Evagrius Ponticus
Evagrius Ponticus (Tsohon Girkanci: Εὐάγριος ὁ Ποντικός), wanda kuma ake kira Evagrius Solitary (345-399 AD), wani malamin addinin Kirista ne kuma mai son addini daga Heraclea, wani birni a bakin tekun Bithynia a Asiya Ƙarama. Ɗaya daga cikin malaman addini mafi tasiri a cocin ƙarshen ƙarni na huɗu, an san shi da mai tunani, mai magana mai kyau, kuma marubuci mai hazaka. Ya bar aikin coci mai ban sha'awa a Constantinople ya yi tafiya zuwa Urushalima, inda a shekara ta 383 AD ya zama malamin addini a gidan sufi na Rufinus da Melania Babba. Daga nan ya tafi Masar ya yi sauran shekarun rayuwarsa a Nitria da Kellia, waɗanda aka yi wa alama da shekaru na son addini da rubutu. Ya kasance almajirin wasu shugabannin cocin zamani masu tasiri, ciki har da Basil na Caesarea, Gregory na Nazianzus, da Macarius na Masar. Ya kasance malamin wasu, ciki har da John Cassian da Palladius na Galatiya [ana buƙatar hujja].
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai manyan tushe guda biyar na bayanai game da rayuwar Evagrius. Da farko, akwai labarin rayuwa a babi na 38 na Tarihin Lausiac na bishop Palladius na Helenopolis (c. 420); Palladium aboki ne kuma almajirin Evagrius, kuma ya shafe kimanin shekaru tara yana raba rayuwar Evagrius a cikin hamada. Abu na biyu, akwai wani babi game da Evagrius a cikin binciken da ba a san shi ba game da 'yan majami'ar Masar, wanda ya riga ya wuce Palladius, kuma shine labarin farko na tafiya da' yan majami'a bakwai suka dauka daga Falasdinu a cikin hunturu na 394-5 zuwa manyan wuraren monastic a Misira. Tushen karshe guda uku sun fi taƙaice kuma suna da bambanci: Evagrius yana cikin wasu littattafan Apophthegmata, da kuma tarihin coci na Socrates da Sozomen . ::11f
An haifi Evagrius a cikin dangin Kirista a ƙaramin garin Ibora, İverönü na zamani, Erbaa[1] a lardin Helenopontus na Romawa. Ya yi karatu a Neocaesarea, inda aka naɗa shi malami a ƙarƙashin Basil Mai Girma. A kusan shekara ta 380 ya haɗu da Gregory na Nazianzus a Constantinople, inda aka naɗa Gregory a matsayin bishop, kuma aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa diakoni. Ya ci gaba da zama a Constantinople bayan Gregory ya tafi a watan Yuli na 381, kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama babban diakoni. Lokacin da Sarki Theodosius na ɗaya ya kira Majalisar Ecumenical ta Biyu a shekara ta 381, Evagrius yana nan, duk da cewa Gregory ya tafi da wuri. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]
Dangane da tarihin rayuwar da Palladius ya rubuta, Constantinople ya ba da abubuwan jan hankali da yawa na duniya, kuma girman kai na Evagrius ya haifar da yabo mai girma na takwarorinsa. Daga ƙarshe, ya zama mai sha'awar mace mai aure. A cikin wannan jaraba, an ce ya sami wahayin da sojojin gwamnan suka ɗaure shi bisa ga bukatar mijinta. Wannan wahayin, da gargadi na mala'ika mai kula, ya sa ya gudu daga babban birnin ya tafi Urushalima.[1]
A ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya zauna tare da Melania the Elder da Rufinus na Aquileia a wani gidan ibada kusa da Urushalima, amma har ma a can bai iya barin girman kai da girman kai ba. A bayyane yake ya kula da tufafinsa na musamman, kuma ya shafe yawancin lokacinsa yana tsami a titunan Babban Birni mai tsarki.[1] ::264 Ya yi rashin lafiya sosai kuma bayan da ya furta matsalolinsa ga Melania, kuma ya karɓi umarnin ta ya zama ɗan majami'a ne ya dawo da lafiya.[1] ::264 Bayan an sanya shi a matsayin ɗan majami'a a Urushalima a cikin 383, ya shiga ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masallatai a Nitria a Ƙananan Misira a cikin kusan 385, [1]::264 amma bayan wasu shekaru ya koma Kellia. A can ya shafe shekaru goma sha huɗu na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa yana bin karatu a ƙarƙashin Macarius na Iskandariya da Macarius Mai Girma (wanda ya kasance almajirin Anthony Mai Girma, kuma ya zauna a mulkin mallaka na Scetis, kimanin kilomita 25 daga nesa). [1] : 264 :264
Evagrius ya rayu rayuwa mai zaman kansa. Ya ci sau ɗaya kawai a rana kuma bai ci 'ya'yan itace, nama ko kayan lambu ko duk wani abinci da aka dafa ba. Ya kuma guji wanka. Evagrius bai yi barci fiye da 'yan sa'o'i ba a kowane dare kuma ya ba da lokaci mai yawa ga tunani da addu'a.[2]