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Falasdinawa masu asali da baƙar fata na Afrika

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Falasdinawa masu asali da kukkta
mutane
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Falasdinawa da Bakaken Mutane
Significant place (en) Fassara Gates of Al-Aqsa (en) Fassara, Beit Hanina (en) Fassara da At-Tur (en) Fassara
Cibiyar Ribat al-Mansuri ta Afirka, Tsohon Gari, Gabashin Jerusalem

Afro-Falasdinawa Falasdinawa ne na al'adun Bakar fata na Afirka . A cikin Zirin Gaza, an kiyasta kusan kashi 1% na mutanen [1], inda kusan 11,000 Afro-Falasdinawa ke zaune a gundumar Al Jalla'a Gaza [2] da kuma al'ummomi a wasu yankunan Urushalima kamar Beit Hanina da At-Tur . [3]

Ƙungiya ce da aka keɓe waɗanda ke fuskantar wariya sau biyu, duka biyun wariya daga hukumomin Isra'ila da wariyar launin fata a tsakanin al'ummomin Falasɗinawa.

Har ila yau kuma, akwai mazaunan Makiyaya da ke da layin da ke danganta su da mutanen Afirka [4] kamar a birnin Jericho na Yammacin Kogin Jordan . Fitattun 'yan Afro-Falasdinawa sun hada da tsohuwar jami'ar PLO Fatima Bernawi da jami'in PFLP Ali Jiddah. [5] [6]

Tarihi

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Fage

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A tarihi Falasdinu yanki ne da ke ƙarƙashin ikon ƙasashen waje. Daga Halifancin Rashidun na karni na 7 zuwa gaba, an kai bayi na Afirka zuwa yankin Halifanci daga Masar ta hanyar harajin bautar Baqt . A lokacin tsakiyar zamanai, an kai bayi na Afirka zuwa Halifancin Abbasiyawa ta hanyar cinikin bayi daga Afirka ta hanyar Bahar Maliya. A ƙarni na 9, an kiyasta cewa an sake tsugunar da wasu 'yan Afirka miliyan uku a matsayin bayi a Gabas ta Tsakiya, suna aiki a matsayin sojojin bayi da masu aikin bauta a cikin tattalin arziƙin noman kogi.

Akwai wasu al'ummomin Falasdinu da suka samo asali daga mahajjata daga Sudan da Afirka ta Tsakiya (mafi yawa Chadi ) waɗanda aka ce sun isa Falasdinu tun a ƙarni na 12. Manufarsu ta farko ita ce su halarci aikin hajji da isa Makka, bayan sun je birnin Kudus don ziyartar masallacin al-Aqsa . Kamar yadda rayuwar Mansa Musa sarkin daular Mali ta bayyana, yin aikin hajji da tubabbun 'yan Afirka zuwa Musulunci ya zama al'ada da aka kafa, duk da cewa aikin hajji na yau da kullum ya zama ruwan dare a karni na 15, yayin da addinin Musulunci ya bazu fiye da kunkuntar iyakokin kotunan sarki ga jama'a.

Yawancin 'yan Afro-Falasdinawa kuma sun fito ne daga kakanni waɗanda masu bautar Ottoman suka kawo su Palestine ta hanyar cinikin bayi na Trans-Sahara daga Masar da kuma cinikin bayi na Bahar Maliya, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa zamani. Jirgin bawa na ƙarshe na bayi na ’yan Afirka ya isa Haifa a ƙasar Falasdinu daga Masar a shekara ta 1876, bayan haka cinikin bayi ga Falasɗinu na Ottoman da alama ya daina. Bauta a Falasdinu sannu a hankali ya ragu a farkon ƙarni na 20, kuma a cikin ƙidayar shekarar 1905 ga Falasdinu mutane takwas ne kawai aka yiwa rajista a hukumance a matsayin bayi; [7] duk da haka wani rahoto ga Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Kwararru kan Bautar da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1934 ya yarda cewa har yanzu ana ajiye bayi a cikin Shaihun Larabawa na Badawiyya a Jordan da Falasdinu, kuma an ci gaba da bautar a karkashin sunan abokin ciniki.

