Euthenics

Euthenics
ƙunshiya
Bayanai
Fuskar	Lafiyar jama'a
Named by (en)	Ellen Swallow Richards
Has goal (en)	well-being (en)

Euthenics (/juːˈθɛnɪks/) shine nazarin inganta aiki ɗan adam da jin daɗi ta hanyar inganta Yanayin rayuwa. "Ingantawa" ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar canza abubuwan waje kamar ilimi da yanayin sarrafawa, gami da muhalli, ilimi game da aiki, tattalin arzikin gida, tsaftacewa, da gidaje, da rigakafi da cire cututtukan cututtuka masu yaduwa da kwayar cuta.

A cikin wata kasida ta New York Times mai kwanan wata 23 ga Mayu, 1926, Rose Field ya lura da bayanin, "rayuwa mafi sauki [shi ne] inganci".[is] An kuma bayyana shi a matsayin "dama ga muhalli", yawanci a matsayin nau'i biyu ga "dama na haihuwa" wanda ya dace da ikon eugenics.

Ya bambanta da eugenics, euthenics ba da gangan ba ya ƙoƙarin canza abun da ke cikin kwayar halitta ta mutum. Koyaya, ingantaccen ingancin rayuwar mutum, kamar kawar da cututtuka ko samun damar samun abinci mai gina jiki mai kyau, na iya samun tasiri na kai tsaye akan kwayoyin halittar yawan jama'a.

Magana

Kalmar ta samo asali ne a ƙarshen karni na 19 da kalmar Helenanci eutheneo, εὐθηνέω (eu, da kyau; tushen τίθημι tithemi, don haifar). (Don kasancewa a cikin yanayi mai tasowa, don yalwa, don bunƙasa. - Demosthenes. Don zama mai ƙarfi ko mai ƙarfi. - Herodotus. Don zama marar ƙarfi a jiki. - Aristotle.)

Har ila yau daga Girkanci Euthenia, Εὐθηνία . Kyakkyawan yanayin jiki: wadata, wadata mai kyau, wadata. - Herodotus .

Sabanin Euthenia shine Penia, Πενία ("rashin lafiya" ko "talauci") mutum ne na talauci da bukata.

Tarihi

Ellen Swallow Richards (1842-1911) na ɗaya daga cikin marubutan farko da suka yi amfani da kalmar, a cikin The Cost of Shelter (1905), tare da ma'anar "kimiyya ta rayuwa mafi kyau". Ba a san ko (kuma mai yiwuwa ba) kowane ɗayan shirye-shiryen nazarin euthenics ya taɓa rungumar ra'ayin Richards na fannoni da yawa, kodayake akwai wasu bambance-bambance a yau, musamman na hadin kai.

Cibiyar Kwalejin Vassar ta Euthenics

Bayan rasuwar Richards a 1911, Julia Lathrop (1858-1932) ta ci gaba da inganta ci gaban shirin hadin gwiwa a cikin euthenics a Kwalejin Vassar, wanda ita da Richards sun kasance tsofaffi. Ba da daɗewa ba Lathrop ta haɗu da tsohuwar Minnie Cumnock Blodgett (1862-1931), wanda tare da mijinta, John Wood Blodgett, ya ba da tallafin kuɗi don ƙirƙirar shirin euthenics a kwalejin. Shirye-shiryen karatun, wanda shugaban Vassar Henry Noble MacCracken ya ba da shawarar a 1922, ya fara da gaske a 1923, a karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Annie Louise Macleod, wanda ya zama mace ta farko ta PhD a Jami'ar McGill a 1910.

Dangane da shigarwar tarihin Vassar na ranar 17 ga Maris, 1924, "masu koyarwa sun amince da euthenics a matsayin filin da ya gamsar da karatu na tsari (babban). An ba da izinin Sashen Euthenics don bayar da Shirin da ya shafi fannoni da yawa [mai tsananin a lokacin] wanda ke mai da hankali kan dabarun da horo na zane-zane, kimiyya da kimiyyar zamantakewa sun zo kan rayuwar da alaƙar mata. Dalibai a cikin euthenics na iya ɗaukar darussan a cikin aikin lambu, ilmin abinci, ilimin zamantakewa da kididdiga, ilimin zamantakewar jama'a, ilimin lissafi, ilimin yara na farko, ilimin kimiyyar jama'a.[1]