma kundin wakokinta Railroad Bill a cikin rukunin Kundin Acoustic a shekarar 2000. [8] Tare da 'yar uwarta, Cora Phillips, ta sami kyautar Brown-Hudson Folklore Award daga North Carolina Folklore Society a shekarar 1982. [9]
Kundin Waƙoƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1956 : Kiɗan Kayan Kiɗa na Kudancin Appalachians ( Tarihin Al'ada ; an sake buga shi a 1997)
- 1991 : Blue Daya-Dime ( Mai Zagaye )
- 1998 : Tarin Banjo na North Carolina, masu fasaha daban-daban (Rounder)
- 1999 : Layin Jirgin Ƙasa ( Mai Ƙirƙirar Waƙa )
- 2004 : Etta Baker tare da Taj Mahal ( Mai Shirya Waƙa 50)
- 2005 : Carolina Breakdown, tare da Cora Phillips ( Mai Shirya Waƙa 56)
- 2006 : Knoxville Rag, tare da Kenny Wayne Shepherd, an fitar da shi a CD a matsayin 10 Days Out: Blues from the Backroads, tare da DVD da ke nuna Shepherd and Baker suna buga guitar a cikin ɗakin girkinta ( Reprise Records )
- 2009: "Banjo" ( Mai Shirya Waƙa )
- 2015: Sake Fitar da Vinyl na "Lambar Jirgin Ƙasa" ( Mai ƙera Waƙa )
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ name="npr">Coukell, Allan (March 16, 2005). "Etta Baker, Legend of Piedmont Blues". Npr.org. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Our State | Etta Baker, Blues Guitarist | Season 1000". Video.unctv.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-16. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "The Etta Baker Project". Ettabakerproject.com. Archived from the original on 2016-04-19. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
- ↑ "Etta Baker and Cora Phillips: Carolina Breakdown". CD Baby. Archived from the original on February 18, 2006. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Interview G-0253: Etta Baker, Southern Oral History Program Database". dc.lib.unc.edu. Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library, UNC-Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2016-04-05. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "oral" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Coukell, Allan (March 16, 2005). "Etta Baker, Legend of Piedmont Blues". Npr.org. Retrieved 2016-04-05.Coukell, Allan (March 16, 2005). "Etta Baker, Legend of Piedmont Blues". Npr.org. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ↑ "The Etta Baker Project". Ettabakerproject.com. Archived from the original on 2016-04-19. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
- ↑ "Award Winners and Nominees [search]". blues.org. The Blues Foundation. 2017. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
- ↑ "Etta Baker and Cora Phillips: Carolina Breakdown". CD Baby. Archived from the original on February 18, 2006. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Etta Baker at AllMusic
- Etta Baker discography at Discogs
- Etta Baker page from Music Maker Relief Foundation
- Etta Baker Project Site to "promote and preserve the rich musical legacy of Etta Baker". Information, links and guitar tabs.
- Etta Baker David Holt's memoirs of his mentor.
- "Music Maker Relief Foundation Biography page". Retrieved 2007-09-24.
- Obituary
- Etta Baker MP3s, from Music Maker Relief Foundation
- Live recording of "One Dime Blues," performed by Baker (track 7, recorded at the 1994 Florida Folk Festival and made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida)
- Etta Baker page from Lady Plays the Blues Project