Al'ummar Kudus na Afro-Falasdinawa, iyalai 50 yanzu adadinsu ya kai kimanin 350 (ko 450) mambobi, suna zaune a cikin mahalli biyu a wajen Haram ash-Sharīf (yamma da Ƙofar Inspector ): Ribat al-Mansuri da Ribat na Aladdin ( Ribat al-Basiria/Ribat AlBasiri/Ribat Aladdin). ad-Deen Busari ). [8] [9] An gina su ne a tsakanin shekara ta 1267 zuwa 1382 [9] kuma an yi su ne a matsayin ribat ( hostels na ziyarar alhazai musulmi) a qarqashin Mamluk . An kira wannan yanki na musamman da ƙaramin Harlem na Urushalima. A lokacin tawayen Larabawa na yakin duniya na daya, daular Ottoman sun mayar da mahallin zuwa gidajen yari - daya da aka sani da ' kurkukun jini' da ɗayan a matsayin " kurkukun rataye " - inda ake tsare fursunoni kuma aka kashe su. Al'umma sun sake fasalin wani bangare na wannan tsohon gidan yari don samar da masallaci. Har zuwa lokacin da Isra'ila ta fara mamayewa a 1967, suna aiki a matsayin masu gadi a Haram ash-Sharif, aikin da sojojin Isra'ila suka mamaye. [8]

Waɗannan suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud da al'ummomi iri ɗaya a Acre da Jericho, waɗanda aka kafa a lokacin bautar daular Umayyawa, lokacin da bayin Afirka suka zo aiki a masana'antar sukari ta Umayyad . [10] Al'ummar da ke arewacin Jericho sau da yawa ana kiransu "bayin Duyuk " har ma a zamanin yau. [11]

Mutanen da kakanninsu suka fito daga Najeriya da Sudan da Senegal da kuma Chadi su ne akasarin al'ummar kasar, kuma galibin waɗannan sun zo Falasdinu ne a lokacin da Birtaniyya ta wajabta . Da yawa, a cewar Abraham Milligram, sun zo ne a matsayin ƴan kwadago a lokacin yaƙin Janar Edmund Allenby na yaƙi da Turkawa a ƙarshen yakin duniya na ɗaya . Wata ƙungiya kuma ta gano zuriyarsu ga rundunar ceto ta Larabawa waɗanda suka yi yaki a bangaren Larabawa a yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila a 1948 . [12]

Zamanin zamani

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Kiristocin Afro-Falasdinawa a Yammacin Kogin Jordan

Bayan mulkin Ottoman, ribat ya zama wani ɓangare na amana na addini ( waqf ). Shugaban Falasdinawa kuma Mufti na Kudus Sheikh Amin al-Husseini ya yi hayar waɗannan gidaje ga Falasdinawa 'yan asalin Afirka, don godiya ga amincinsu a matsayin masu kare Masallacin al-Aqsa bayan daya daga cikin masu gadin Afirka, Jibril Tahruri, ya dauki harsashi a kan mufti. [13] Hayar ta rage na ƙima. [14] 'Yan Afro-Falasdinawa wadanda alakarsu da Kudus kafin 1947 sun sami kansu a daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fi fama da rikici a yankin. [9] Suna soyayya da birnin Kudus [15] kuma suna da alaka mai zurfi da Musulunci, [16] sun auri Palasdinawa kuma sun ci gaba da bayyana a matsayin Falasdinawa.

