Fanagoria

(Girkanci na dā: Φαναγό Barney, Phanagóreia; Rasha: Фанагория, romaniised: ) ita ce birni mafi girma na Girka a kan tsibirin Taman, ya bazu a kan tsaunuka biyu a gabashin gabar Bosporus na Cimmerian .

Birnin ya kasance babban wurin shakatawa ga duk zirga-zirga tsakanin bakin tekun marshes na Maeotian da ƙasashe a kudancin Caucasus. Shi ne babban birnin gabashin Masarautar Bosporan, tare da Panticapaeum zama babban birnin yamma. Strabo ya bayyana shi a matsayin birni mai ban sha'awa wanda aka san shi da sana'arsa. Ya kasance a takaice Katolika Metropolitan Archdiocese yayin da mulkin mallaka na Genoese na zamani a ƙarƙashin sunan Matrega, ya kasance mai suna Latin Catholic.

A yau shafin yana da ɗan gajeren nesa zuwa yammacin Krasnodar Krai">Sennoy a Krasnodar Krai, Rasha. Wani birni na tsohuwar Girka, Hermonassa, yana da nisan kilomita 25 (16 zuwa yamma, a bakin tekun Taman na zamani.

Tarihi

Tsohon zamani

An kafa Phanagoria ca. 543 KZ ta masu mulkin mallaka na Teian waɗanda suka gudu daga Asiya Ƙananan sakamakon rikice-rikice da Sarkin Farisa Cyrus Mai Girma. Birnin ya ɗauki sunansa bayan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan masu mulkin mallaka, Phanagoras . "Halin da ba a saba gani ba na yankin Taman kusa da Phanagoria, tare da raƙumansa, raguwa, tuddai, da ƙananan tsaunuka masu fashewa, dole ne su burge masu mulkin mallaka na dā fiye da yadda ya burge mu a yau", masanin tarihi Yulia Ustinova ya lura.

A cikin karni na 5 BC, garin ya bunƙasa a kan kasuwanci tare da Scythians da Sindi. Da yake a kan tsibirin a cikin tsohuwar tsibirin Corocondamitis, tsakanin Tekun Baƙi da Palus Maeotis, Phanagoria ta rufe yanki na hekta 75 (190 acres) wanda kashi ɗaya bisa uku ya nutse da teku. A farkon karni na 4 BC Masarautar Bosporan mai tasowa ta mamaye yawancin Sindica, gami da polis mai zaman kanta na Phanagoria. Muhimmancin garin ya karu tare da faduwar tsohon babban birnin, Panticapaeum, wanda ke gefen gefen Crimean, ko Cimmerian Bosporus. A ƙarni na farko AD, Phanagoria ta fito a matsayin babban cibiyar masarautar. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[citation needed]}

A lokacin Yaƙe-yaƙe na Mithridatic, garin ya haɗa kai da Jamhuriyar Roma kuma ya tsayayya da kewaye da sojojin Pharnaces II na Pontus. A Phanagoria ne aka tashi da tayar da kayar baya a kan Mithridates VI na Pontus, jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa; kuma 'ya'yansa maza, wadanda ke riƙe da birni, an tilasta su mika wuya ga masu tayar da hankali. Wani rubutun da aka samu a lokacin tonowa ya ba da shaida cewa Sarauniya Dynamis ta girmama Augustus a matsayin "sarkin sarakuna, Kaisar, ɗan allah, allahn Augustus, mai kula da kowace ƙasa da teku". Aminci ga Roma ya ba da damar Phanagoria ta ci gaba da matsayi mai girma a yankin har zuwa karni na 4, lokacin da Huns masu mamayewa suka kori shi kuma suka lalata shi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[citation needed]}

Zamanin Tsakiya

A karni na 7, garin ya farfado daga ƙarni na mamayewa daga mutanen da ke cikin tsaunuka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban birnin Tsohon Babban Bulgaria tsakanin 632 da 665 a ƙarƙashin Kubrat . [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[citation needed]}

Bayan haka Phanagoria ya zama (akalla a cikin suna) dogara ga Byzantine. Duk da haka, Khazar tudun ya kasance a cikin garin kuma ikon da ya dace ya kasance a hannun Khazar har zuwa nasarar da aka yi wa Georgius Tzul a cikin 1016. A cikin 704, sarkin Byzantine da aka tsige Justinian II ya zauna a Phanagoria (wanda Khazar tudun Balgatzin ke mulki a lokacin) tare da matarsa Theodora, 'yar'uwar Khazar Khagan Busir Glavan, kafin ya koma Constantinople ta hanyar Bulgaria. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

A cikin karni na 10, garin da alama ya fuskanci mamayewa, wanda ake zaton Rus ne. Bayan haka, Phanagoria ba za ta iya yin gasa da makwabciyar Tmutarakan ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[citation needed]}

A ƙarshen Zamanin Tsakiya an Genoa garin Matrega a kan rushewarsa; shafin ya kasance wani ɓangare na cibiyar sadarwa ta dukiyar Genoese a arewacin bakin tekun Black Sea. A cikin karni na 15, ita ce cibiyar mulkin Ghisolfi. Daga nan zuwa yanzu babu wani yanki na dindindin a shafin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[citation needed]}

Dubi kuma

Jerin biranen Girka na dā
Ƙungiyoyin mallaka a zamanin d ̄ a

Manazarta