Falasdinawa na Afirka waɗanda yanzu ke zaune a wurare biyu kusa da masallacin al-Aqsa sun kira yankin gida tun a shekarar 1930. Sun fuskanci kyama, tare da wasu Larabawa Falasdinawa suna kiran su "bayi" ( abeed ) kuma unguwarsu a matsayin " kurkukun bayi " ( habs al-abeed ). A cikin harshen Larabci na Falasdinu, daidaitaccen amfani yana fifita kalmar sumr (launi mai duhu) fiye da sawd, wanda ke da ma'ana mara kyau. A cikin wata hira ta 1997, membobin al'umma sun bayyana asalinsu da "Sudan" a matsayin magana ga jumlar Larabci na "wurin mutanen Baƙar fata." A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, "al'ummar Afirka" ( al-jaliyya al-Afriqiyya ) ta zama mafi daidaito. [2]

Ali Jiddah, jagoran yawon buɗe ido, kuma tsohon mamba ne a jam'iyyar PFLP, ya bayyana cewa shi da kansa bai taba samun kyamar launin fatarsa daga Larabawa Falasdinu ba, yana mai da'awar cewa 'yan Afro-Palasdinawa suna da matsayi na musamman saboda irin gudunmawar da suke bayarwa ga gwagwarmayar Palasdinawa. Fatima Barnawi, 'yar asalin Najeriya da Falasdinu, ita ce Bafalasdine ta farko da aka kama bisa zargin ta'addanci da yunkurin tayar da bam a wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo a birnin Kudus a shekarar 1967. Ko da yake bam din ya kasa fashe, an yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru 30 a gidan yari, daga ƙarshe ta yi zaman goma kacal. [17] Jiddah ta sanya gurneti guda hudu a kan titin Strauss a wani harin 1968 a tsakiyar birnin Kudus, wanda ya raunata fararen hula Isra'ila tara. Shi ma ɗan uwansa Mahmoud ya kai irin wannan hari. Dukkan mutanen biyu sun yi shekaru 17 a gidan yari kafin a sake su a musayar fursunoni a shekarar 1985. [3]

Wani labari na shekarar 2018 kan Mohammad Obaid, dan wasan Dabke da aka kora daga gidan kakanninsa a Beersheba, ya bayyana wariyar launin fata da ya fuskanta a cikin al'ummomin Falasdinawa na Gazan, yana mai cewa dole ne ya zama "mafi kyawun rawa" kuma ya yi aiki sau biyu don shiga tawagarsa ta dabke. Obaid ya lura da karuwar nuna wariya daga 'yan sanda. A lokacin, akwai kimanin 11,000 'yan Afro-Falasdinawa da ke zaune a gundumar Al Jalla'a ta birnin Gaza, a wata unguwa da ake kira "Al Abeed", wanda ke nuni da tarihin bauta. [18]

A cewar Jiddah, duk wata wariyar launin fata daga Larabawa Falasdinu za a iya dorawa laifin jahilci, tana mai da'awar cewa ya fuskanci irin wannan kyama daga Isra'ilawa. 'yan Afro-Falasdinawa ana zalunta sau biyu, a matsayin Falasdinawa kuma saboda launin mu Isra'ilawa suna kiran mu ' kushis ." [17] A cikin 2022, an saki Mohammed Firawi daga kurkuku bayan shekaru biyar bisa zargin jifan 'yan sandan Isra'ila. Al'ummar ƙasar dai sun yi murnar komawar sa zuwa yankin Afirka, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin dalilin sake kama shi da kuma korar sa daga birnin Kudus na tsawon mako guda. [19]

'Yan Afro-Falasdinawa suma suna fuskantar cikas a tsarin tafiyar da katunan tantancewa. Qous (wanda kuma aka rubuta Qaws) ba ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba ne, ba zai iya neman fasfo na Chadi ba tare da ya ba da izinin zama na Kudus ba, kuma bai cancanci takardar Faransa ko Jordan ba. Bugu da kari, wuraren binciken ababan hawa sun karu a kusa da Bab al-Majlis kuma sun rufe unguwar yadda ya kamata. Sakamakon haka, al'umma na fuskantar tsangwama daga tsaro sannan kuma sun samu gagarumin asara ta fuskar tattalin arziki ba tare da zirga-zirgar yawon bude ido ba.[2]

Al'adu

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An kafa Ƙungiyar Al'ummar Afirka (ACS) a cikin shekarar 1983 a matsayin wani yanki na tsohuwar ƙungiyar jin daɗin Sudan, wadda ta wargaje bayan mamaye Isra'ila na Gabashin Kudus . ACS tana shirya ayyukan zamantakewa, wasanni, taimakon juna, da sauran hanyoyi don ƙarfafa Afro-Falasdinawa a Urushalima. [19]

Yayin da yawancin al'umma ke ƙaura zuwa bayan gari, haɗin gwiwa yana ƙarfafawa tare da Kiristocin Habasha da Baƙar fata Ibraniyawa . Kusan babu wata alaƙa da Yahudawan Habasha saboda hidimar da suke yi a rundunar tsaron Isra'ila . [2]

Bayan shekara ta 1948, musamman, baƙar fata mazan Palasdinawa sun auri matan da suka fito daga al'ummar fellahin talakawa, amma ba matan Badawiyya ba. A cewar Mousa Qous, darektan kungiyar al'ummar Afirka kuma tsohon memba na PFLP, "Wani lokaci idan Bafalasdine bakar fata yana son ya auri wata Bafalasdine farar fata, wasu daga cikin danginta na iya kin amincewa." Aure tsakanin ƙabilu da Bafalasdine ya zama ruwan dare a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. [12]

Ƙididdigar da aka yi a cikin shekarun 1920 ta nuna cewa yaren Afirka da aka fi magana da Afro-Falasdinawa a lokacin Palasdinawa na wajibi su ne Sudan da Abyssinian , korafe-korafen da ke da alaƙa da Larabci na Sudan ko na Nubian da aka la'akari da su gaba ɗaya, da kuma Amharic bi da bi.

Duba kuma

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  • Jericho, tare da ɗimbin yawan al'ummar Falasdinawa baƙar fata
  • Hadin kan Bakar fata-Palasdinu

Bayanan kula

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ambato

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  1. ↑ Mukasa, Lyndon (2024-04-15). "Afro-Palestinians: the untold story of a community caught in Gaza's crossfire". Voice Online (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Teller, Matthew (Spring 2022). "The Dom and the African Palestinians: Platforming Two Marginalized Jerusalem Communities". Jerusalem Quarterly (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 2024-04-29. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  3. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named BenZion
  4. ↑ "The Black Diaspora in Israel, 1965 to 2011 •" (in Turanci). 2011-12-14. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
  5. ↑ "First Palestinian woman jailed by Israel dies". Middle East Monitor. 2022-11-04. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
  6. ↑ Murphy, Maureen Clare (2015-07-10). "African-Palestinian community's deep roots in liberation struggle". The Electronic Intifada (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-01-27.
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Buessow 2020
  8. 1 2 Sarah Irving, Palestine, Bradt Guides, 2012 ISBN 978-1-841-62367-2 p.94
  9. 1 2 3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Baker
  10. ↑ "Enslaved People's work on sugar plantations – The Saint Lauretia Project" (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
  11. ↑ Qous, Yasser. "The Africans of Jerusalem: alienation and counter-alienation". Goethe-Institut Cairo/Perpectives (in Turanci). Chris Somes-Charlton. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  12. 1 2 Kushkush, Isma'il (2017-01-12). "'Afro-Palestinians' forge a unique identity in Israel". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 2021-06-16. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ "Nominal leases | Tax Guidance | Tolley". www.lexisnexis.co.uk. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
  14. ↑ Miller, Daniel. "The history of 'Israel' and 'Palestine': Alternative names, competing claims". The Conversation (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
  15. ↑ "Falling in love with Jerusalem". The Jerusalem Post (in Turanci). ISSN 0792-822X. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
  16. ↑ "Islamic world - Islamic history from 1683 to the present: reform, dependency, and recovery | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
  17. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Love
  18. ↑ Alnaouq, Ahmed (2018-11-01). "Black Palestinians face subtle racism in Gaza". Gulf News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-05-31.
  19. 1 2 Qous, Mousa (2022-08-08). "In the heart of the Old City, generations of Afro-Palestinians persevere in the face of occupation". Skin Deep (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-10. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
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